rebellion or rebel, which might be interpreted by some of the parties present as a personal insult. It was also esteemed more polite even for stanch Whigs to denominate Charles Edward the Chevalier than to speak of him as the Pretender; and this kind of accommodating courtesy was usually observed in society where individuals of each party mixed on friendly terms,

NOTE 30.-ST. JOHNSTONE'S TIPPET, p. 239.

Literally a halter. Perth was formerly known as St. John's Town, from the name of the tutelary saint. In an old poem by H. Adamson (1638) there occurs the proverbial saying:

And in contempt, when any rogue they see,

They say, Saint Johnstone's ribbon's meet for thee.

This proverb, says the editor of Adamson in 1774, is well understood in Perth and through the shire. It is applied to people who deserve to be hanged.-(Laing.)

NOTE 31.-ENGLISH JACOBITES, p. 245.

The Jacobite sentiments were general among the western counties and in Wales. But although the great families of the Wynnes, the Wyndham, and others had come under an actual obligation to join Prince Charles if he should land, they had done so under the express stipulation that he should be assisted by an auxiliary army of French, without which they foresaw the enterprise would be desperate. Wishing well to his cause, there fore, and watching an opportunity to join him, they did not, nevertheless, think themselves bound in honour to do so, as he was only supported by a body of wild mountaineers, speaking an uncouth dialect, and wearing & singular dress. The race up to Derby struck them with more dread than admiration. But it is difficult to say what the effect might have been had either the battle of Preston or Falkirk been fought and won during the advance into England.

NOTE 32-DIVISIONS AMONGST THE JACOBITES, p. 248.

Divisions early showed themselves in the Chevalier's little army, not only amongst the independent chieftains, who were far too proud to brook subjection to each other, but betwixt the Scotch and Charles's governor O'Sullivan, an Irishman by birth, who with some of his countrymen bred in the Irish Brigade in the service of the King of France, had an influence with the adventurer much resented by the Highlanders, who were sensible that their own clans made the chief or rather the only strength of his enterprise. There was a feud, also, between Lord George Murray and John Murray of Broughton, the Prince's secretary, whose disunion greatly embarrassed the affairs of the adventurer. In general, a thousand different pretensions divided their little army, and finally contributed in no small degree to its overthrow.

NOTE 33.-FIELD-PIECE IN HIGHLAND ARMY, p. 272.

This circumstance, which is historical, as well as the description that precedes it, will remind the reader of the war of La Vendée, in which the royalists, consisting chiefly of insurgent peasantry, attached a prodigious

nd even superstitious interest to the possession of a piece of brass ordsance, which they called Marie Jeane.

The Highlanders of an early period were afraid of cannon, with the noise nd effect of which they were totally unacquainted. It was by means of hree or four small pieces of artillery that the Earls of Huntly and Errol, in ames VI.'s time, gained a great victory at Glenlivat, over a numerous Highland army, commanded by the Earl of Argyle. At the battle of the Bridge of Dee, General Middleton obtained by his artillery a similar success, the Highlanders not being able to stand the discharge of musket's nother, which was the name they bestowed on great guns. In an old ballad by Lon the battle of the Bridge of Dee these verses occur:

But the Highlanders of 1745 had got far beyond the simplicity of their forefathers, and showed throughout the whole war how little they dreaded artillery, although the common people still attached some consequence to the possession of the field-piece which led to this disquisition.

NOTE 34.-ANDERSON OF WHITBURGH, P. 284.

The faithful friend who pointed out the pass by which the Highlanders moved from Tranent to Seaton was Robert Anderson junior of Whitburgh, a gentleman of property in East Lothian, He had been interrogated by the Lord George Murray concerning the possibility of crossing the uncouth and marshy piece of ground which divided the armies, and which he described as impracticable, When dismissed, he recollected that there was a circuitous path leading eastward through the marsh into the plain, by which the Highlanders might turn the flank of Sir John Cope's position without being exposed to the enemy's fire. Having mentioned his opinion to Mr. Hepburn of Keith, who instantly saw its importance, he was encouraged by that gentleman to awake Lord George Murray and communicate the idea to him. Lord George received the information with grateful thanks, and instantly awakened Prince Charles, who was sleeping in the field with a bunch of pease under his head. The adventurer received with alacrity the news that there was a possibility of bringing an excellently provided army to a decisive battle with his own irregular forces. His joy on the occasion was not very consistent with the charge of cowardice brought against him by Chevalier Johnstone, a discontented follower, whose

"Memoirs" possess at least as much of a romantic as a historical charac Even by the account of the Chevalier himself, the Prince was at the hesi of the second line of the Highland army during the battle, of which he says "It was gained with such rapidity that in the second line, where I was st by the side of the Prince, we saw no other enemy than those who we lying on the ground killed and wounded, though we were not more than f paces behind our first line, running always as fast as we could to overtake the This passage in the Chevalier's "Memoirs " places the Prince within fi paces of the heat of the battle, a position which would never have beent choice of one unwilling to take a share of its dangers. Indeed, unless chiefs had complied with the young adventurer's proposal to lead the v in person, it does not appear that he could have been deeper in the action

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NOTE 35.-DEATH OF COLONEL GARDINER, p. 287.

The death of this good Christian and gallant man is thus given by hi affectionate biographer, Dr. Doddridge, from the evidence of eye-witness: 'He continued all night under arms, wrapped up in his cloke, and g erally sheltered under a rick of barley which happened to be in the field About three in the morning he called his domestic servants to him, d which there were four in waiting. He dismissed three of them with most affectionate Christian advice, and such solemn charges relating to the performance of their duty, and the care of their souls, as seemed plainly to intimate that he apprehended it at least very probable he was taking his las farewell of them. There is great reason to believe that he spent the little remainder of the time, which could not be much above an hour, in those devout exercises of soul which had so long been habitual to him, and to which so many circumstances did then concur to call him. The army was alarmed by break of day by the noise of the rebels' approach, and the attack was made before sunrise, yet when it was light enough to discern what passed. As soon as the enemy came within gun-shot they made a furious fire; and it is said that the dragoons which constituted the left wing immediately fled. The Colonel at the beginning of the onset, which in the whole lasted but a few minutes, received a wound by a bullet in his left breast, which made him give a sudden spring in his saddle; upon which, his servant, who had led the horse, would have persuaded him to retreat, but he said it was only a wound in the flesh, and fought on, though he presently after received a shot in his right thigh. In the mean time it was discerned that some of the enemies fell by him, and particularly one man who had made him a treacherous visit but a few days before, with great professions of zeal for the present establishment.

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Events of this kind pass in less time than the description of them can be written, or than it can be read. The Colonel was for a few moments supported by his men, and particularly by that worthy person LieutenantColonel Whitney, who was shot through the arm here, and a few months after fell nobly in the battle of Falkirk, and by Lieutenant West, a man of distinguished bravery, as also by about fifteen dragoons, who stood by him to the last. But after a faint fire, the regiment in general was seized with a panic; and though their Colonel and some other gallant officers did what they could to rally them once or twice, they at last took a precipitate flight. And just in the moment when Colonel Gardiner seemed to be mak ing a pause to deliberate what duty required him to do in such a circum

nce, an accident happened, which must, I think, in the judgment of thehry worthy and generous man, be allowed a sufficient apology for extering his life to so great hazard, when his regiment had left him. He saw arty of the foot, who were then bravely fighting near him, and whom he 3 ordered to support, had no officer to head them; upon which he said erly, in the hearing of the person from whom I had this account, hose brave fellows would be cut to pieces for want of a commander,' or rds to that effect; which while he was speaking he rode up to them and ed out aloud, Fire on, my lads, and fear nothing.' But just as the rds were out of his mouth, a Highlander advanced towards him with a the fastened to a long pole, with which he gave him such a deep wound his right arm, that his sword dropped out of his hand; and at the some ne several others coming about him while he was thus dreadfully enngled with that cruel weapon, he was dragged off from his horse. The oment he fell, another Highlander, who, if the king's evidence at Carle may be credited (as I know not why they should not, though the unappy creature died denying it), was one Mac-Nought, who was executed Spout a year after, gave him a stroke either with a broadsword or a Lochaer-axe (for my informant could not exactly distinguish) on the hinder art of his head, which was the mortal blow. All that his faithful attendnt saw further at this time was that, as his hat was fallen off, he took it a his left hand and waved it as a signal to him to retreat, and added, what were the last words he ever heard him speak, 'Take care of yourself'; pon which the servant retired."-"Some remarkable Passages in the Life f Colonel James Gardiner." By P. Doddridge, D.D. London, 1747, p. 187.

I may remark on this extract, that it confirms the account given in the text of the resistance offered by some of the English infantry. Surprised by a force of a peculiar and unusual description, their opposition could not be long or formidable, especially as they were deserted by the cavalry and those who undertook to manage the artillery. But, although the affair was soon decided, I have always understood that many of the infantry showed an inclination to do their duty.

NOTE 36.-LAIRD OF BALMAWHAPPLE, P. 288.

It is scarcely necessary to say that the character of this brutal young Laird is entirely imaginary. A gentleman, however, who resembled Balmawhapple in the article of courage only, fell at Preston in the manner described. A Perthshire gentleman of high honour and respectability, one of the handful of cavalry who followed the fortunes of Charles Edward, pursued the fugitive dragoons almost alone till near Saint Clement's Wells, where the efforts of some of the officers had prevailed on a few of them to make a momentary stand. Perceiving at this moment that they were pursued by only one man and a couple of servants, they turned upon him and cut him down with their swords. I remember, when a child, sitting on his grave where the grass long grew rank and green, distinguishing it from the rest of the field. A female of the family then residing at Saint Clement's Wells used to tell me the tragedy, of which she had been an eye-witness, and showed me in evidence one of the silver clasps of the unfortunate gentleman's waistcoat.

NOTE 37.-SIMPLICITY OF THE HIGHLAND INSURGENTS, p. 289. Several instances of Highland simplicity were told as having happened during the insurrection, of which one or two are alluded to in the present chapter. One Highlander, having possessed himself of an officer's watch sold it to another person for a shilling. Being told it was worth a great deal more, he answered, "That may have been the case when she (the watch, which he took for a living animal), was living, but she wa dead when her nainsell sold her." The watch, it seems, was silenced for want of winding up, which Donald supposed was owing to its death.

While they were in Edinburgh the Highlanders sometimes alarmed the inhabitants by presenting a gun or pistol, but as their demand, thus for midably enforced, seldom exceeded a penny, it could not be much com plained of in the circumstances.

They found cakes of chocolate in the plunder of the camp of the regulars, which they called "Johnnie Cope's plaister."

NOTE 38.-ANDREA DE FERRARA, p. 300.

The name of Andrea de Ferrara is inscribed on all the Scottish broadswords which are accounted of peculiar excellence. Who this artist was, what were his fortunes, and when he flourished, have hitherto defied the research of antiquaries; only it is in general believed that Andrea de Ferrara was a Spanish or Italian artificer, brought over by James the IV. or V. to instruct the Scots in the manufacture of sword blades. Most barbarous nations excel in the fabrication of arms; and the Scots had attained great proficiency in forging swords so early as the field of Pinkie; at which period the historian Patten describes them as all notably broad and thin, uni versally made to slice, and of such exceeding good temper that, as I never saw any so good, so I think it hard to devise better."-Account of Somerset's Expedition.

It may be observed that the best and most genuine Andrea Ferraras have a crown marked on the blade.

NOTE 39.-HEROISM OF A LADY, p. 805.

The incident here said to have happened to Flora Mac-Ivor actually be fell Miss Nairne, a lady with whom the author had the pleasure of being acquainted. As the Highland army rushed into Edinburgh, Miss Nairne, like other ladies who approved of their cause, stood waving her handkerchief from a balcony, when a ball from a Highlander's musket, which was discharged by accident, grazed her forehead. "Thank God," said she, the instant she recovered, "that the accident happened to me, whose principles are known. Had it befallen a Whig, they would have said it was done on purpose.'

NOTE 40.-PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD, p. 346.

The Author of "Waverley" has been charged with painting the young adventurer in colours more amiable than his character deserved. But having known many individuals who were near his person, he has been