Average 116,392 11,639 Average In a former comparative estimate, we considered that the whole capital required for a manufactory in Virginia, would cost 14 per cent. less than a similar establishment in the northern states; but, to balance that difference, that the natural interest of money was somewhat lower with them than with us; and that the price of ordinary labour was, according to the most liberal estimate, less than one half that which it bears in those states. Estimating it, however, only at one half, and the raw material at the same price, then the manufactured commodity which would cost with them one hundred dollars, would cost in Virginia but eighty-four dollars and a half; making a difference in our favor of fifteen and a half per cent. Thus: In comparing the same constituents of price with those in England, we considered the amount of capital required to be the same in both countries, the items that were cheaper in one, being balanced by those that were cheaper in the other. But as interest is much lower in England, we will estimate the profits at one-fourth, or 25 per cent. less than they are in Virginia. The wages of labour, we have seen, are about 7 per cent. higher there than in this state (115.44 to 107;) and the raw material (wool) we will now suppose to be 25 per cent. lower. A manufacture of this article which will cost $100 in the northern states, and $84 50 in Virginia, will, estimated on the preceding principles, cost in England $68.31, or nearly 20 per cent. less than in this state. Thus: Supposing the comparative wages and profits in that country and in Virginia to be as before stated, and the raw material to be 25 per cent. cheaper with us, then the cotton fabric which cost $100 there, would cost here $102 05 Thus: Raw material. Wages Profits $18 75 39 30 44 00 $102 05 It would thus appear that woollen fabrics may be manfactured in Virginia within 20 per cent as cheaply as in England, and cotton fabrics within 2 per cent, supposing we could add skill to all the other requisites for manufacturing. The view that has been herein taken of the capacities of our manufacturers to enter into competition with the manufacturers of England, in our own markets, are very different from those taken by the Southern Review No. IV. in the article on the tariff. But although we highly respect the talents of the writer, and can make every allowance for his well grounded complaints of the tariff, we cannot assent to his reasoning on the subject of American manufac on the 11th. instant--on which day the General Examination will commence. This will continue six days, and, on Saturday the eighteenth, Orations will be delivered in the Rotunda and Collegiate business transacted, at which the public are invited to be present. tures. The wide difference of our results | Visiters of this University will take place from those of the reviewer in our respective estimates of the cost of manufactures in England, and in this country, arises, 1st. From his not distinguishing between that part of the manufacturing capital which is cheaper in this country and that which is cheaper in England. 2d. From his overrating the difference of interest between the two countries, and probably the difference in the price of manufacturing labour. 3d. and lastly, from his considering that distribution of the elements of price which was suited only to an average of coarse and fine fabrics, as applicable to any description of them, separately. The conclusions to which we have arrived seem to receive strong confirmation from the concurring statements of many of the most intelligent and respectable witnesses, examined by the committee of Congress, as Mr. Pierce of New Hampshire; Col. Shepherd, Mr. Wolcott, Mr. Clapp and Mr. Marland of Massachusetts; Mr. Dupont and Mr. Young of Delaware, and Mr. Dickinson of Ohio, all of whom declared their belief that we could manufacture wool in the United States as cheap as they could in Great Britain, provided we could get the raw material as cheap: and whatever deductions may be made for the bias under which these gentlemen may be supposed to have formed their opinions, and however we may believe them mistaken, it is conclusively proved that we are able to furnish the domestic market with some species of cotton fabrics cheaper than it could be furnished from abroad, since we can contend with the British, as to these in foreign markets not only without any advantage from our Tariff, but after having incurred the expense of distant transportation. MR. ROSCOE. The venerable author of Leo X. and Lorenzo de Medicis has been, this year, selected as one of the two men of letters, to be distinguished by being presented with a gold medal (of £50 or $222) which the king of Great Britain places annually at the disposal of the Royal Society of Literature. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. Meeting of Visiters-Public Examination, &c. The meeting of the Board of The arrangement of the exercises for the public day will be given hereafter. The following is the general plan of Examinations &c. adopted by the Faculty. 1. At the close of the Session, the Chairman of the Faculty shall appoint, for the Examination of each School, a Committee consisting of the Professor of that School, and of two other Professors. 2. The Professor shall prepare, in writing, a series of questions to be proposed to his Class, at their examination, and to these questions he shall affix numerical values, according to the estimate he shall form of their relative difficulty, the highest number being one hundred. The list thus prepared shall be submitted to the Committee for their approbation. In the schools of languages, subjects may also be selected for oral examination. 3. The times of examination for the several Schools shall be appointed by the Chairman. 4. At the hour appointed, the students of the class to be examined shall take their places in the Lecture room, provided with pens, ink and paper. The written questions shall then, for the first time, be presented to them, and they shall be required to give the answers, in writing with their names subscribed. 5. A majority of the committee shall always be present during the examination; and they shall see that the Students keep perfect silence, do not leave their seats, and have no communication with one another, or with other persons. When, in the judgment of the committee, sufficient time has been allowed for preparing the answers, the examination shall be closed, and all the papers handed in. 6. The Professor shall then carefully examine and compare all the answers, and shall prepare a report, in which he shall mark, numerically, the value which he attaches to each; the highest number for any answer being that which had been before fixed upon as the value of the corresponding question. For the oral examinations, the values shall be marked at the time by the Professor with the approbation of the committee, but the number attached to any exercise of this kind shall not exceed twenty. 7. This Report shall be submitted to the committee, and if approved by them, shall be laid before the Faculty, together with all the paper connected with it, which are to be preserved in the archive of the University. 8. If the Professor of a school shall be discontented with any measure of the other members of the committee respecting his examination, he may make an appeal to the Faculty, whose decision shall be conclusive. Graduates. The Examinations for graduation in the various schools of the University are now going on. The number of candidates is thirteen. Meeting of Overseers of Harvard University. On Thursday there was an ad9. The students shall then be arranged into journed meeting at the Senate Chamber, three separate Divisions, according to the merit of the Board of Overseers of Harvard Uniof their examinations as determined by the fol-versity, for the purpose of acting upon lowing method.—The numerical values attached to all the questions are to be added together, and also the values of all the answers given by each student. If this last number exceeds 3-4ths of the first, the student shall be ranked in the first division, if it be less than 3-4ths, and more than 1-4th, in the second; and if less than 1-4th, in the third. 10. On the last day of the session, all the students of the University shall be assembled in the Rotunda, when the public shall be invited sundry nominations of the corporation, and other business; His Excellency Gov. Lincoln presiding. The nomination of the Hon. Joseph Story as Dane Professor of Law was confirmed. John H. Ashmun, Esq. was also appointed, in concurrence, Royal Professor of Law, which completes the Law School at the University. Rev. Henry Ware, Jr. was appointed, in concurrence, Professor and Superintendent in the The to witness the results of the examination. Theological school. Alanson Brigham was ap business of the day shall be arranged and conducted by the Chairman, who shall preside on the occasion. pointed Proctor, and committees were nominated for the purpose of visiting the University and Library, examining the Treasurer's accounts, &c. The Board then adjourned. NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS. &c. Each of the Professors shall, on the call of the Chairman, mention the result of the examination of his school, reading the questions proposed, naming the students who are most proficient and calling upon one or more of them, through the Chairman, to read the answers previously select-R, ZY and INO. ed by the committee, the black board being used if necessary. On this occasion, addresses shall be delivered, and essays read by the students, the whole number not to exceed six. The speakers and writers shall be chosen by the chairman, and their compositions shall be submitted to him for his approbation. On this day, also, certificates and diplomas shall be delivered to the graduates; and, in general, such business shall be transacted, and such communications made as may be considered appropriate to the occasion, and of public interest. The Editors have to apologize for several typographical errors in the last number, occasioned by unavoidable circumstances, which can scarcely occur again. * Erratum, Page 40-for Sonnet II-to the Moos, read to the MORN. The Editors will thank their contributors not to allow their communications to exceed six printed pages, unless the subject admits of di vision. Advertisements, when of a purely literary character, will be inserted on the last page of the Journal. It is the intention of the Editors to offer, occa sionally, as a premium, a copy of the 'Museum' for one year, for the best essay, not exceeding six pages, written by a Student of the University, on subjects to be specified. Authors and Publishers, desirous of having works noticed in the Museum, must transmit them free of expence, to the Editors at the University. PUBLISHED BY F. CARR. University Press.-JAMES ALEXANDER, Printer. HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY P40511 GRATIS 1929 VIRGINIA LITERARY MUSEUM AND JOURNAL OF BELLES LETTRES, ARTS, &c. Published every Wednesday.-Terms, five dollars per annum, to be paid in advance. "POSCENTES VARIO MULTUM DIVERSA PALATO"-Hor. Lib. ii. Ep. 2. No. 4.-VOL. 1. UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. JULY 8, 1829. JEFFERSON'S MEMOIR AND COR- tion of mankind. Indeed, such is the RESPONDENCE. If there is no species of writing, that so interests us as the lives of illustrious men, it is certain that our pleasure is very greatly enhanced when those lives are written by themselves. For, besides that the use of the first person gives a freshness and animation to the narrative, which place the scenes and characters of the drama more fairly before our eyes, we see the subject of the biography in the double character of actor on the theatre, and narrator of the part he has acted. We see his own views of his own actions; and although, for the most part, self-complacency may be seen to accompany most of the acts which the writer chuses to record, yet there is such an infinite variety of modes in which this sentiment may manifest itself, that even here we learn an important characteristic of the individual. One man prides himself on one thing, another, on another: one boasts in this way, and another in that; one seeks to enhance his merit by exaggeration, another by affecting modesty, and a third prefers to hint or insinuate his good qualities. Besides, it is agreeable to compare, as we often may do, the views of the writer, at the time he is writing, with those which actuated him at the period he describes. Autobiography in numberless ways, in short, affords materials of speculation and interest, that a biography written by another, never can. It is therefore that the memoirs of Sully and De Retz had such welcome reception in their day-that those of Rousseau, Marmontel and Cumberland have produced still greater interest since, and that the meagre sketches of Hume, Franklin and Gibbon have proved such acceptable treats to the reading por charm which autobiography intrinsically possesses, that we can tolerate, and even draw amusement from, the egotistical effusions and vulgar gossip of a player, a musician or a demirep, such as O'Keefe, Mrs. Bellamy and Mrs. Robinson, and all that tribe. The American public then, will read with the liveliest curiosity and interest, the brief sketch which Mr. Jefferson has, at the age of 77, here made of his very active and useful public life; and they will not fail to regret, that the illustrious author has not given us more complete and finished pictures of the memorable scenes he had passed through, and the conspicuous chaacters he had moved amongst, when we find such masterly skill exhibited in these his hasty sketches. He often hits off the most striking features of character by a single touch of his pencil. Of all the distinguished individuals who have figured in the Revolution, and the subsequent annals, of this country, Mr. Jefferson will occupy a place in the history of the times, inferior only to that of Washington, and perhaps, of Franklin. His agency in preparing the public mind for the Revolution-his services as member of Congress-as Governor of Virginia-as one of the Revisers of its laws as a Negotiator-as Secretary of Stateas President, and as Founder of this University, form together a series of services that no other can match in number or variety, and they make up, by their utility and long continuance, for the want of the splendour conferred by military fame. But we are not going to write the life of Mr. Jefferson, that is familiar to all who will read this fugitive sheet, and if it were not, it has been too hackneyed a theme from one end of our Union to the other, to | liberty to make extracts from them, for the Museum, and we shall avail ourselves of his kindness, by presenting our readers with extracts from them, so far as we can do it without abusing the power, or too much forestalling the pleasure which the perusal of the whole work will confer. Mr. Jefferson thus notices his first appearance in that great polical drama which has so influenced the destinies of this country and of mankind. "When the famous Resolutions of 1765, make it advisable. We merely wish to remind the reader that this man, so conspieuous for his talents, his services, his fervid devotion to his country and the cause of civil liberty, has here given to the world his own opinions of his own most illustrious acts; and that after he ceased to be the narrator of his own busy useful life, his letters and correspondence, now given to the world, exhibit his plans and schemes to improve the condition of his country, and his opinions of men and things, in his own nervous, perspicuous, and often beauti-against the Stamp-act, were proposed, I was yet ful composition. We think that these vol- a student at law in Williamsburg. I attended umes will prove to the American reader the debate, however, at the door of the lobby of the most delicious literary treat that their the House of Burgesses, and heard the splendid own country has ever afforded. Here the display of Mr. Henry's talents as a popular ora surviving actor of the Revolution will at tor. They were great indeed; such as I have once have many fading recollections revi- never heard from any other man. He appeared to ved, and learn much that was never be- me to speak as Homer wrote. Mr. Johnson, a lawfore published to the world. Here too the yer, and member from the Nothern neck, secondrising generation will see a picture as faith-ed the resolutions, and by him the learning and ful as it is spirited, of that memorable era which is sacred in his affections, to which his imagination ever fondly recurs, and of which the minutest incident is read with the most delightful interest. logic of the case were chiefly maintained. My recollections of these transactions may be seen page 60 of the life of Patrick Henry, by Wirt, to whom I furnished them. In May, 1769, a meeting of the General Arsembly was called by the Governor, Lord Botetourt. I had then become a member ; and to that meeting became known the joint resolutions and address of the Lords and Commons of 1768-9, on the proceedings in Massachusetts. Counterresolutions, and an address to the King by the House of Burgesses, were agreed to with little opposition, and a spirit manifestly displayed itself of considering the cause of Massachusetts as a sommon one. The Governor dissolved us: But the pleasure which this work will give is its smallest recommendation. It is replete with political wisdom. Mr. Jefferson's precepts were drawn from a close observation of the characters of men as he had seen them exhibited in real life, and not as they are represented in history. Firmly persuaded that human societies are competent to their own government, and that their happiness and prosperity are in proportion to their freedom, he displays great sagacity in providing means for perpetuating that freedom, by either neutralizing the interests and passions of individuals, or by making them co-operate to the public good. No American can read this book with attention without finding himself greatly instructed in the difficult science of government, nor without a better understanding of the rationale of our political Institutions. On the less important concerns of life, the same quick perception of right and wrong, and the same felicitous "I prepared a draught of the declaration commode of presenting the grounds of his opin-mitted to us. It was too strong for Mr. Dickinions, are conspicuous. The whole too is conveyed in a style of the most engaging simplicity. We have been favoured by the respectable editor of this valuable work, with copies of the volumes already printed, with but we met the next day in the Apollo* of the Raleigh tavern, formed ourselves into a voluntary convention, drew up articles of association against the use of any merchandise imported from Great Britain, signed and recommended them to the people, repaired to our several counties, and were re-elected without any other exception than of the very few who had declined assent to our proceedings. The following anecdote we believe has been never before published. It is quite characteristic of the parties. son. He still retained the hope of reconciliation with the mother country, and was unwilling it should be lessened by offensive statements. He was so honest a man, and so able a one, that he [* The name of a public room in the Raleigh.] |