these topics, to establish roads among the new settlements, and from thence to the populous parts of the province; and he does not anticipate any opposition to his project. AMERICA: UNITED STATES. Combustible Spring. ed in Austria, the population of that monarchy, amounts to 27,613,000 souls. In this number are included 11,750 Sclavonians, 5,000,000 of Italians, 4,800,000 Germans, 4,00,000 of Hungarians, &c. As to their religion they are divided into 21,000,000 Catholics, 2.500,000 belonging to the Greek Church, 2,000,000 belonging to the Reformed Church, 1,450,000 Lutherans, 400,000 Jews, and about 40,000 Unitarians. New Extracts from Coal. Dr. Jassmeyer, Professor of Chemistry A curiosity in Virginia, which seems unparallelled any where. In the country of Fincastle there is a small running water, or spring, possessed of a quality which cannot be defined (though supposed to be a mineral water, strongly impregnated with sulphur, or some such thing), how-in Vienna, has made a discovery of a ever, by snapping the pan of a pistol, or tinderbox with a little gunpowder, the water will instantly catch fire, and burn until the water is consumed, or dried up then the channel, which is common earth is left as ashes. There being no more water left to feed the flame, the spring bubbles out from the crevices of the earth as usual, and in the space of half an hour, the current goes on as formerly. The water continues burning, when such experiments are tried by the people, for two or three days before the whole is consumed. Reid's Philadelphia Gazette, May 15, 1815. This curiosity is not quite so singnlar as the American authority supposes. The wells at Brosely in Staffordshire are famous for the same property, in our philosophical transactions; and there are various springs in Poland, one near Cracow, in particular, which if a lighted torch be applied, a flame bursts forth, and dances on the surface. For a property of the same, possessed by a vapour rising from the earth, at Baku, or Badku, on the Caspian Sea, See LIT. PAN. O. S. Vol. IV. p. 275, Vol. XIII. p. $46. means to extract from coals two hitherto unknown acids, a resin, a resinous gum, and other elements, which he has employed with surprising success to the purpose of dying wool, silk, hair, and linen, and has produced from them red, black, yellow, and various shades of brown and grey. BELGIUM, Sir H. Davy's Safety Lamps employed. The province of Hainault is said to be more rich in coal-mines than any other part of the continent of Europe, and to have no less than 100,000 persons employed in the working them. The same kind of dangerous accidents occurred in them as in the north of England, and various expedients had been employed for their prevention, which were, however, not very effectual in obviating the evil. The adoption of the Safety Lamp appears to have been as useful in the mines of Flanders as in those of England, since no accident of any kind has occurred there since it has been adopted, nor has any inconvenience or difficulty been experienced with respect to it. FRANCE. Tremendous Storms. Swiss Emigrants. Intelligence has been received at Schaff'. May 1.-Every day discloses more of the hausen, direct from the United States of tempest with which Paris was lately visitAmerica, that an association of upwards of ed, and which destroyed all hope of pro. 400 Swiss proprietors has been formed duce of the gardens in the Faubourg St. there to establish a colony of Swiss emi-Antoine, on the side of Charonne, Bellegrants who have arrived, and still arrive in great numbers in America. The Congress was occupied in organizing this colony, and assign it a district. It is believed that its choice will fall on the district of Ar. kansas, in the territory of the Mississippi. Measures will be taken by this association to favour the transportation of the Swiss who will embark in the ports of Holland for the United States. ville, and Menilmontant. The total loss is estimated at npwards of 500,000 francs. Advices from the neighbourhood of Autun add, that terrible storms of hail, attended with thunder and fightning, were experienced there and at Tavernay, and that a fisherman who took refuge under a tree, between Autun and Tavernay was killed on the spot; but, happily for these com. munes, the backwardness of the season has saved them from any worse results. Remains of Ney. The body of Marshal Ney, interred in the Pere-la Chaise, at Paris, has been taken up and conveyed to his country seat, where it has been deposited, and an elegant monument erected over it. Telegraphs. Intelligence can be received from Calais at Paris, between which there are 27 tele graphs, in three minutes; From Lille, 22 telegraphs, two minutes; from Strasburg, 45 telegraphs, six and a half minutes; from Lyons, 50 telegraphs, and from Brest, 80 telegraphs, eight minutes. Toleration. A letter from Constantinople, of the 28th of April, mentions the following circumstance:-A Greek, who had embraced the Mahometan religion, in consequence of some ill treatment he had experienced from his own family, soon after repented of his conduct, and appeared before the Several members of the reformed church Grand Vizier, offering his head, as the of Puylaurens (near Castres, in the depart. atonement required by the law of Mahoment of Tarn) having been condemned to met, for the crime of abjuring the Musa fine for not having tapestry in the front sulman Creed. In returning to the Greek of their houses on the day of the fete De religion, in which he had been born, be Dieu, an appeal made by the consistory of was willing to sacrifice his life to expiate Castres to the secretary of state for the his fault, in the hope that God would parinterior. The consistory of the Reformed don him. The Turks did every thing in Church at Paris, informed of these pro-lution, and even the executioner himself, their power to make him change his resoceedings, applied to his Excellency, who admitted the justice of the application, and promised to give orders that the Protestants shall be excused from taking any part in the ceremonies of Catholic worship. The decision has given great satisfaction to the Protestants, as it appears to them consistent, both with the spirit of Christianity, and the fundamental laws of the kingdom RUSSIA. Panopticon destroyed. St. Petersburgh, March 28. -The Panopticon, a large wooden building, five stories high, which lay out of the city, on the other side of the Neva, has fallen a prey to fire. This building was erected only a few years ago, after a very ingenious plan, and as workshops for many branches of the marine. It was also used for barracks for sailors. It was capable of containing 3,000 persons. In the middle of the building there was a hollow cylinder, which went through all the stories, and in the middle a chair for the superintendant of the works, from which, without being seen himself, he could see every thing through the openings in the cylinder, and overlook each of the work rooms, which were fur nished with glass doors; and by another contrivance could let himself up and down as he thought proper. In every story there were doors to the cylinder opening from the inside, so that that the superintendant could come out of the cylinder and shew himself, whenever it was necessary. The architect of this building, was General Bentham. In the lowest story was the steam engine, by which the machinery was put in motion. Unhappily some The before the execution, led him about the National Register: the antiquary. It is reported, that they were purchased by the Curators of the Bodleian Library, for the sum of 5,5001. Antiquities. The Weymouth store-ship has arrived at Deptford, with the valuable head of Memnon, King of Abydos. This superior production of the ancients has been sent from Egypt by Mr. Salte, the Consul General there, as a present to the British Museum, and consists of one solid block of granite, weighing about nine tons. The whole of the face is in the highest preservation, and remarkably expressive. The right ear is rather damaged, but in a trifling degree. On the right breast is a hole, made by_the_French, during their sojourn under Bonaparte, for the purpose of blasting it with gunpowder, to reduce the size of the bust. This attempt was not, however, so successful as one they made on the left side, which has knocked off the arm and mutilated the body. The fragment has, however, been luckily found and sent home. The head appears surmounted, or bound round with a diadem or drapery, and the chin rests on a projection similar to what is seen in many Egyptian figures Such of the cognoscenti as have seen this piece of sculpture, pronounce it as belong ing to the higher order, and a valuable acquisition. It has been removed to the British Museum. The Weymouth has also brought presents from the Bey of Tripoli to the Prince Regent. They consist of columns, cornices, chapiters, &c. &c. found at Lebida (the Leptis Magnus of the ancients,) and are in great preservation. Some are of pure white marble, almost, if the expression may be allowed, transparent: others beautifully veined; while the cornices, &c. at once display the superiority of the ancients in the art of sculpture. The columns are mostly of one solid piece, one weighing near 15 tons, and is 22 feet in length. Extended Litigation In the Court of Exchequer, on the recommendation of Sir W. Garrow, an arrangement was adopted in the case of Sir Watkin Lewes against Morgan, whereby Sir Watkin, who is now between 80 and 90 years of age, is, after 40 years litigation, and an imprisonment for debt of considerable duration, put into possession of large estates in South Wales, which produce a very considerable revenue. The venerable Kught was congratulated by several of his friends in Court on being at length put into possession of his estates. In Sir Watkin's view of the accounts, Mr. Morgan will have, at the final settlement, to refund an immense sum of money; while the latter contends the balance will b found in his favour. Mr. Morgan has appealed to the House of Lords against a former decision of the Court, and Sir Watof the estates till the question is finally set kin will have to pay £400. per annum out at rest. Executions for Forgery. At the last Lancaster Assizes, Chief Baron Richards, in passing sentence of death on the prisoners convicted of forgery, ths addressed them : "Forgery is a practice which must be repressed; and if this cannot be effected by other means, it must be done by visiting it with the utmost severity of the law, for the negociation of forged notes is the strongest and most extensive mode of plundering the public which can be resorted to, and it is one against which no care or prudence can be an effectual protection. I had, the the last Assizes, the very melancholy duty, in this place, of passing the sentence I am now about to pass upon you, upon a number of persons convicted of this offence, and which sentence was carried into effect with respect to most of them; but I do not perceive that this sad example has been attended with any advantage, or that it has produced any diminution in the number of offenders of this description; you have not taken warning from it; for I observe that your offences are all subsequent to the last Assizes. It is, therefore, necessary that examples should still continue to be made; and it is my duty to tell you that some of you, nay, that most of you, beyond all question, must suffer the full sentence of the law. Approach of an Ice-Island. or By a letter from Thurso, dated April 29, it appears, that an Iceberg, island of ice, has actually been stranded upon the island of Fowla, the most western of the Shetland Isles. This Iceberg is said to extend six miles in length, and, is an object of terror to the natives. Fowla, or Fula, in lat. 60. 6. N. long. 9. 17. W. of Edinburgh, is supposed to be the Ultima Thule of the ancients. It is about three miles in length, and one and a half in breadth, situated nearly 20 miles distant from any land, to the westward of the clusters of Orkney and of Shetland, to which last it is politically annexed. It af fords excellent pasturage for sheep, and is inhabited by 26 families. New Zealanders in England. Of the powerful influence of curiosity over the mind of man in an uncivilized | such dangerous inflammatory symptoms, as to occasion serious apprehensions for their final recovery. The visit of these strangers is likely to prove of considerable benefit to our future intercourse with their country, and also with different islands scattered over the immense Pacific, by enabling us to settle the rudiments of their language upon fixed and scientific principles. For this purpose the Church Missionary Society have engaged a gentleman, well known in the fiterary world for his attainments in the ori ental languages; and the success of his present endeavours promises the most happy results. It is well known to all who have read the voyages undertaken in the South Seas, that the various tongues spoken by the different nations scattered over its extensive surface are all of them with few exceptions, dialects of one ge neral language, modified by the change of climate, the difference of production, and the various habits of the people. By fixing, therefore the rudiments of one of these and barbarous state of society, we have a remarkable instance in two natives of New Zealand, who have lately arrived in this country. These young men, who were in full possession of ease and independence, have voluntarily renounced these enviable advantages, and for the purpose of witnessing the difference between society in a high degree of refinement, and as it exists in their own rude and barbarous institution, have braved, with the utmost cheerfulness and courage, the dangers of the immense extent of ocean that divides their native shores from those of Europe. Previously to their embarking for this country, they had been residing for some time in New South Wales, and, during their stay in that settlement, were living in the family of the Rev. S. Marsden, a gentleman well known for his active and intrepid exertions in behalf of the islanders of the South Seas, and as being principally instrumental in establishing the Missionary Settlement in New Zealand. By Mr. Marsden they were recommended to the care of the Church Missionary Soci-languages, the grammar adapted to it will ety, under whose protection they will remain during their stay in this country. cess of that at Otaheite, and the increasing prosperity of that at New Zealand, hold out encouragements for similar estab lishments. North American Indians. The Leeds Mercury contains the following, relative to the Seneca Indians, who recently arrived in this country. serve with little variation for the whole. By this means our commercial intercourse These enterprising travellers appear to with the different islands will be consider be nearly of the same age, about three or ably facilitated, and the prospects of fufour and twenty. Tooi, who is of the mid-ture missions augmented, as the great suc dle size, possesses a pleasing and intelligent countenance, with dark expressive eyes, evincing at the same time an impatience of restraint, which, however, exists only in the appearance, as no human bejug can be more docile and tractable. Teterree is somewhat taller than his companion, with greater mildness of features, in which are expressed some strong characThis small but interesting company of teristic traits of a disposition prone to foreigners consists of six warriors and their mirth and playful humour. Though nei-Chief, and the following is a list of their ther of them is said to be a good specimen of muscular strength of his countrymen, yet they are both well proportioned, and of active make. Tooi has the mark of the amoco, or tattooing, on the chin and the upper lip, intended only as preparatory marks to the whole of his face and forehead being covered with them, but which operation he now ridicules as absurd, and declares that he will not suffer any more of these painful inflictions. Although they have been nearly two months in this country; they have hitherto been very little enabled to gratify that intense curiosity which caused them to leave thoir native land. Soon after their arrival, the severity of the weather, so totally different from the genial mildness of their own climate, brought on severe and alarming indisposition. They were both seized with violent colds, attended with ........ names and ages. .... ...... They are all from the settlements of Buffalo Creek, about 25 miles from the celebrated fall of Niagara-except Siacute, who lives in the Tonnewanta settlement, 22 miles from Buffalo. They are of the Seneca nation, so called by the white people, but in their own language the Tewa-gabs. They sailed from Boston in the brig Sally, and arrived in Liverpool about the end of January. During the passage, which was very boisterous and alarming, the Indians exhibited great patience and composure of mind, more so than the other passengers, from a belief that they were under the care of the Great Spirit. ed by the use of hot water. For this purpase, place the flowers in scalding water, deep enough to cover about one-third of the length of the stem by the time the water has become cold the flowers will be erect and fresh; then cut off the coddled end of the stems, and put them into cold water. Fine Arts in England.—It appears from list of each class inserted in a late number of "Annals of the Fine Arts," that modern patronage has created in England not less than 931 professional artists, of various descriptions, in and near the metropolis; of whom there are 532 painters, 45 sculptors, 149 architects, 93 engravers in line, 38 in mixed style, 19 in mezzotinto, 89 in aquatinta, 22 on wood: and it deserves to be especially noticed, that among the painters there are no less than 43 ladies. Mode of Cultreating Potatoes, Make deep furrows, and place at the bottom of them short straw or straw chopped on purpose (fern or refuse bay answer the same end), to the depth of 4 inches; then place the potatoe-sets on this straw, and cover them with earth. The result is under all circumstances, a considerable increase in the quality of the crop; but in wet soils or seasons, which, it is well known, usually produce watery, unsubstantial, and ill-flavoured potatoes, this method is the only one by which a valuable crop can be insured; for the straw affords a most kindly bed for the potatoes, and, by acting as a kind of drain, prevents them from rotGolden Typography.-The art of printting, and conduces much to their sounding in gold, which has been practised at and prolific condition. The wetness, thus different periods with various degrees of far, of the present season, renders it peen-success, has been lately revived in a more liarly important that so effectual a guard against the ill-effects of excessive rain should be generally known. And that, in the event of the dry season, no ill effects need be apprehended, is strikingly illustrated by a kind of accidental experiment which was lately communicated to the writer of this article by a gentleman of intelligence and veracity. A potatoe had by chance been thrown upon a heap of short dry grass, the mowings of the lawn; it there vegetated and spread through a great portion of the heap (which was nearly in the condition of hay), and had produced throughout potatoes to a very unuLithography.-A description of engrav sual amount, though it only communica- ing on stone, which was about twenty ted with the earth by some long, detach-years since invented in Germany, has been ed fibres: this seems to prove satisfactorily, that if there be moist earth in the vicinity from which nourishment may be extracted, the circumstances of the potatoes themselves being a very dry bed, is productive of none but the most beneficial consequences. Horticulture. It has been discovered by an accidental circumstance, that in the blanching of garden rhubarb in the manner of celery, much improves its flavour, and occasions it to require less sugar. Flowers preserved in Hot Water. Most flowers begin to droop and fade after being kept during 24 hours in water; a few may be revived by substituting fresh water; but all (the most, fagacious, such as the poppy, and perhaps one or two others excepted) may be completely restor perfect and beautiful manner than any other which has already appeared. It is scarcely possible to convey to those who have not witnessed its effect, the splendid character which this invention displays. M. Didot, of Paris, and Mr. Whitaker, of London, have produced some of the finest specimens of this art. Some specimens of golden printing, in a work consisting of coloured plates of pheasants, was lately published in France, where the name of each species, and the yellow tints on the feathers, were printed from copper-plate in gold ink. lately revived with much success in England. The process of this art is simple in the extreme. A slab of white lias, (Bath stone) about an inch thick, is rendered perfectly level, and polished with fine sand, or some other substance, and this stone is drawn on with a pen, and a prepared liwith the same facility: after this, the stone quid of the consistence of common ink, and is. washed over with diluted nitric acid, has not been drawn on with the pen; the which slightly corrodes that part which stone is then saturated with water, and the common printing ink dabbed over it, as in type printing, and the ink adheres to such parts as have been drawn on, (the other parts of the stone being wet, repel the printing ink); the impression is, then taken by passing the stone through a press with a plane and single cylinder When the print is wished to resemble a chalk draw |