heavens directly overhead, or above that place, and the nadir is a point opposite to the zenith. 266. The wooden horrizon of the globe is divided into three parts: the innermost is marked with all the marks on the mariner's compass; the next has the names, characters, and figures, of the twelve signs, and the third is a calendar of months and days. By the two last are instantly seen the sign and degree the sun is in, during every day in the year. 267. The circumference of the earth and heavens is divided into three hundred and sixty degrees, and every degree is divided into sixty minutes. Half the circumference is one hundred and eighty degrees, and a quarter is ninety de grees. 268. The LATITUDE of any place is its distance from the equator towards either pole, reckoned in degrees and minutes, and may be ninety, degrees north or south. 269. The LONGITUDE of any place is its distance from the meridian of London, reckoned in degrees and minutes at the equator, and it may be one hundred and eighty degrees east or west. PROBLEM I.-To find the latitude of any place. Rule. Turn the globe, and bring the place to the graduated edge of the brazen meridian, and the degree on the meridian is the latitude north or south, as it may be on the north or south side of the equator. Er. Thus the latitude of London is 51 north, and of St. Helena nearly sixteen degrees south. Examples for practice. 1. What is the latitude of Alexandria in Egypt?-Of Athens ?-Of Bengal? 2. What is the latitude of the Cape of Good Hope ?-Of Cape Horn?-Of Constantinople? 3. What is the latitude of Edinburgh?-Of Ispahan? Madras ?---Of Moscow ? 4. What is the latitude of Paris ?---Of Philadelphia? 5. What is the latitude of Prague?Of Stockholm?--Of Teneriffe ? 6. What is the latitude of Vienna ?---Of Port Jackson? ---and of Mexico? PROBLEM II. To find the longitude of any place. Rule. Bring the place to the brazen meridian, and the degree on the equator shews the longitude from London. Er. Thus the longitude of Madras is eighty degrees east; of Lisbon nine degrees west. < Examples for practice. 7. What is the longitude of Amsterdam? 17. What is the longitude of Turin ? PROBLEM III.—The longitude and latitude of any place being given to find that place. · Rule.-Look for the longitude on the equator, and bring it to the brazen meridian, then under the given degree of latitude will be the place required. Ex. Thus the place whose longitude is 30° 10′ east, and latitude 31° north, is Alexandria; and the place which has nearly 6 west longitude, and 16" south latitude, is St. Helena. Examples for practice. 19. What place is that whose longitude is 30° 17′ east, and latitude 3° 11' north? 20. What place is that whose longitude is 13o 2' east, and latitude 23° 8' north? 21. What place is that whose longitudė is 79o 50' west, and latitude 330° 22′ north? 22. What place is that whose longitude is 8° 30′ west, and latitude 51° 54' north? 23. What place is that whose longitude is 45' west, and latitude 56° (nearly) north? 24. What place is that whose longitude is 79o 50' west, and 12° latitude south? 25. What place is that whose longitude is 8o 35' west, and 40° 53' latitude north? 26. What place is that whose longitude is nearly 79 west, but which has no latitude? PROBLEM IV. To find the difference of latitude of any two places. Rule. If the places are in the same hemi |