Romans broke down the bridge behind
them. When the work was nearly fin-
ished, Horatius sent back his two com-
panions, and, as the bridge fell, he
plunged into the river, and swam to the
city in safety, amid the arrows of the en-
emy. The state had a statue erected in
his honor, and gave him as much land as
he could plough round in one day. See
an extract from Macaulay's ballad, page

208.

HORDE (hord), a clan; a company of wan-
dering people, dwelling in tents or wagons.
HO'REB, the northern end of a lofty moun-
tainous ridge in Arabia Petræa. In the
first of Kings, chapter 19, verses 8, 9, the
prophet Elijah is described as going to a
cave on Mount Horeb, and lodging there.
The poem (page 290) is founded on the
incident thus narrated:

"And, behold, the Lord passed by, and a
great and strong wind rent the mountains
and brake in pieces the rocks before the
Lord; but the Lord was not in the wind:
and after the wind an earthquake; but
the Lord was not in the earthquake:

"And after the earthquake a fire; but
the Lord was not in the fire: and after
the fire a still small voice."
HOR-I-ZON'TAL, on a level with the ho-ri'zon.
This word is from the Greek ori'zo, I
bound, limit.

HOUSEHOLD WORDS, a weekly magazine,
edited by Charles Dickens.

The Juvenile Culprit, 231.
HOW TO TELL BAD NEWS, 205.
HUM'BLE. The h in this word should be
sounded; though Walker pronounces it
um'bl. The root of the word is the Latin
humus, the ground.

HUNT, LEIGH, an English poet; born 1784.
The Bitter Gourd, by, 182.
Jaffar an Eastern Tradition, 183.
Ar DRO-GRAPH-IC-AL, relating to
a de-
scription of the sea, sea-coast, soundings,
&c.; also of rivers, lakes, and other
waters. The word is derived from the
Greek udor, water, and graph'o, I grave,
sketch or describe.

HYS'SOP (hiz'zup or hi'sup), a plant, the
leaves of which have an aromatic smell,
and a warm, pungent taste.

IN-EX-HAUST-I-BLE, that cannot be exhaust-
ed. Sound the h in this word.
INFINITUDE OF CREATION, page 219.
IN- FLECTION, the act of bending or turning
from a direct line or course; a slide of the
voice in speaking, either up or down. See
Remarks page 62; Exercises page 73.
IN-FRACT', to braak; violate.
IN'GOT, a mass or wedge of gold, or other
metal, cast in a mould.

IN-ITIAL (in-ish'al), beginning; placed at the
beginning; as, the initial letters of a

name.

IN-TER-JECTION, literally the act of throwing
between; hence a word, expressive of
emotion, thrown in between others. It is
from the Latin inter, between, and jacio,
I throw.

IN-TRENCH'MENT, a fortification, or parapet,
with a trench or ditch.

IN-TU-I-TIVE, seen by the mind immediately,
without the intervention of argument or
testimony.

IN'DUS-TRY. Remarks on, 296, 307.
IN-VERSION. See ¶ 192, page 67.
I-RON'I-CAL. See page 233.

IRVING, WASHINGTON, an admired American
author; born in New York 1783.

Life at Sea, page 185.

Is'o-LATE (iz'o-late), to place by itself; to de-
tach. The word is from the Italian isola,
an island.

IS'O-LA-TED, standing detached from others
of a like kind. From isola (Italian), an
isle.

ISTH-MUS (ist'mus), a neck or narrow slip
of land by which two continents are con-
nected, or by which a penin'sula is united
to the main land.

IT IS IMPOSSIBLE, page 311.

JAF-FAR'. The accent is on the last syl-
lable of this word. Pronounce it to rhyme
with star. See Bar'mec-ide (pronounced
Bar'mek-ide).

Jaffar an Oriental Tradition, 183.
JEFFERSON, THOMAS, the third President
of the United States. Born in Virginia,
1743; died on the 4th of July, 1826, sim-
ultaneously with John Adams, the second
President. Quoted page 276.

JO-AN OF ARC-otherwise called the Maid
of Orleans. See account of, p. 190.
JOHNSON, DR. SAMUEL, born at Litchfield, in
England, in 1709; died 1784. A celebrated
writer, and the author of the first good
dictionary of the English language.
Quoted page 274. Extract from his Story
of Rasselas, page 291.

JUNOT (ju-no-the j like the z in azure).
Andoche Junot, a distinguished French
general under Napoleon, was born 1791,
died 1813.

JU'PI-TER, the supreme deity among the
Greeks and Romans; sometimes called by
poets the thunderer.

KENTUCKY PIONEERS, page 152.
KHEMNITZER, a Russian poet, some of whose
writings have been translated by Dr.

John Bowring. See an extract from one
of his poems, page 143.
KNIGHT (nite). In ancient times the kings
and great chiefs were attended by a select
body of faithful companions, called
knights; that is, persons knit to them by
bonds of loyalty and personal attachment.
KNOWLES, JAMES SHERIDAN, a native of Ire-
land, born about the year 1795, and the
author of several successful plays. Ex-
tracts from his play of "William Tell,"
page 239.

KOTZEBUE, a German dramatic writer; born
1761, assassinated 1819. Extract from
his play of "Pizarro," as translated by
Sheridan, page 313.
KRUMMACHER (kroom'a-kur), FREDERICK
ADOLPHUS, a German clergyman and re-
ligious writer, whose "Parables" have
been justly admired. He was born at Teck-
lenburg in 1768; died at Bremen in 1845.
The Dream of Socrates, 230.
The Grain of Seed, 263.
The Two Ways, 305.

LAC'ER-ATE (lúss'er-ate), to tear; to rend.
LAC-ER-A'TION, the wound made by tearing;
the act of tearing.

LAIR, a hiding-place; the bed of a wild
beast. The word is from to lay.
LAMARTINE (Lam-ar-teen'), ALPHONSE DE,
a distinguished French writer; born 1790.
Reception of Columbus, 149.
LANDON, LETITIA ELIZABETH, an English
poetess, born 1802, died 1838. She be-
came Mrs. Maclean before she died.
Hannibal's Oath, page 310.

LAP WING, a bird of the plover family, called
also pewet.

LARCH (lartsh), a deciduous (not evergreen)
tree, of the fir kind.

LEAGUE, the length of three miles. The
measure is used chiefly at sea.
LEGEND (le'gend), a doubtful narrative; a
story the foundation of which is question-
able.

LEI'SURE. Between leshur and lazh'ur
there is little (says Smart), in point of
good usage, to choose.

LIC'TOR, an officer among the Romans, who
bore an axe and fasces (a bundle of rods)
as ensigns of his office. It was the duty of
lictors to apprehend and punish offenders.
LIQUID (lik'wid), fluid; flowing, or capable
of flowing. In grammar the
"liquid" is applied to elements that flow
into, and seem to be absorbed by, the ar-
ticulation that follows them; as 7 and r
in bla, bra; m, n and ng, in lamp, flint,
ring.

terin

LLE-WEL'LYN. By some nations of Celtic
origin at the beginning of words is
aspirated and doubled in writing, as in
the proper name Lloyd. See page 167.
LOKMAN. Account of, page 277.
LON-GEV'I-TY, great length of life. It is from

the Latin longus, long, and ævum, age.
LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADSWORTH, a well-
known American poet; born about 1809.

Extract from "Rain in Summer," p. 120.
LUS'TRE. This word is also spelled luster

by Webster. It is from the Latin lustrum,
a cleansing, a purification.
LU-CERNE (lu-zern), a lake of Switzerlanu,
near its centre. It is twenty-four miles
long, and from half a mile to two miles
broad.

MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON, an Eng-
lish historian and poet; one of the great-
est masters of English style. Born 1800.
From his Roman ballads, 208.
MACH'IN-A'TION (măk-ke-na'shun), an artful
design; a malicious scheme.
MAID OF ORLEANS, page 190.
MAM'MON, a word used in the Scriptures to
signify either riches or the god thereof.
By poetic license Milton makes Mammon
one of the fallen angels.
MAN'U-SCR.PT (from the Latin manu, with
the hand, scriptum, written), a book or
paper written, not printed; a writing.
MARL-PIT, a pit from which marl (a kind of
fertilizing clay) is dug.

MASSILLON, JEAN BAPTISTE, a celebrated

French preacher; born 1663, died 1742.
The Destiny of Man, 206.

MASSON, MICHEL, a modern French writer
author of "Celebrated Children of all
Ages and Nations."

Account of Volney Bekner, 156.
ME'DI-O-CRE (me'de-8-ker), middling; not

first rate.

MEED, reward; recompense.
ME-LEE (ma-la), a fight in which the com-
batants are mingled in one confused mass.
The word is French.

MEN'TOR, a wise and faithful adviser. Men-
tor was the friend and monitor of Te-lem'-
a-chus.

MENTZ, a town on the left bank of the Rhine
in Germany. It is sometimes written
Mainz and Mayence.

MERRY MONARCH, THE, page 233.
MILL-RACE, the current of water that drives
a mill-wheel, or the canal in which it is
conveyed.

MILLER, JOHANN, a German writer.

The Contented Man, page 86.
MILTON, JOHN, a great English poet, was
born in 1608, died 1674. Quoted p. 139.
MIN'U-ET, a stately, regular dance.
MINUTE. When used as an adjective (mean-
ing small) this word is pronounced mi-
nute'. As a noun, meaning a small por-
tion of time, it is pronounced min'it
Walker recommends that in solemn speak-
ing the orthographical pronunciation, or
that which is indicated by the spelling,
should be given to the noun; in other
words, that the u in the unaccented syl-
labie should have its regular long sound
We know of no good speaker, however.
who follows this direction.

MIRE BEAU (Mee'er-bo), a town of France,
near Poictiers (pwah-tee-a').
MIS'AN-THROPE, a hater of mankind. From
the Greek mi-seo, I hate, and anthropos,

man.

MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS, 180, 274.
MISSISSIPPI, SCENERY OF THE, page 213.
MIS'TLE-TOE (miz'zl-to), a plant or shrub that

grows on trees. It was held in great ven-
eration by the Druids. The word is less
properly speed miletoe.

also theter), a kind of crown
worn by thelarge on Bovethis occasions.
Mow-Y, to vary; to give a new form of
quality to a thing. A prefix modifies
the sense of a verb; the letter may
modify the wand of the preceding vowel,
MOUS-LATZ. This word is from the Latin
modulor, I tenure off, I regulate. Ap-
pied to sound, it means, to form sound
according to a certain key or pitch.
Mos o-Toak, unbray of sound. The
word is from the Greek minds, sungle, and
tense, Band.
Mo-soro-31, a dull and formal uniformity
of wand.

MONTGOMERY, JAMS, a celebrated English'
port, chiefly ceiforated for his devotional
poema; born 1771, died 1854.

The Press, by, page 84.
The Bul, 25.

MOORE, THOMAS, the most celebrated of Eng-
lish song-writers; born in Ireland in
1780, died 1852.

On the Puffing System, page 236.
MORE, HANNAH, an English authoress ; born
1744, died 1833. Quoted page 204.
MOULD'ER (moider). This word is spelled
without the u by Webster.
MO-ZAM-BIQUE' (mo-zám-beek), a strait of
the Indian Ocean, separating Madagascar
from the main land of E. Africa.
MC-SIC/I-PAL (mu-nis'se-pal), pertaining to a
city; as, municipal officers.
MUSKA. Among the Greeks and Romans
the Muses were inferior divinities supposed
to preside over poetry, literature, science
and the arts; whence they were often
invoked by poets. Their number, orig
inally three, was afterwards increased
to nine. Modern poets, in imitation of the
ancient, sometimes call upon the Muse,
in other words, the poetical faculty, to aid

0-LTMP-AS, pertaining to Olympus, a
mountain in Greece, fabled by the ancients
to be the abode of the gods.

0-64, the last letter of the Greek alpha-
bet. See Alpha.

OPTICAL, pertaining to vision, or sight. It
is from the Greek optimai, to see.
ORTHO--PIST, one who pronounces words
correctly, or is skilled in fixing their
right pronunciation.

OSBORNE. The following pieces under this
name are embraced in this volume:
Trust Not to Appearances, 93.
Not Afraid to be Laughed At, 99
Vivia Perpetua, 116.
Seeking and Finding, 168.
The Petulant Man, 194.
The Invention of Printing, 221.
The Beli of Safety, 251.

The Miser Fitly Punished, 272.
OSCIL-LATE, to swing; to vibrate.
OVERCOME EVIL WITH GOOD, 114.
OviD, a celebrated Latin poet, born B. C
43. Being exiled from Rome, he passed
much of his time in unmanly lamenta-
tions.

PA'GAN, a heathen; an idolater.
PAGEANT, a pompous show. This word is
pronounced pa'jent by Enfield, Perry,
Reid and Webster; paj'ent, by Walker,
Sheridan, Jameson, Smart, Knowles and
Worcester.

PALEY, WILLIAM, author of "Evidences of
Christianity," a celebrated English writer;
born 1743, died 1805.

Bountiful Design of Creation, 133.
PAL'FREY (pawl-tre), a small, gentle horse,
fit for ladies.

PAR'A-ELE, a short story, illustrating some
moral or religious truth.
PAR'A-MOUNT, superior; having ascendency
over all others.

PA-REN'THE-SIS. See pages 61, 72.
PAR'LIA-MENT (par'le-ment), the British leg'
islative assembly of Lords and Commons
PAR-ROT, THE, by Campbell, 304.
PARTS OF SPEECH, THE, 266.
PAUSE. See pages 66, 74.
PEC'CANT, guilty of sin.
peccans, sinning.

From the Latin

or persons by their names.

NOT AFRAID TO BE LAUGHED AT, 99.
NOUN, a part of speech, which generally ex-
presses the name (nomen in Latin) of the
thing spoken of, as horse, table, dark
ness. See page 267.

NOYES, PROFESSOR. His translation of the
19th Psalm, 310.

learning; boastful; ostentatious.
PED'ANT-RY, the unseasonable ostentation of
learning.

PELF, money; riches.

PE'LI-ON, a mountain in Thessaly, celebrated
in ancient my-thology. (By mythology
we understand a people's traditions in
regard to false gods, supernatural events

&c.) The giants in their war with the
gods are said to have tried to heap Pelion
and Ossa on Olympus, in order to scale
heaven.

From

PEN'DENT, hanging; overhanging.
the Latin, pendeo, I hang.
PETER THE GREAT AND THE DESERTER, 211.
PETERSBURG, ST., the capital of the Russian
empire, was founded by Peter the Great
in 1703.

PETULANT MAN, THE, 194.

PHARAOH (fa'ro), a name signifying, in the
Egyptian language, a king.
PHE-NOM'E-NON, an appearance; something
striking to the senses. The plural is
phe-nom'e-na.
PHI-LOS'O-PHY, the love of wisdom; a desire
to learn the reasons of things. The word
is from the Greek phileo, I love, sophia,
wisdom.

PIN'DUS, the ancient name of a lofty range
of mountains in northern Greece. By
the "Muse of Pindus" (page 302) is
meant the Muse supposed to have in-
spired the old Greek poets. See Muses.
PI-O-NEER', one who goes before to clear the
way.

PIQUE (peek), literally a puncture as from
something sharp; whence, an offence.
PITCH. See pages 69, 70, 71.
PLAINTIFF, he that makes a legal plaint;
opposed to defendant.

PLOUGH (plou), spelled also plow in the
English Bible and by Webster.
PLUMMER, EDWIN, poem by, 155.
POLY-CARP, a native of Smyrna. He suf-
fered martyrdom, as related in the ballad,
page 258.
As he was led to death, the
prætor offered him his life if he would re-
vile Christ. "Eighty and six years have
I served him," was the reply, "and he
never did me wrong; how, then, can I re-
vile my King and my Saviour?"
POOR RICHARD'S SAYINGS, 142.
POPE, ALEXANDER, one of the most renowned
of English poets ;-born 1688, died 1744.
Quoted page 138. His "Dying Christian
to his Soul," page 257
PORT-AU-PRINCE (pore-to-prăngse').
PRACTISE. The verb is spelled by most au-
thorities with an s; by Webster, with a c,
like the noun.
PRÆTOR, an officer among the ancient
Romans; a kind of judge.

PRAIRIE (pra're), an extensive tract of land,
level or rolling; sometimes dotted with
little isolated groves of trees. See Isolate
in Index.

PREP-O-SITION (prep-o-zish'un), in grammar
a word usually put before another to ex-
press a relation between different things.
It is from the Latin præ, before, and pono,
I put.
PRE-POS'TER-OUS, having that first which
ought to be last; absurd; perverted.
From the Latin præ, before, and pos'terus,
latter.

PRE-ROG'A-TIVE, a peculiar or exclusive
privilege. From the Latin præ, before,
and rogo, I ask.
PRE-SCRIPTION, Custom continued till it has

the force of law; also, a medical rec
i-pe.

PRESENCE OF MIND, ON, 87.

PRESS, the instrument used in printing;
whence the word is used to signify the art
of printing, as in the poem on page 84.
PRE-TENCE'. Spelled also pretense-
PRI'AM, King of Troy during the Trojan
war. He had fifty sons.
PRINTING, INVENTION OF, 221.
PRO'NOUN, a word used instead of a noun,
or to prevent the repetition of it. From
the Latin pro, for, and nomen, name.
PRYTH'EE, OF PRITH'EE, a corruption of pray
thee; often used without the pronoun,
and meaning I pray thee.

PUFF, as used by Moore, page 235, a tumid
or exaggerated commendation.
PUNS, ON, page 189.
PYRE, a funeral pile.

QUAN'TI-TA-TIVE, estimable according to
quantity.

QUEEN ISABELLA'S RESOLVE, 145.
QUER'U-LOUS, complaining; disposed to
murmur. Latin queror, I complain.

RAB'BI (răb'bi), a title assumed by the Jew-
ish doctors, signifying master or lord.
RABUTIN (rã-bu-tăng), a French satirist,
who, being imprisoned for a libel, com-
plained bitterly of his fate. Died 1693.
RAM PART, an elevation round a fortified
place; a fortification; a mound.
RASSELAS, Extract from, 271.
RA'TIONS, the share of provisions allowed to
soldiers or seamen.

RA-VINE (ră-veen'), a long, deep hollow worn
by a stream or torrent. As used by
Coleridge (page 256), this word should be
accented on the first syllable, in order to
preserve the harmony of the verse.
RECK, to care; to heed. "What recks it,"
signifies "What matters it."
RE-CON-NOI'TRE, to view; to survey; par-
ticularly for military purposes. Spelled
reconnoiter by Webster.
RE-DUN'DANT, superfluous; exceeding what
is sufficient.
RE-FINE'MENT.

As used page 268, this
word means "an improvement that might
have been dispensed with."
REG-I-CIDE (rej'i-sid), a king-killer. From
the Latin rex, a king, and cædo, I kill.
REG'U-LUS, THE RESOLVE OF, 187.
RE-VOLT', to fall off from; to desert. This
word is pronounced re-volt' by Walker,
Smart, Jameson and others; re-volt' by
Sheridan, Enfield, Webster,
RHE-TOR'I-CAL, relating to rhetoric, or the
art of persuasion; figurative; oratori-
cal.

RHYTHM (rithm), the effect of the cadences
in music or speech. According to Walker,
Webster and Smart, the th of this word
should be aspirate, as in thin.
RICHELIEU. Pronounced Reesh'lů.
ROCHE. Ban de la Roche (Ban dur lar Rō-sh).
ROLLA AND THE SENTINEL, page 313.
ROSCOE, WILLIAM, an English writer; born
1753, died 1831.

The Butterfly's Ball, 121.
ROTHSCHILDS, THE, 268.
RO-TUN DI-TY, roundness.

BOU-EN (roo-ang-the a as in father,, an ancient city of France, on the river Seine. ROUSSEAU (roos-sō'), JEAN JAQUES, a French writer of celebrity; born at Geneva, Switzerland, in 1712, died 1778. There is much that is good and much that is bad in his writings.

Our Obligation to Live, 264. RU'MI-NATE, to chew the cud; whence, to meditate over and over.

RUSSIA (ru'she-a-the u as in rude; or, rush'e-a). The Russian empire extends over the north-eastern part of Europe, over the whole of northern Asia, and the northwestern coast of North America.

BA-BRE (sa bur), a short sword, a little curved towards the point. Spelled saber by Webster.

SAC'RI-FICE. According to both Webster and Walker the last syllable of this word should in all cases be pronounced fize. According to Smart the verb should have this sound, but the c in the last syllable of the word, when used as a noun, should have the thirty-first elementary sound (see page 18).

SALT-LICKS, places where buffaloes and other beasts lick for salt near salt-springs. SAR-CAS'TIC, satirical; taunting; scornful. The Greek word sarkazo, from which this word is derived, means "I tear flesh." SA TRAP, in Persia the governor of a province. Pronounced sa'trap by Webster, Smart, Worcester; by some authorities, săt rap.

SCEPTRE (sep'ter), the staff borne in the

hand by kings as the ensign of authority. Spelled also scepter by Webster. SCHIL'LER (shill'er), a celebrated German poet; born 1759, died 1805. He wrote a play on the story of William Tell. It is more consistent with history and with the true character of Tell than Knowles's play of the same name. See Extract page 281. SCHOOL. This word, being derived from the Greek schol-e (leisure, vacation from business), falls under the rule, ¶ 67, page 26, relative to the sound of ch. SCOTT, SIR WALTER, an eminent Scottish author; born in Edinburgh 1771, died 1832. Anecdote of, page 172. Quoted page 306.

Love of Country, 137.

SEVENTH PLAGUE OF EGYPT, 173. SHAKSPEARE, WILLIAM, the greatest of Eng lish poets; born at Stratford on the Avon in 1564, died 1616. Quoted pages 73, 138, 139, 218. His name is spelled sometimes Shakespeare and Shakspere. SHAM'BLES, a flesh-market; a place where butcher's meat is sold.

SHAR'ON, a district of Palestine, celebrated for its extraordinary beauty and fertility. SHONE. Pronounced shone by Webster, Enfield and others; shon, by Walker. SHORT POETICAL EXTRACTS, 137, 202, 255. SHROUDS, the ropes extending from the masts to the sides of a ship, to protect the masts from the action of the wind. See 158, page 58.

SI-LO AM, a fountain under the walls of Jerusalem, on the east, between the city and the brook Kidron. The waters of this fountain ebb and flow. The fact has not been accounted for; but testimony is borne to it by as recent a traveller as Dr. Robinson.

SILVAN, relating to woods; shady. SMACK, a small vessel, commonly rigged as a sloop, employed mostly in the coasting trade.

SMITH, HORACE, an English poet and essayist; born 1779, died 1849.

Good Advice, 209.

SMITH, SYDNEY, an English clergyman and a celebrated wit; born 1768, died 1845. On Objections to Reform, 262. SMOUL'DER, burning and smoking without vent. Spelled also smolder by Webster. Soc'RA-TES. See pages 111, 230. SON'NET, properly a poem of fourteen lines only, divided into four stanzas, with only four changes of rhyme, varied in general thus: 1221; 1221; 343;434: but English writers seldom keep to the strict law. Milton and Wordsworth have written some of the best sonnets in our language. See page 255.

SOOTH'SAYER (the th aspirate as in thin), a predicter; a fortune-teller. SоPH'IST-RY, fallacious reasoning. A soph'ist is one who teaches or practises the arts of subtle but fallacious reasoning. SOUTHEY, ROBERT, a celebrated English poet; born 1774, died 1843.

The Old Man's Comforts, 115. SOUTHEY, MRS., an English poetess, wife of Robert Southey. She died 1854. Her maiden name was Caroline Bowles. The Christian Mariner, 302. SPENCER, WILLIAM ROBERT, an English poet; born 1770, died 1824. Llewellyn, by, 167. SPLEEN, a part of the bowels of animals. Its use is not well understood; it is the supposed seat of melancholy, anger, or vexation; whence, in the time of Pope and Addison, it was the fashionable name for what was also called vapors, and is now, by various phrases, attributed to the

nerves.

SQUIRREL. Pronounced skwir rel, skwer 'rel or skwur rel; Webster says skwer rel or skwur'rel; Walker and Smart, skwer'rel