night more than a thousand addresses to, resume the government-Je me suis decide à ne pas partir. Je puis expliquer maintenant a mes gardes, quel sont les motifs, qui me font REVOQUER MON ABDICATION. There can be no doubt but what his delays at Fontainbleau had this object: finding it unattainable, his last words to his soldiers had a further view: " Adieu, mes enfans! Conservez mon souvenir.“ Courts having assembled in conference, and the French Plenipotentiary having made known, that in consequence of the state of France, and the faithful Xecution of the treaty of November 20, 1815, his most Christian Majesty was desirous that the military occupation stipulated by the fifth article of the said Ministry of the Courts of Austria, Prussia, treaty, should cease as soon as possible, the Great Britain, and Russia, (the names of the Powers are placed in the alphabetical disorder), after having, in concert with the said Plenipotentiary of France, maturely examined every thing that could have an influence on such an important decision, declared, that their Sovereigns would admit the principle of the evacuation of the French territory at the end of the third year of the occupation, and wishing to consolidate their resolution in time the definitive execution of the said treaty formal convention, and to secure at the same their Majesties named (here follow the uames of the Ministry), who have agreed upon the following articles :— This view was declared with sufficient tinctuess, when he addressed a proclama tion to the French garrison then leaving the island of Elba, that he would take into pay, all those officers and soldiers who were willing to serve him: he boasted of having enrolled four thousand. What could he want with four thousand troops ou Elba and General Koller, to whom he disclosed the secret, correctly announced that after such a step, his expected pension would never be paid him :-for who would furnish arms of such immense power, which could only be used against themselves? Extraordinary was his good fortune in landing undetected on French ground extraordinary was the somnolency of the French Ministry: his passage to Paris was not extraordinary, as the whole was a well planned accommodation to his scheme, executed with great dexterity. There was nothing extraordinary in his lyings, public or private he never dealt in truth. The extraordinary hundred days closed with the most extraordinary battle of Waterloothe occupation of Paris-and Peace. But the occupation of France was no less extraordinary; and that is now raised in a manner so prompt, so effectual, and so decisive, that perhaps, it is really, the most extraordinary event of the whole history. Future French historians will endeavour to pervert or to conceal many of the facts we have alluded to: by a dextrous turn of phraseology, they will keep out of sight much that offends them; and they would pass over in silence the main fact if they could. To prevent this chicanery, so far as our power extends, we find it our duty to give at length the Document by which this determination of the Sovereigns of Europe has been announced to the world TREATY FOR THE EVACUATION OF FRANCE. In the name of the Holy and Indivisble Trinity. Their Majesties the Emperor of Austria, the King of Prussia, and the Emperor of all the Russias, having repaired to Aix-la-Chapelle, and their Majesties the King of France and Navarre, and the King of the kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, hing sent their Plenipotentiaries, the Ministry of the five Art 1. The troops composing the Army of Occupation shall be withdrawn from the French territory by the 30th of November next, or sooner, if possible. Art. 2. The strong places and fortresses which the said troops now occupy, shall be surrendered to commissioners named for that purpose by his most Christian Majesty, in the state in which they were at the time of the occupation, conformably to the ninth article of the convention concluded in execution of the fifth article of the treaty of November 2, 1815. Art. 3. The sum destined to provide for the pay, the equipment, and the clothing of the troops of the Army of Occupation, shall be all paid in cases, till the 30th of November next, on the same footing on which it has ex isted since the 1st of December 1817. tween France and the Allied Powers having Art. 4. All the pecuniary arrangements bebeen regulated and settled, the sum remaining to be paid by France to complete the execution of the 4th article of the treaty of November 1815, is definitively, fixed at 265 million of francs. Art. 5. Of this sum, the amount of 100 millions of effective value shall be paid by Public Debt of France, bearing interest from an inscription of rentes on the great book of the the 22d of September, 1818. The said inscriptions shall be received at the rate of the funds on the 5th October, 1815. Art. 6. The remaining 165 millions shall be paid by nine monthly instalments, commencing with the 6th of January next, by drafts on the houses of Hope and Co. and Baring, Brothers, and Co. In the same manner the inscription of rentes, mentioned in the above article shall be delivered to commissioners of the Courts of Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia, by the royal treasury of France, at the epoch of the complete and definitive evacuation of the French territory. Art. 7. At the same epoch, the commis sioners of the said Courts shall deliver to the royal treasury of France, the six obligatious (engagements), not yet discharged (acquittes), which shall remain in their hands of the 15 obligations (engagements) delivered conformably to the second article of the conven tion concluded for the execution of the fourth article of the 20th of November, 1815. The said Commissioners shall at the same time deliver the inscriptions of 7 millious of rentes, created in virtue of the 8th article of the said convention. Art. 8. The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at Aix-laChapelle, in the course of 15 days, or sooner if possible, in the faith of which the respective Plenipotentiaries have herewith signed their names, and affixed to it their seals and arms. Done at Aix-la-Chapelle, the 9th of October, in the year of Grace 1818. [Here follow the signatures of the different ministers.] We have found the above Treaty conformable to our will, in consequence of which we have confirmed and ratified the same, as we do now confirm and ratify it for our heirs and successors. [Here follow the signatures of the Sovereigns, with the specification of the different years of their several reigns.] Aix-la-Chapelle, Oct. 17, 1818. Thus has terminated without difficulty, one of the most difficult transactions of modern days. The unanimity with which if has been executed, the nature of the re: quest stated, and the person by whom it was made, afford matter of serious, and we trust of pleasing speculation in our contemplations of futurity. We shall observe, that the general good behaviour of this army, for we have heard of few, very few complaints-is wonderful. We doubt not, but what industrious vagabonds might pick up a few scandalous anecdotes from among the hosts of such a numerous body of men; but, speaking generally, this army has, by its good conduct, done honour to its profession; and to the mighty power of DISCIPLINE. In looking forward, so far as we lawfully may, the first symptom of future satisfaction is, the continued union of the Sovereigns. As no cause now appears for disunion, hereafter, we hope that this augurs a peace of long continuance; not a fretful, angry, peevish truce, neitherwar nor peace, but, a fair, honourable, permanent, consolidated Peace. We hope, secondly, to see every power reduce its army, to as low an establishment as possible; and this being done by mutual good understanding, will contribute much to justify our augury. Great Britain is the first to take the lead in this reduction. The army is officially reduced more than 33,000 men: that is to say, the horse about 6000 men; some in whole regiments, others, so many men per troop. The foot forces are in like manner to be reduced nearly 25,000 men. The officers, of course, retaining their honours, and their half-pay. These with their attendants, supernumeraries, &c. make the full number we have stated. Thus will the army list be decreased; but the pension list increased. And now we give this advice to our country: Suffer not the science of war to decline; but, be not anxious about the art of war. Whatever improvements are the fruits of intellect and study,cherish; whether they consist in building of ships or preparing them for action; whether the officer be better instructed to his duty as a man, a gentleman, or a soldier. Britain will never want soldiers or sailors; but those who know any thing, know the great danger she was in, of wanting competent officers. We may probably, resume the subject; for all our countrymen have not clearly understood this fact: but, at present, we foresee a struggle of another kind; and one that we have repeatedly announced. We know that a war of Commercial emulation has broken out, and will rage with equal zeal as a war of extermination. We do not say, that it will bombard towns, or burn English goods in the market place or station a triple liue of Douaniers, or guarda-costas, to which certain allottments called captures will be paid: nor do we say, that it will consist in first granting licences, and then seizing all vessels navigaling under their protection. All these ambuscades, &c. &c. the readers of our work have seen in our pages. But, we say, it will consist in a long endeavour to emulate, to excell, to equal, to surpass, each other's goods, in value and merit, in cheapness and abundance, in taste and workmanship; and most of all in SUBSTITUTION. Those who have not our means of information may think this mere Rhodomontado; it is not so: we have never acknowledged anxiety on the subject; but, we have never concealed our apprehensions. They are not diminished; and we may hereafter produce our evidence. It is probable, that the turn of affairs abroad may save its influence on affairs at home. It is expected that Parliament will assemble before Christmas, time enough to allow of certain necessary forms taking place, before real business can properly be introduced. The progressive increase of the national income-in all its branches, except the Post Office, together with the diminished expences, and official dependence on a long reign of Peace, will form topics on which the most timid may ven *ure to enlarge; and which the most furious will hardly venture to attack. Another event may probably accelerate this movement;-which is all the notice we shall at present take of home affairs. A NEW SAINT! The Beatification was celebrated at Rome, in the Church of the Vatican, on the 20th ult. He was of the order of the Jacobins, and a Spaniard. His name is Francis Possadas. He was born November 25th, 1644, and died September 20th, 1713. Pope Pius VII. declared, on the 4th of August, 1804, that Francis Possadas possessed, in an heroic degree, theological and cardinal virtues. 1817, he added, that out of three miracles On the 9th of May, ble Possadas, two of the three were certain; attributed to the intercession of the veneraand on the 8th of September of the same year, he announced that his Beatification might be safely undertaken! Now so it is; that "our little bodies are There remains a very unpleasant thorn in the sides of all true Philanthropists, which we fear will not be drawn from them very quickly; we mean the affairs of Spain. Spain has changed her ministry; to what real advantage we cannot say. It is not a few court squabbles, or unmeaning intrigues that will meet the exigencies with which she is surrounded. We have made more allowances than many others, for the difficulties of the King's situation; when a man in a labyrinth, formed of hollies, thorns, and all manner of prickly shrubs, bawls out for direction and assist-a-weary of this great world," as Shakeance, who can blame him? Spain has speare says, and as we certainly design to been too proud; Spain has been a dupe; go to heaven some time or other we may as Spain is gathering the deleterious fruits: well bespeak a friend there, as not,- being who can but pity the immediate sufferer, also much ashamed of our National Saintwhose only consolation is, that he is not the George-that is to say, as he appears of immediate cause? Our readers have long which he nothing resembles any saint of late on our Sovereigns and Crown Pieces, in our knowledge-we shall not be the last to pay our respects to this new subject of cannonization. And therefore recollecting the good old Catholic maxim, known to what our information on the affairs of Spain tended; and if they will look back to the reports, public and private, recorded in our pages during the PeninsuJar war, they will see characteristics of Spaniards, not inapplicable to present times. If a more important subject had not occupied our pages, we should certainly have paid greater attention to the politics of the Netherlands;-to those of the north; and perhaps, to those of the east. There is our old friend, the Sultan, obliged to quit his bed at midnight, to attend fire after fire; the language they speak is intelligible enough; but, what can he do? There have been Mahomets and Mustaphas who would have make the Janissaries tremble: whereas, the fashion has long been for the Janissaries to make the Mahomets and the Mustaphas tremble. How long this may continue we know not: whether one party or the other may not before long be totally vanquished, or whether more temporising: -is all obscurity. It is an obscurity too, under which we should not choose to mount the old bedstead adorned with Ostrich's eggs we would as soon be lord of the mountains of the moon, Grand Lama of Tibet;-aye, or the Pope, himself! Quod non eapis, quod non vides. SANCTISSIME! FRANCISCUS DE POSSADAS: Commercial Chronicle. STATE OF TRADE. Lloyd's Coffee House, Oct. 20, 1818. WHETHER Speculation be a benefit to a Commercial Country, has somewhat eugaged our attention on former occasions; and the result of our enquiries inclined to the opinion, that within moderate bounds it is not to be condemned. But, we were not unacquainted with the Arguments The Pope! why, He has pleasures pecu- of the inference; nor unwilling to allow which might be used on the contrary side liarly his own! He has taken the hint we lately dropped, and has done more than their power and the present Month has afforded additional instances that speculaany other mortal under the sun could do tion, too far extended, is detrimental to the Into the Heav'n of Heav'ns he has presumed individual, and to the public. This conseAn Earthly guest! and drank Empyreal air.―quence takes effect, also, in proportion to His Holiness! has made-the extreme to which expectation and de pendence on contingencies have been carried; and when the issue is fatal, the Public voice condemns without pity, those individuals who have involved themselves in ruin. We allude to the late excessive Speculations in Hops; which we have scarcely heard mentioned to any body, or by any body, without the reply containing censure, or condemnation "Why were the Speculations so excessive?" Kentish Hops, in bags, is from 81. to 9l.: Sussex Hops, from 71. to 81. Pockets are, of course, something higher; Kentish, 81. 8s. to 91. Sussex, 81. to 91. The quality is generally excellent; though some ground. have yielded crops somewhat lighter than usual in weight. The course of the markets has not altogether justified the opinion we ventured to give, on the probable rise of BARLEY; yet we venture to think it was given on good grounds; and if yesterday's prices might be taken in proof, as an introductory specimen, appearances do not discredit our expectation. Barley certainly rose Is. and some 2s. if it were fit for malting: as usual, the prime was taken off the most readily; and indeed, this quality, of malt inferior sorts, without this merit, were comparatively dull in sale. There was little or nothing done in Foreign; which was subject to the same requisition. That Dealers should obtain a fair, an honest, and a living profit, by the employ ment of their skill and assiduity, and capital, and good fortune, too, is one of the first and most obvious of Mercantile principles; but, that Dealers should never lose sight of the limits of their capital, of the possibilities and probabilities, the chances of Trade and Commerce, is no less a pri-ing, was the recommendation sought after: mary dictate of common prudence and caution. For, it ought to be held in per petual remembrance, that all beyond what a man can justly call his own, is the property of others; and it ought not to be put to venture, without the concurrence, or at least, the consent of its proprietors. Where this modest principle prevails, the issue is honourable; and no where is the sense and conviction of this honour more effectually felt than in the City of London. We have known Merchants universally respected, after the unfortunate consequences of a close run, at an unpropitious moment: while, others, abundantly more flourishing formerly, were criticized and criminated without reserve. Our younger readers will take this hint, for their guid ance, as it is intended; let them hear the voice of Experience, in the sentiments of their friends of long standing, and though they may appear to forego some flattering opportunities, yet the whole-the conclusion-will be every way in their favour. But, let not this remark be misunderstood, to damp the judicious exertious of skill and good management: we have already alluded to our opinion in favour of prompt attention to business, not without some spirit of adventure; and though we must be allowed to qualify it by appropriate limitations, yet we do not mean to retract it. However, it must be acknowledged, that the proper time for insisting on caution is, when the want of caution has rendered others the examples-not for imitation, but for avoiding. Hops have continued to decline in their price, though not with any thing like the rapidity which distinguished them a few weeks ago: they still continue declining, perhaps quite as much as circumstances warrant:-though, in saying this, we know that better judges than ourselves think otherwise. The present price of New CORN, generally, was heavy; and a great quantity remained unsold: not that the supply of English grain, especially Wheat, was extensive. The Foreign was in no great request. Foreign Peas, indeed, were readily taken notice of, because the quantity of home growth was small. Beans were heavy in sale. Linseed has arrived in large quantities; but the holders expect a better currency. This, is in fact, the general feeling of the Corn Market: the holders depend on a more advantageous disposal than offers at present. RICE has lately been brought to market pretty plentifully: a late sale at the India House comprized 16,000 bags; of which 10,000 were disposed of at some depression, say 3s. to 4s. in favour of the buyer. The demand has been somewhat torpid, in consequence of this supply; and the market may certainly be stated heavy, at this time. PROVISIONS from Ireland have not yet arrived, in any extensive supply; nor can they immediately be expected. Those who watch the Markets, and are jealous of quality, do not conceal their fears lest the late close weather should prove unfavourable to the curing of the early parcels of Beef and Pork. Undoubtedly, this could not escape attention; but we have no reason to doubt the exercise of a sufficient degree of skill to meet it though we know that many persons in London have had reason to complain of something like bad luck! (the motto of not a few among the Irish) in the curing, or keeping of their meat within the few weeks, last past. The warm weather has lowered the price of Butter; Bacon, Pork, and Beef, are steady; and seem likely to continue so; unless some brisk orders should arrive | to the advantage of the buyer: Spirits of speedily. Turpentine are heavy; and little doing. Tar has been in good demand: and this is the only kind that has felt any business: Pitch and Rosin are both heavy. It should appear that the same fine, dry, and even sultry weather that has prevailed in Britain during the Summer, has extended itself much to the southward: in consequence, the fruits of Spain are imported in an uncommonly fine state: some of them are also come to hand much sooner than usual; and as the supply that is closely following is ample, the prices are considerably lower than those were sold at, which arrived first to market, in the last seasou. It is probable, that the same observation may be just in reference to the Oriental productions; and when the Levant ships arrive, we should not be at all surprized to learn that their Currants, Rai- | sins, Figs, &c. are of the first quality, and equally abundant as excellent. HEMP also is heavy: it may be purchased on the very lowest terms of the Market; perhaps something under. Flax is improving; which may be taken as favourable to certain manufactures. Tallow has given way 2s. or Ss. per cwt. It is heavy at this decline. We have already hinted at the prevalence of gas in the furnishing of light; and that it has some advantages, cannot be denied. That the gas works contribute to the salubrity of the City of London, will not be affirmed by any; and we heartily wish that the Parliament had insisted on such establishments consuming their own smoke. There was, previous to their institution, a sufficient Metropolis: had the consumption of smoke been made a sine qua non, before now the dexterity of ingenious men would have found out a remedy, worthy the adoption of all great works, breweries, &c. &c. SILK comes to a good market; and if a plentiful supply should arrive from the Me-accumulation of that nuisance over the diterranean, it will find ready purchasers: at present, the East India descriptions are rising in price; and we doubt not, but what a proper attention to quality, will eventually, turn out exceedingly profitable | to the provinces under the British protection. We cannot but wish well to this colonial production; which bids fair to render us, in time, independent of foreigners. INDIGO has lately had a large delivery from the India House; and the demand, therefore, is not at present animated. Ne vertheless, several parcels hvve changed hands to the advantage of the seller; who has obtained a premium of 3d., or in some instances of 6d. per lb. It is likely that this article will rise. SPICES are heavy: there is a large quantity aunounced for sale,-nearly 14,000 bags of Pepper; which has induced the present holders to give way considerably; and, indeed, the whole of the Spices may be considered as lowering in price. SPIRITS are declining there is little or no business doing in RUM: and the same may be said of BRANDY: the expectation of plentiful supply, and of superior quality, checks the present demand. Geneva is about its regular price: the supply of this article being of late little varied. The rapid advance of the season, when shipments of colonial supplies far Continental ports, must be expected to abate, has thrown a kind of gloom over some of the chief articles of export. This is so natural, and also so constant, that it can surprise nobody. The SUGAR market, for instance, has been heavy for some time; and seeing no prospect of improvement, there are holders who have preferred submitting to a small depression, say 1s. per cwt., and some have rather given up 2s. than not dispose of their commodity. The temptation has had its effect; and a considerable quantity has changed hands; notwithstanding which the general state of the market must still be reported without briskness. The home trade, indeed, takes off a portion; but, seems to draw, at present, no more than is absolutely necessary. The Refined Market has participated in this state of non-exertion. The prices have continued inclined to depression; and the influence of the home demand has not been sufficient to change their general appear ance. Foreign Sugars have experienced the same dulness. OILS. Purchases may now be made on lower terms than they could some time ago: the Demand for Whale Oil has been Report affirms that the Sugar Refiners of considerable; but is now abated, and the Russia have induced their government to lay price has abated with it. Southern Oil is a heavier duty on imported Refined, than heavy at 20s. per ton lower. Galipoli has heretofore. They hope, by this proceedalso given way. In the Oils drawn from ing, to obtain the supply of the interior of seeds there is no considerable variation. their own country. How far this may sucNAVAL STORES are but in moderate re-ceed, we know not: nor, perhaps, is it easy quest: rough Turpentine is to be obtained to say what proportion of the price to the |