Polirschiefer, composition of, 749.
Polistena, effects of volcanic action at,
432; view of fissures at, 432; view of
circular hollows at, 433.
Polynesia, population of, 598.
Polypi, tribes of, 572.

Pompeii, city, 212, 423-425, 781.
Pompey's pillar, 644.
Pomponius Mela, 535.
Pont-Royal at Paris, quantity of water
passing through the, 263.
Pools, wherein they differ from lakes,
308.

Population of the five regions of the
globe, 596

Porphyry, 651; composition of the
porphyries, 654.
Portici, city of, 410.
Portland, stone of the Isle of, 726-
728.

Port Royal in Jamaica, earthquake at,
and its effects, 386.

Portsoy, Banffshire, 644, 649, 651.
Post-tertiary system, 638, 641.
Potato, the, imported from the New
World to the Old, 567; not found
wild by Humboldt, 567; but dis-
covered by later authorities, 568.
Potosi, silver-mine of, 634.
Pottery-ware, felspar used in com-
pounding, 623.

Powis Castle rock illustrated, 627.
Pozzuoli, view of, 404; earthquakes at,
404.

Prairies of North America, 234, 589.
Presepe, constellation of, 159.
President steamer, presumed cause of
its loss, 340.

Prichard, Dr, his hypothesis of the dis-
tribution of plants, 564, 569, 572,
592; of the varieties of man, 599, et
seq.

Priestley, Dr, 519.
Primary limestone, 660.
Primitive man, place of the creation of,
609.

Principia, the, of Newton, 37; its esti-
mation by Laplace, 38.
Produce, abundant, of the cocoa-palm,
the date-palm, the sago-palm, and
the banana, or plantain, 557; of the
orange, potato, wheat, &c., 570.
Proteus anguineus, the, 571.
Prout, Mr, his felicitous remark on
rainbows, 533; on tropical animals,
584.

Pryme, Mr, 771.

Pterichthys, the, illustrated, €88, 689
Pterodactyle, the, 723, 724, 729.
Ptolemies, the, 10.

Ptolemy, the geographer, 3, 4, 11; was
a learned man, and made the Great
Collection, or Álmagest, 11; diagram
of the Ptolemean system, 12; theory
of epicycles, 13; his later followers
tried to amend his scheme, 14;
was a practical astronomer, 14;
speaks of vessels of oil being used to
observe eclipses, 16; mentions the
refraction of the atmosphere in his
treatise on optics, 25.
Pumice-stone, its porousness, 624.
Puy de Dome, 428; de Pariou, 428.
Pyrenees, valleys of the, 221; hot
springs of the, 270; line of snow on
the, 488; survey of the, 517; geology
of the, 634, 635, 649, 650.
Pythagoras, 7; his disciples had just
notions of the solar scheme, 7.
Python, the oriental, 579.

Quadrumana, order of, 595.
Quadrupeds, class of, 584; notices of
several individuals, 584-588; topo-
graphical distribution of, 588; the
Arctic region, 588; north temperate
region, 589; region of intertropical
and South America, 589; region of
intertropical and Southern Africa,

590; region of India, 590; region of
Australia, 591; flying, 591; animals
which have strayed out of bounds,
592; of the isles of the Pacific, 593.
Quarry, view of Old Lincoln, 675.
Quartz, what it is, and where found,

623; a component of granite, 644.
Quito, genial climate of the city of,
492; European corn first taken to,

567.

Races, mixed human, of America, 604.
Raffles, Sir Stamford, his account of
the volcano of Sumbawa, 210.
Rafts of wood originate floating islands,
593.

Rain, is the probable source of springs,
263; is all-important in fertilising
the earth, 462; amount of rain, 468;
distribution of, 469; in the tropics,
470; regions unvisited by, 471; or
overwhelmed with, 471, 472; annual
falls of, in various countries, 473;
in Britain, 473, 474.
Rainbow, the solar, how formed, 533;
view and description of the lunar,

534.
Ramsgate, singular phenomena seen at,
537.

Rapids, how produced, 283; of St
Anne, on the river Ottawa, 284; of
Richelieu, on the St Lawrence, 294.
Raratonga Island, hurricane in, 455.
Rats, 592.

Rattlesnake, the, 579.
Ravenspur, port of, 395.
Ray, the naturalist, 367.
Reciprocating springs, 266-268.
Red men, or copper-coloured races, 599,
603.

Red Sea, 317; its colour, 331; pre-
valent winds in the, 450.
Redfield, Mr, 455.
Refraction of the atmosphere, 52; in
the Polar Sea, view of the effects of,
543.

Regions of the globe, climates of the
various, 504-509, 597, 598; had
special races of animals and plants
assigned to them, 598; botanical, of
plants, 560-564.
Reid, Colonel, 453-455.

Reindeer, the, all-important to the Lap-
landers, 552; native region of the,
588, 594.
Relugas, torrential ravages at, 417-
420.
Remains, organic, of South America,
590; regular distribution of, 619;
found in unstratified layers, 635, et
al.; prodigious masses of animal, in
the earth's crust, 635, 636; vegetable,
637, 642.
Rennell, Major, 360, 370.
Reptiles, varieties of, 579; preceded
mammalia, 639; list of successive
fossil, 640, 641.
Resina, city of, 410.
Rhamni, region of the, 561.
Rhine, descent of the river, 281; colour
of its waters, 283; basin of the, 750.
Rhinoceros, the, 590; fossil, 755.
Rhone, glacier of the river, description
and view, 220; source of the, 278;
underground course of the, 291;
passes through Lake Leman, 320;
colour of its water, 331; its embou-
chure, 398; rise in the valley of the,
450; alluvium of, 776.
Rhynchosaurus, the, 713.
Rice-plant, locality of the, 553.
Richard, Abbé, 517.
Richardson, Dr, 528, 559, 580.
Richman, Professor, his death, 522.
Righi, Mont, 409; Pass, view of the,
409.

Rio Negro, or Black River, its
course and colour, 280, 283, 298,
299.

Ripplemarks in strata, 625, 631, 683,
716.
Rivers, chapter on, 278-308; sources
of various, 278; of the Nile, 279;
courses of, 279; islands in, 280; cur-
rents of, 281; nature and colour of
waters of, 282; cataracts and rapids,
283; of the St Lawrence, 284; of the
Ottawa, 284; of the Kaaterskill, 284;
of Trolhetta, 285; of Foyers, 286; of
Schaffhausen, 286; of Terni, 286; of
the Leeambye, 286; of Tequendama,
286; of Niagara, 287-290; erosive
action of, 290-292; rivers change
their levels, 292; many rise periodic-
ally, 293-297; annual overflow of
the latter, 294-296; notices of tropi-
cal floods in America, 296; of the
Orinoco, 297-299; classification of
streams, 299; the Angitas, 299, 300;
the Jordan, &c., 300; mouths of
rivers, 302, 303, 593; tables of the
great streams of the globe, 303, 304;
courses of the Amazon, 304; of the
Mississippi, 305-307; of the Nile,
307; denudation of the land by
rivers, 370-373; rivers disseminate
plant-seeds, 565; raft-islands formed
at the mouths of, 593; hold petrify-
ing matter in solution, 642.
Robinson, Dr, his researches in the
East, 262, 267, 274, 300, 315.
Rochefort, aspect and topography of,
238.

Rochet d'Hericourt, M., on the Bahr-
Assal, 317.

Rock or wall plants, 549.
Rockall, the remarkable island of,
199.

Rocks torn asunder by frozen water,
408; unstratified, 408; chapter on
the structure and classification of,
622-642; true nature of rocks, 622;
component parts of, 623, 624; struc-
ture of, 624; stratified and unstrati-
fied, 625; basalts, 626; stratified are
of aqueous origin, 627; varieties of,
627-630; peculiarities of structure,
630-632; Glen Tilt strata, 632;
metallic veins, 633-635; fossilifer-
ous and non-fossiliferous rocks, 635;
list of strata, by Dr Mantell, 636
table of, by Professor Phillips, 637;
arrangement by Lehman, 637; mani-
festations of past organic life in
rocks, 639-641; order of fossil re-
mains in strata, 640, 641; granitic,
644-651; trappean, 651-655; vol-
canic, 655, 656; Silurian, 669.
Rock-salt, 711; mines of, 712.
Rocky Mountains, 201, 552, 558, 589,

627.

Roemer, inventor of the transit instru-
ment, 32, 35.

Romans, the ancient, adverse to the
cultivation of the physical sciences,
17; their partiality for Baiæ, 403;
received the vine from the Greeks,
568.

Rome, city of, its volcanic site, 427.
Rosa, Mont, 650.

Rosiano, volcanic chasm in the district
of, 433.

Rosenberg, or Mount Ruffi, fall of the,
408-410.

Rose-tree, the, unknown in South
America, 558.

Ross, Captains, their discoveries and
observations, 101, 196, 327, 331, 337,
339, 341, 523.

Rosse, Earl of, his great telescope, 45,

186.

Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris,
its foundation and first members,
34.

Royal Society of London, its founda-

tion and early members, 34.
Rubbish, plants found on, 549.
Russegger and Bertou, Messrs, 316.

Sphænopteris Hæninghausi, the fossil
plant, 640.
Spitzbergen, notices of, 342, 345, 301,
588, 596.

of

Springs, chapter on, 259-278; oceanic,
259, 328; of Arethusa, 259;
Castaly, 260; of the deserts, 261;
Eastern, 262; origin of, 262-264;
perennial, 264; intermittent, 265;
Artesian, 265; reciprocating, 266; of
Siloam and others, 267, 268; thermal,
268-271; ebullient, 271; of the Iceland
Geysers, 271-273; origin of ebullient,
273; hot, of Turbaco, 274; inflam-
mable, 275; mineralized, list of prin-
cipal, and their qualities, 276;
dripping, at Knaresborough, 277; uses
of springs and the regard they have
been held in, 277; hot, at Mont d'Or
and Vichy, 429; petrifying quality
of, 640.

Squirrel, reference to the habits of the,
567; flying nocturnal, 591.
Stabiæ, city of, 424.

Stack Balloch-nan-fey, shining moun-
tain of, 661.

Staffa, description and view of the
basaltic cave of, 241, 626.
Staffordshire coal district, 701, 702.
Stalactites, how formed, 246; how
coloured, 248.

Stars, glance at the, 143-158; fixed,
are of immense use in science by
their apparent immobility, 143; yet
which attribute is not real, 177;
position, &c., of the, 157; number,
distance and magnitude of the, 158-
165; the fixed, are suns, 165; new,
variable, and compound, 166–179;
many have disappeared, 166; some
are but recently visible, 166; others
appear and disappear, 166; remark-
able instances of this, 167; specula-
tions regarding, and illustrative
diagram, 169; examples and list of
variable stars, 170, 171; speculations
regarding these, 172; multiple or
compound stars, 172-177; their
colours, 176; proper motions of, 177
-179; star-systems, 180-189.
Stars, falling, or meteoric showers,
some notices of, 137-143; as seen
during the middle ages, 187; in
modern times in Greenland by the
Moravian missionaries, 138; by Hum-
boldt, Bonpland, and Ellicott, in
America, 138; observed in other
regions, 139; remarkable one at the
falls of Niagara, &c., 140, 141; obser-
vations of M. Árago regarding, 141,
142; Professor Olmstead and Arago's
theories on, 142.

Statue of Peter the Great, 760.
Staunton, Sir George, 371.
Staurolite, 659.

Stella Mira, account of, with a diagram,
170.

Sternberg, Count, 707.
Stephens, Mr, the American traveller,
his account of the steppes of Russia,
224; of the Dead Sea, 315.
Stephenson, Mr, 558, 772.
Stewart, Dugald, his insensibility to
colour, 176.

Stigmaria, view of fossil, 705.
Stiper Stones, 674; view of the, 673.
Stirlingshire, vitality of plant-seeds dis-
interred in, 570.

Stocke, Dr, on dew, 481.
Stone, crumbling, of Bath and Oxford,
620; for building, importance of a
judicious choice of, 620.
Stonesfield slate, 725, 726.
Storeton hill quarries, 714, 715.
Storm, great, in England, of 1703, par-
ticulars of, by Derham, 452.
Stow's Annals, citations from, 527.
Strabo, 226, 368, 397, 423, 429; was a
geologist, 615.

Strata, list of, and their animal remains,
636; of the New Red Sandstone sys-
tem, in England, France, and Ger-
many, 708; its prevalence in Eng-
land, 709; scanty in Scotland, 710.
Stratified rocks, 625; era of aqueous
formation, 627;, views of inclined,
627; composes nearly all the surface
of Great Britain, 635; but only three-
fourths of Massachusetts, 635.
Stratus, or fallcloud, 464.
Stromboli, volcano of, 210.
Strontian, lead vein at, 658.
Structure of rocks, 622, et seq. See
Rocks.

Sun, savages prostrate themselves be-
fore the rising, 3; worship of the,
plausible reasons for, 3; transmission
of light and heat from the, to the
earth, 35; action of the, upon the
earth, 49, 53; rising of the, 50; is
constantly above the horizon for six
months at the north pole, 51; seems
larger at setting, why, 52; apparent
diameterof, 52; mean distance of, from
the earth, 53; direct light, amount
of, 53; calorific power of, 53, 57;
diameter of, 53; density of, 53;
spots on the disc of, 53-57; rotation
of, 54; setting of the, 63; density of,
106; supposed to have a movement
of translation in the universe, 178;
its diameter and composition, 189;
aids in causing tides, 353.
Suns, mock, or parhelia, 52, 530-532;
view of, 531.

Superficial accumulations over strata,
638.
Superior, Lake, 318, 321.
Susianic streams, the, 308.
Susquehanna River, description and
view of the, 280, 281.
Sussex marble, 728; chalk, 731.
Sutherlandshire, limestone of, 661.
Swarthfell in Cumberland, 653.
Sweden, aurora borealis in, 527; shores
of, 774.

Swine, varieties of, 601, 605, 606.

Tahiti, Island of, 610.

Talc, its qualities, 623; a component
of granite, 644; intermixed with
schist, 659.

Tameness of terrestrial birds, 581.
Tapir, the, 590.

Taurus, Mount, 312; view of cascade
in, 313.
Tchad, Lake, 311.

Telescope, the, a knowledge of, as-
signed by Sir W. Drummond to the
Greeks, Chaldeans, and Hindoos, 16;
that of Galileo imperfectly discovered
Saturn, 30; was in use before his
death for measuring angular dis-
tances, 32; and first applied to the
quadrant by Gascoyne, 32; is the
chief glory of the 17th century in
mechanical constructions, though at
first very rude, 32; Herschel's great,
44, 160; greater, of Lord Rosse, 45,
186.
Temperate regions, climate of, 505.
Temperature of the ocean, 335-338;
of the earth, causes and operation of
the various, 485-515; mean, how
ascertained, 496; uniformity in, 499;
relative, of southern hemisphere,
502.
Teneriffe, Peak of, 206, 213; strand of
the island of, 362; variety of climate
in the Peak of, 491.
Tequendama, Falls of the Funza at,

286.
Terebratula, fossil, 674.
Teredinæ, 742.

Teredo navalis, the, 572, 741.
Terni, description and view of the Falls
of, 286.
Tertiary system, 638, 641, 656; reigns
around London, 642; chapter on the,
737-751; order and classification of,
738; fossil shells of, 740; Eocene
period, 741-747; Miocene period,
747-750; Pliocene period, 750, 751.
Tertullian, his account of the Pontus

Euxinus, 508.

Teverone, or Anio, water-fall of the
river, near Tivoli, 286; ravages, past
and present, of its waters, 416.
Texture of rocks, 624.
Thales the founder of astronomy among
the Greeks, 6.

Thames, the river, 283, 498; view of a
fair on the ice of, in 1716, 512.
Thecodontosaurus, the, 713.
Theodomer marches his army across
the Danube, 509.
Theophrastus, number of plants known
to, 548.

Thermal springs, or hot-wells, 268-
271; abound most in volcanic dis-
tricts, 268; their probable sources,
209; those of Buxton, &c., 269; in a
Feejee island, 269; at Aix, in Prov-
ence, 270; at Baden-Baden, &c., 270;
some change their temperature, 270,
271; at Mont d'Or and Vichy, 429.
Thessaly, flood of, 387.
Thistle-seed, how disseminated, 565.

Thoresby, Mr, 535.
Thucydides, 433.

Thunder-storm, phenomena of a, and
its influences on the animal creation,
516.

Tiber, mouth of the river, 399; served
as a drainer, 427.

Tidal action on the British coasts, 372.
Tides and oceanic highways, chapter

on the, 349-369; distinction of
waves, tides, and currents, 349;
tides, operation of, 352; causes of,
surmised before Newton, but first
demonstrated by him, 352; explana-
tion of, with diagrams and chart,
353-357; various phenomena of,
357-359; currents, their operation,
359; Gulf Stream, 360, 362; arctic
current, 360; stream-currents, 361;
equatorial, 362-364; effects of ocean-
currents on navigation, 364; under-
currents, 365-367; shore-currents,
367-369; general observations on
tides and currents, 369.

Tierra del Fuego, notices of, 211, 556,
596, 597.

Tiger, the, 584, 590.

Tigris, subterranean course of the

river, 291; its periodical risings, 294.
Tilestone strata, 682, 683.

Tilgate forest, bones of fossil reptiles
in, 642, 730.

Timber trees, varieties and ages of,
549.

Titan's Piazza, view of, 626.
Titicaca, lake of, 312.

Tivoli, ravages of the Anio at, 416.
Toadstone, 655.

Tooth of the mastodon, 754.

Torpedo, the, 575.

Torrid zone, vegetation of the, 553-
557.

Tortoises, 579.

Totten, Colonel, 774.

Tournefort attempts to ascend Ararat,

203; his description of the grotto of
Antiparos, 247; of the vegetation of
Ararat, 557.

Touraine, geology of, 747.
Tourmaline, 649.

Towy, vale of the, 668; view of, 671.
Trachytic rock, 655, 650; lava, 656.
Trade-winds, 438-442.

Transit instrument, invention of the,
32; Roëmer's observations with it,
35.

Trappean rocks, 651-655.
Trees, their importance to man, 546;
size and age of, 549; beauty and
luxuriance of the tropical, 553-557;
fossil, 703.

Trent, the river, 283; red marly banks
of, 711.

Treuil coal-mine, vein of fossil trees
in, 704.

Triassic and Permian systems, €38;
chapter on the, 707-716.
Tribbioch, valleys of, 653.

Trilobites, description and illustrations
of, 671, 672, 674.

Trinidad, bituminous springs around
and in the island of, 275.
Tripergoli, ancient site of, 403.
Tristan d'Acunha, island of, 581.
Trolhetta, description and view of the
great falls of, 285.
Tropics, hurricanes in the, 451; alter-
nations of rain and drought in the,
470; beautiful plumage of the birds
of the, 582; qualities of animals in
the, 584; colours of animals in the,
601; climate of the, always deadly to
Europeans, 608.
Trosachs, the, 659.
Tufa, or travertin, 778.

Tulloch, Major, his statistics, 608.
Tunnel, Thames, 741.

Turner's Falls, Massachusetts, slab
found at, 715.

Tuzla, lake of, 312.

Twilight, duration of, 50.
Tyrolese Alps, characteristics and view
of the, 490.

Tycho Brahé, his birth and education,
22;
rejects the Ptolemean and
Copernican systems, and forms one
of his own, 22; explanation of his
views, 23; a better practical than
theoretical astronomer, 24; his ob-
servations and labours detailed, 24;
his castle of Uraniberg, in the island
of Hoëne, 25, 26; becomes an exile,
and settles at Prague, where he dies,
26; laid the basis of the discovery of
the universe's laws, 33.

Ulloa, Don Antonio, 527, 533.
Ulugh Beigh, a Tartar prince and astro-
nomer, 18; his catalogue of the
stars, 158.

Umbelliferous plants, botanical region
of the, 560.

Undercliff, Isle of Wight, view and
characteristics of, 391, 392.
Under-currents, 365-367.
Undulation, valleys of, illustrated, 630.
Undulatory movement of the Swiss and
Italian lakes, 320.

United States, climate of the, 494, 496,
497; tertiary deposits of the, 739,
751, 752; boulders of the, 761, et al.;
springs of, 777, 778.

Unities, various, of the solar system,

104.

Unity of the human race, 605, 607, 609.
Universe, the physical, has no limits
known to man, 48.

Unstratified rocks, 408; are of igneous
origin, 625; compose the bulk of the
earth's interior, 635.
Upheavings of the ancient world, 629,
et al.; of unstratified through strati-
fied rocks, illustrated, 631.
Ural river, 317; mountains, 645, 649;
gold found in the, 634.
Uranus, or Herschel, the planet, its
distance from the sun, 101; when
first observed, 101; length of its
day and year, 101; has six satellites,
their anomalous movements, 101,
191; amount of light and heat re-
ceived by, 102; area and solid con-
tents of, 102; inclination of, to the
earth, 104; density of, 106.
Urumiah, great lake of, 313.

Vadimon lake, now Lago di Bassaniello,
318.

Valais, canton of the, adventure of one
of its shepherds, 411; crétins of the
Lower, 459; climate of, 489, 490.
Valleys and great levels of the earth,
217-238; valleys, divers, 221, 222;
how formed, 629; of elevation and
undulation, illustrated, 630.
Valparaiso, elevation of the coast at,
406; the wild potato indigenous in,
568.

Van, Lake, 314.

Variable stars. See stars.
Varieties of the human species ac-
counted for, 598, et seq.
Vegetable tribes, 546-571; cultivated,
and fruits, account of the introduc-
tion of various, 567, 569; carbonate
of lime enters into the composition
of, 624; matter, fossiliferous, 637;
illustration of, 640.

Vegetation, luxuriant, of the tropics,
553; of equinoctial America, 555-
557, 586; not indispensable for the
subsistence of large animals, 585,
586.

Veins in strata, 632, 649; illustrations
of granitic, 633, 649; metallic, 633.
Velocity, mean, of the planets in their
orbits, 64.
Venetz, M., 765.

Venus, the planet, 64; her distance
from the sun, 64, 66; is a morning
and evening star, 66; was once called
Hesperus and Vesper, also Phos-
phorus and Lucifer, 66; her periodi-
cal revolution, 67; her size, 67; is
sometimes crescent and decrescent to
the view, 67; diagram of her phases,
67; transits the sun's disc, 68; her
future transits indicated, 68, 69; her
supposed physical constitution, 69;
superficial appearances, 69; inclina-
tion of, to the earth, 104; density of,
106.

Vesta, the planetoid, 91, 190.
Vesuvius, Mount, 212, 213, 410, 423-
430, 444; view of, from St Elmo,
445; snow on, 475; plants in the
crater of, 547; eruption of, in 1794,
654; eruptions of, 780, 781.
Via Lactea. See Milky-Way.
Vienna built on tertiary strata, 739.
Vince, Professor, 169; atmospheric
phenomena seen by, 537.

Vincent, St, volcanic eruption in that
island, 441; Scotch skipper's adven-
turous voyage to, 441; huge serpent
drifted to, 580; negroes in, 608.
Vines, region of, 491, 505; original
countries of, 568.

Virgil mentions shooting-stars, 180;

and Orion, 154; cited, 464, 467, 468,
508, 509, 690.

Vitality, tenacious, of plant-seeds, 569.
Vögel-bergs, or bird-rocks, 580.
Volant, view of basaltic rocks on the
river, 626.

Volcanic rocks, 655.
Volcano, origin of the term, 209, 433;
peculiarities of a, 209; list of vol-
canoes, 210; account of a huge vol-
cano in Hawaii, 210; and of another
in Sumbawa, 210; volcanoes in
South America, 211; Cotopaxi, 211;
various chains of volcanoes, 212;
Italian and other volcanoes, 212;
reflections, 213; volcanoes of Jorullo,
239, 240, 426; of Etna, 240, 426;
changes caused by, 423-430; by
Vesuvius, 423-425; Skaptar Yokul,
425; Roman, 427; in Auvergne, 427
-429; at Catecucaumene, 429, 430;
origin of, 433; phenomena of, 654;
erupted matter of volcanoes, 779—
783.

Volga, the seventy mouths of the river,
302; its source, 312.
Volney, M., his account of the simoom
in Egypt, 447.

Vosges mountains, situation and geo-
logy of the, 708.

Volta, M., his theory of hail, 478.
Vulcanists, the followers of Hutton,

618.

Warm regions, climate of, 505.
Washington, crumbling stone of the
Capitol at, 620.

Water, the five great basins of, 197; its
different states, 259; amount of,
discharged by the principal rivers in
the world, 303; colour of lake, 322,
331; of oceanic, 330-332; move-
ment of sea, 349; action of frozen,
408; amount of, annually evapo-
rated in Britain, 462; is formed of
oxygen and hydrogen, 622.
Waterloo Bridge, its two granites,
644.

Waterspouts, account of, with an illus-
tration, 457, 458.
Watson, Rev. J., 451.
Watt, Mr Gregory, 627.

Waves, how formed, 349; their charac-
teristics, 349, 350; height of, 369.
Wealden clays, perfect fossil shells
found in, 639; oolitic group, 718, 724,
728, 729.

Weaver, salt-rocks near the river, 712.
Weeding well, Derbyshire, 268.
Weight of various quadrupeds, 584.
Wells, Dr, his theory of dews, 480,

481.

Welsh lakes, characteristics of the, 324.
Wenlock group of Silurians, 675; corals,
678.

Werner of Freiberg, the illustrious
founder of modern geology, 617; his
Neptunian theory, 618.

West Indies, hurricanes in the, 453-
455.

Westmannshavn in the Farüe Islands,

extraordinary bird colony at, 580,

581.

Westminster Hall, stone of, 711.
Westphal and Hoffmann, their account
of the site of Rome, 427.
Wetter, Lake, 320.

Weymouth, burning hill at, 719.
Whale fishery, losses and perils of the,
340, 344, 345; tribes, 578.
Wheat grown from grains found in
Egyptian sepulchres, 570.
Whichwood Forest, 724.
Whinstones, 652.

Whitby Abbey, view of, 386; its
foundation and position, 394; am-
monites found near, 617, 720; burn-
ing cliff at, 719; lias of, 720; strata
near, 727.

White Mountain in the Alleghanies,
view of the, 419.

Winch, Mr N. J., his coal statistics,
697.

Winds, influence tides, 357; table of
the velocity of the, 437; are of three
kinds, permanent, periodical, and
variable (see Atmosphere), 437; of
Great Britain, tables of prevailing,
459, 460; influence evaporation, 462;
affect temperature, 496; also distri-
bution of animals, 592.

Winifred, well of St, account and view
of, 264.

Winters, severe, in England, 498;
chronological list of, in various re-
gions, 509-513.
Witham, Mr, 706.
Wolf, the, 592.

Wollaston, Dr, 543.

Women, complexions of, 599, 601.
World, one of the smallest provinces in
the great empire of nature, 2; chart
of the, 195.

| Wrath, Cape, 658, 681.
Wrekin, hill of the, 680.

Wye, contorted strata of the river, 627,
628; gorge of the, 630.

Xanthous, or fair-haired races of men,

599.

Yellow Sea, the, 329, 371.
Yokuls of Iceland, 207.
York minster, stone of, 711.
Yorkshire, chalk of, 734; peat of, 769;
sea-beach of, 773.
Young, Dr, 727.

Zamang del Guayre, a famous tree, 550.
Zambesi, Falls of the, 286.
Zante, bituminising springs in the
island of, 275.

Zigzag lamination in strata, 625.
Zimmerman, 588.

Zodiac, the, an imaginary zone or
girdle in the heavens, origin of the
signs of the, 5, 143; list of constella-
tions in the, 148, 149; Aries, 149,
150; Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, 150;
Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagit-
tarius, Capricornus, 151, 152; Aqua-
rius and Pisces, 152.

Zones of the globe, amount and rela-
tive proportion of land in the several,
196; tables of plants found in the
various, 551; torrid zone, vegetation
in the, 553; insect life in, 573;
human food in the various, 597.
Zoophytes, or plant-animals, 572; fos-
sil, 639.

Zug, Lake of, 408.
Zuider Zee, the, 390.

THE END.

Edinburgh:
Trinted by W. & R. Chambers.