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10. Why the genus is ordina-
rily made ufe of in defini-
tions.

11. General and univerfal are
creatures of the under-
ftanding.

12. Abstract ideas are the ef-

fences of the genera and

fpecies.

13. They are the workmanship

of the understanding, but

have their foundation in

the fimilitude of things.

14. Each diftinct abftract idea

is a diftinct effence.

15. Real and nominal effence.

16. Conftant connexion be-

tween the name and no-

minal effence.

17. Suppofition, that species

are diftinguished by their

real effences, useless.

18. Real and nominal effence

the fame in fimple ideas

and modes, different in

fubftances.

19. Effences ingenerable and

incorruptible.

20. Recapitulation.

CHA P. IV.

Of the names of fimple ideas.

SECT.

1. Names of fimple ideas,

modes, and fubftances, have

each fomething peculiar.

2. Firft, Names of fimple ideas
and fubftances, intimate
real existence.

3. Secondly, Names of fimple
ideas and modes fignify al
ways both real and nominal
effence.

4. Thirdly, Names of fimple
ideas undefinable.
5. If all were definable, it
would be a process in infi-
nitum.

6. What a definition is.
7. Simple ideas, why undefi-
nable.

8, 9. Inftances, motion.

10. Light,

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1. They stand for abstract ideas

as other general names.

2. First, The ideas they stand

for are made by the under-

standing.

3. Secondly, made arbitrarily,

and without patterns.

4. How this is done.

5. Evidently arbitrary, in that

the idea is often before the

existence.

6. Inftances, murther, inceft,

ftabbing.

7. But ftill fubfervient to the

end of language.

8. Whereof the intranflatable
words of divers languages
are a proof.

9. This fhows fpecies to be
made for communication.
10, 11. In mixed modes, it is the
name that ties the combi-
nation together, and makes
it a fpecies.

12. For the originals of mixed
modes, we look no farther
than the mind, which also
shows them to be the work-
manfhip of the understand-
ing.
13. Their being made by the
understanding without pat-

terns,

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19. Our nominal efferncerning facts. c. 16. § 6.

fubftances, not per

lections of proper

21. But fuch a colle&

name ftands fo

22. Our abftra

matters of fpeculation. § 12.

or rules of probability. § 7.

73.

OF

Human Understanding.

§. I.

BOOK I. CHAP. I. ·

Introduction.

SINCE it is the understanding, that

An enquiry into the understanding, pleafant and

useful.

fets man above the reft of fenfible beings, and gives him all the advantage and dominion, which he has over them; it is certainly a fubject, even for its noblenefs, worth our labour to enquire into. The underftanding, like the eye, whilft it makes us fee and perceive all other things, takes no notice of itfelf; and it requires art and pains to fet it at a distance, and make it its own object. But, whatever be the difficulties that lie in the way of this enquiry; whatever it be, that keeps us fo much in the dark to ourselves; fure I am, that all the light we can let in upon our own minds, all the acquaintance we can make with our own underftandings, will not only be very pleasant, but bring us great advantage, in directing our thoughts in the fearch of other things.

Defign.

§. 2. This, therefore, being my purpose, to enquire into the original, certainty, and extent of human knowledge; together with the grounds, and degrees of belief, opinion, and affent; I fhall not at prefent meddle with the phyfical confideration of the mind; or trouble myself to examine, wherein its effence confifts, or by what motions of our fpirits, VOL. I. B

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