Mass Education in England: A Critical Examination of Problem and Possibility. By Dr. J. H. GARRETT. (3s. 6d. Burrow.) A highly provocative book which will doubtless be answered at an early date. Dr. Garrett, for twenty years School Medical Officer at Cheltenham, makes a vigorous attack upon the recent report of the Consultative Committee on the Education of the Adolescent, mainly on the ground that it ignores, first, the low educability of 50 per cent of the children; and, secondly, the compulsory nature of their after-lives as seen in the occupational census. In his view, education is nothing more than the preparation of the individual to earn his living, hence for half the population a few years' instruction in the three R's is all that is required. Dr. Garrett entirely ignores the fact that the after-lives of even the least intelligent include many hours of leisure, and that it is of vital importance, not only to the individual but also to the community, that they should be educated for this leisure as well as for the means of livelihood. No doubt a certain type of employer will welcome the book with its outspoken defence of industrialism, but few educationists will agree that "the industries of this country afford a variety of magnificent academies for the education of the populace."

An Adventure with Children. By MARY H. LEWIS. (6s. 6d. net. New York: Macmillan.)

Cheiron's Cave-The School of the Future: an Educational Synthesis based on the New Psychology. By DOROTHY REVEL. (7s. 6d. net. Heinemann.)

Of these two books describing modern experimental schools, the first, from America, is the simpler and less revolutionary. The author has no new theories to expound, but lets the facts of her experiment speak for themselves. Early in her teaching she discovered the disadvantages of the excellently-equipped expensive school, where everything, including play, was readymade and standardized. Experience in an open-air school with the scantiest equipment revealed to her the children's need; in making their own school and its furniture, its garden and rabbit-hutches, they learned to be ingenious because of the poverty of their equipment, and in the atmosphere of freedom and opportunity they learned to love work. Miss Lewis continued to experiment on these lines, and in twelve years had a successful school of 220 children, ranging from kindergarten to college, ideally set in a sixty-acre farm. But the fascination of the story lies not in the achievement, but in the years of experiment and growth, and the continual confirmation of Dewey's belief that children learn only by doing. The second book is by the senior mistress of Mr. Faithfull's school, Priory Gate, and is consequently full of theory, on psycho-analytic lines. Part I explains such terms as libods, extraversion and introversion, the recapitulatory theory, parent attachments, with considerable lucidity and many illustrations from the author's experience. Part II describes the educational practice of the Priory Gate school, where children are given "the freedom and joy of selfeducation in natural surroundings." The various stages of growth are dealt with separately under the terms used by the order of woodcraft chivalry-elves, all ages up to 8; woodlings, 8-12; trackers, 12-15; pathfinders, 15-18; while the final chapter is devoted to a training for teachers which is reminiscent of the discipline of the Samurai. The principle of co-education is evidently carried further at Priory Gate than in most mixed schools. Both these books are illustrated with delightful photographs.

The New Physical Education: a Program of Naturalized Activities for Education Toward Citizenship. By Prof. T. WOOD and Prof. ROSALIND F. CASSIDY. (10s. New York: Macmillan.) There has for some time been a demand for an authorized text-book describing the "naturalized" system of physical training taught at Teachers' College, Columbia University. Its supporters claim that the traditional physical education has been too much occupied with formal exercises that are either artificial or merely corrective, and that far better results, mental as well as physical, can be achieved by natural, spontaneous, and enjoyable activities. Very careful experimental work on these lines has been carried on during the last fifteen years, and this book summarizes the results, and offers a detailed curriculum in naturalized activities" for the elementary school. The theory underlying the practice is emphasized throughout, and the book is attractively written and printed; it also contains an excellent list of source materials, as well as an exhaustive bibliography.

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Adult Learning. By E. L. Thorndike, ElSIA O. BREGMAN, J. W. TILTON, and ELLA WOODYARD. (10s. net. New York: Macmillan.)

Readers of the (British) Journal of Adult Education will recall the contributions of Profs. Peers and Spearman to the problems whether education, as usually understood, can profitably be carried on beyond adolescence into adult life. Prof. Spearman ended his article entitled, What is really wrong with Adults?" by saying that what is wanted is "genuinely scientific research in the psychology of abilities and disabilities." In the volume before us, published under arrangement with the American Association for Adult Education, the well-known Prof. Thorndike presents the results of a psychological inquiry into the facts concerning changes in the amount and changes in the nature of ability to learn from about age 15 to about age 45, and especially from age 25 to age 45. The instructed in such matters will be prepared to find that much of the report is of a very technical nature. But other people also will be interested in the general conclusion that "nobody under 45 should restrain himself from trying to learn anything because of a belief or fear that he is too old to be able to learn it." Probably such a man as Dr. Mansbridge, our apostle of adult education, has little use for these technical inquiries, but prefers to get on with the job, and make his psychology as he goes. At present there is something to be said on both sides. On the psychological side this book is a very important contribution to the subject. Creative Education at an English School. By J. H. WHITEHOUSE. (16s. net. Cambridge University Press.)

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This altogether delightful book might alternatively be described as the record of an organized attempt to enlist the pupil's creative or constructive instinct in the cause of his education, or as containing everything that a school can do for a boy except help him to pass his examinations. It is a rare experience to take up a book on education in which the word examination" does not even occur. Whether the experience is exhilarating or depressing depends upon the mood of the moment. To us it has been both in turns. Is Mr. Whitehouse right in placing art and craftsmanship, not among the trivial 44 extras or pastimes, but in the place of honour? If he is right, the prevailing system of secondary education cannot also be right. It would be interesting to hear a debate between Mr. Whitehouse, author of this book, and Dr. Norwood, author of the recent address delivered at Glasgow. The latter could not consistently agree with the former about the place of honour. Meantime, success to the Bembridge experiment! And may every one who has something so interesting and original and unorthodox to contribute, come forward with it as Mr. Whitehouse has done.

Tyrannies of the School. By C. W. BAILEY. (2s. 6d. net. Blackie. Parents and the Pre-School Child. By Prof. W. E. BLATZ and HELEN MCM. BOTT. (бs. net. Dent.)

Parents and Teachers: A Survey of Organized Co-operation ej Home, School, and Community. Prepared under the Auspices of the National Congress of Parents and Teachers, and Edited by MARTHA S. MASON. (8s. 6d. net. Ginn.)

IRISH SCHOOLMASTERS' ASSOCIATION.-The annual meeting of the Irish Schoolmasters' Association, representing the Church of Ireland and other Protestant secondary schools, was held on October 27. The Rev. C. B. Armstrong, Warden of St. Columba's College, was elected president, and the Rev. T. J. Irwin, vice-president. The principal resolution at public business condemned in strong terms the trend of secondary education in the Free State, under the present regulations (notably compulsory Irish), and urged a modification which would allow the classics and modern foreign languages a proper place in the curriculum. Some remarkable statistics were given of the decline of the study of French and German, which have almost disappeared from the schools: and it was also observed that under the old optional system, even so far back as 1904, the number of candidates in Irish was 1,630, whereas in 1928 it was only increased to 2, 194. A second resolution pressed for the immediate establishment of the long-deferred pension scheme; and a third maintained that the conditions for registration as a secondary teacher are too exacting in the Irish Free State. The retiring president Mr. H. S. R. Pyper-referred in his address to the notable work accomplished for the Association by Mr. John Thompson during his term as secretary.

Plain Prose: The Elements of a Serviceable Style. By W. E. WILLIAMS. (3s. 6d. Methuen.)

An interesting and comprehensive book. The author compares and contrasts prose writing with poetry and deals with the attributes which help in the making of good prose. Many illustrative passages are quoted throughout and in the last chapter the reader is referred to the writings of those authors, including men of our own time, whose works will repay his study. It is a little surprising to find the author lending his countenance to so ugly a form as " belles lettrists"; surely the English language could do better than this!

Men and Women of the Middle Ages. By DOROTHY M. STUART. (Is. 6d. Harrap.)

The Middle Ages are made to live again in the pages of this book. We meet the tillers of the soil, the craftsmen, players, poets, and their womenkind and our interest is heightened by the skilful way in which contemporary illustrations have been interspersed throughout the text.

(1) A London Anthology. Edited by N. G. BREtt-James. (2s. 6d. Harrap.)

(2) (3) The Comedy of Life: from Richardson, Fielding, Smollett, Goldsmith, Sterne. Rogues and Vagabonds: from Swift, Bunyan, Defoe, Francis Godwin, Henry Neville, and Aphra Behn. Selected, with Introduction, Notes, and Tables, by R. B. JOHNSON. (3s. 6d. each. Lane.)

(4) Selected Letters of Byron. Edited by V. H. COLLINS. (4s. 6d. net. Clarendon Press.)

Mr. Brett-James's anthology (1) would make an excellent reading-book for London schools. The extracts range from the Anglo-Saxon chronicle to George Gissing and " John o' London.', and prose and verse are pleasingly alternated; (2) and (3) belong to Mr. Brimley Johnson's new series of group-selections made to illustrate the development of English literature; (2) contains extracts from Bunyan, Defoe, Swift, Aphra Behn; (3) from Richardson, Fielding, Smollett, Sterne, Goldsmith. Boty volumes have instructive introductions. Byron (4) is admittedly one of the best of English letter-writers. Mr. Collins's selection makes good reading.

The Writing of English. By G. BOAS. (2s. 6d. Longmans.)

A manual of composition suitable for the middle forms of the secondary school. Instructions and exercises exhibit much resourcefulness and vivacity, helpful both to teacher and pupil. The Lost Fight. By H. F. M. PRESCOTT. (7s. 6d. net. Constable.) Miss Prescott stepped into the front rank of historical novelists with her twelfth-century story of The Unhurrying Chase." "The Lost Fight" is a tragic tale of the next century, the period of Frederick II, Stupor Mundi. The scenes are laid partly in France, partly in Cyprus. A fine and delicate imagination, deep ethical feeling, historical learning which is always evident yet never displayed, and a sure mastery of style, combine to make a book of rare beauty.

Apostate. By F. REID. (3s. 6d. net. Constable.)

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Forrest Reid's" Apostate," recently added to the" Constable's Miscellany series of reprints, is a beautifully written account of his childhood and adolescence. A particularly introspective and thoughtful boy, we are shown his early upbringing in Belfast as the youngest of a large family. As a child he evinced a marked distaste for the religion of his elders and retained a strong prejudice against orthodox Christianity throughout his life. He is a pagan in spirit and outlook, and it is among the classic Greeks with their pantheism and beauty worship that he is most at home. His style is calm, unhurried, and poetical, and many of the passages possess the sad charm characteristic of Charles Lamb. The Beacon Study Readers. Edited by F. RoscoE. (First Lessons, IS. 4d. Book One, Is. 6d. Teachers' Manual for First Lessons and Book One, 2s. Book Two, Is. 9d. Book Three, 2S. Teachers' Manual for Books Two and Three, 2s. Ginn.) The Beacon Readers, now so widely used, had for their main object mechanical proficiency in reading, with, as ultimate aim, the enjoyment of and appreciation of literature; this new series, which is to accompany, not supplement or displace the earlier one, and is likely to become equally popular, has a quite other object. Experience is showing that young children need more systematic guidance than they have hitherto received in the understanding and use of words as vehicles of ideas and information, in order that they may themselves acquire the power to use words as symbols of reality, sharp in their outline and clear in their meaning." This power the new series aims at cultivating. From the age of 6 or 7 to the time when the pupil is expected to be able to use the formal text-book as the basis

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of all his work, the Study Readers are designed to enable the child to gain information from his books for himself, to make up questions and answers, to pick out and arrange facts in order of importance, to summarize what he has read. The subjectmatter of this series is necessarily different, as it must be such that the child's own mental activity can be constantly called into play in connexion with the actual text, and, if the teacher acts upon the suggestions given under the headings "Related Activities," in countless other directions as well. B. F. L's illustrations in the two first volumes are charming.

A Book of Knights. By ELIZABETH D'OYLEY. (Is. 6d. Bell. Glasgow Holmes.)

Beautifully told, with a due sense of restraint and of proportion, these accounts of nine heroes who lived at various stages of the world's history, starting with St. Francis of Assisi and ending with Captain Lawrence Oates, may well prove a source of inspiration to boys and girls. London children will hope to see in the Guildhall Library the pamphlet entitled, "A Dog's Elegy: or, Rupert's Tears," which tells the story of Prince Rupert's devoted "devil-dog," Boye.

Lost in London. By H. STRANG. (Is. Oxford University Press.) Mr. Herbert Strang has an established reputation as a writer of tales for youth, but it is somewhat of a feat even for him to have produced a readable story for children of 12 with so unusual and unpromising a historical background as the South Sea Bubble and the other equally mad and unsuccessful speculations of that time. Into such a story it must have required no little skill to introduce an episode as exciting as Dormer's perilous climb to the rescue of his imprisoned schoolfellow. Nelson's Infant Reading Practice. By VERA PATMORE. 1. The Four Jolly Rabbits and the Cabbage Patch. 2. Snowball: a Tale of Santa Claus. 3. Marigold's Wishbone. 4. The Island Where Things Come Right. 5. The Ginger Kitten's Diary. 6. The Treasure Hunt. (Paper, 4d. each. Cloth, 6d. each. Nelson.)

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It is gratifying to find such a number of cheap books, carefully adapted both in subject and language to their little readers, being constantly brought out to supplement the regular Class Readers. Of this set of six, rightly described as 'bright, new stories," (1) and (5) are the most attractive as tales, and these also have the jolliest illustrations. As the children are expected to copy many of the details of the pictures, these might perhaps have had more definitely defined outlines and less shading. Marriage. By SUSAN E. FERRIER. (2s. net. Dent.)

The inclusion of Susan Ferrier's "Marriage in the famous Everyman's Library" should be a means of introducing this delightful comedy-in-narrative to many who have not yet discovered its charms. Sir Walter Scott was among the first to acknowledge the merits of the book and he commended it "as a very lively work." 'Marriage " is not so much a novel as a series of character sketches based on caricature and exaggeration. The story itself is slight, but we forget this in our enjoyment of the portraitures of the three aunts, of Lady McLaughlin, of Dr. Redgill, whose voracious appetite was unbounded, of Mrs. Fox, absorbed in the work of "charity," of Mrs. Pullens who " mainly relied for fame on her unrivalled art in keepings things long beyond the date assigned by nature," and of many another of whom the tale is told.

A Book of Broadsheets. (7s. 6d. net. Methuen.)

The anthology contained in this volume is a reproduction of the pocket literature provided by The Times for the men in the trenches during the early days of the War. Every item was printed in the form of a "broadsheet "—a single page of thin paper suitable for inclusion in a letter-and distributed in hundreds of thousands to the forces. Mr. Bruce Richmond, of The Times Literary Supplement, and Sir Walter Rayleigh, Professor of English Literature at Oxford, were mainly responsible for the selection of the items, although many interesting suggestions came from the men themselves. The collection is varied and extensive, and maintains a high standard throughout. The Clarendon Readers in Literature and Science. Edited by J. C. SMITH. Book III. (3s. 6d. Oxford University Press.) This is an admirable selection. The editor is definitely opposed to the view that pupils of 12 to 15 years of age should gain their knowledge of English prose by continuous reading alone. The extracts cater for all interests, and the boy or girl of a scientific turn of mind has received generous consideration.

The Story of Keth. By BLANCHE GIROUARD. (7s. 6d. net. Macmillan.)

The story of the wanderings of Keth the Immortal, a Celtic belle dame sans merci, with the Saint Cleran, is told with rare charm. Readers of "The Crock of Gold" will find much to delight them here.

The Tidy Wood. By EVELYN M. WHITAKER. (7d. Nelson.) Reading and Thinking. Edited by Dr. R. WILSON. Book VI.

A Collection of Prose and Verse Designed to Conduct the Reader to the Open Door of the Library. (2s. 10d. Nelson.) The Silver Thorn: A Book of Stories. By H. WALPOLE. (7s. 6d. net. Macmillan.)

The Kingsway Examination Tests in English. Teacher's Edition. (2s. 6d. net. Evans.)

Summer School Papers: Animal, Vegetable, and General. By E. BELL. (2s. net. Bell.)

Richardson. By B. W. DowNS. (6s. net. Routledge.)

Familiar Letters on Important Occasions. By S. RICHARDSON. (10s. 6d. net. Routledge,)

The Age of Addison. By ANNA M. PAGAN. (IS. 3d. Blackie.)
Blackie's English-Study Readers. Fifth Reader. (2s. 9d. Blackie.)
Contemporary Movements in European Literature. Edited by
Dr. W. ROSE and J. ISAACS. (10s. 6d. net. Routledge.)
A Survey of English Literature, 1730-1780. By Prof. O. ELTON.
In two volumes. (32s. net. Arnold.)
What is Love? By E. M. DELAFIELD. (7s. 6d. net. Macmillan.)
A Dictionary of Correct English: A Manual of Information and
Advice Concerning Grammar, Idiom, Use of Words, Points
of Style, Punctuation, Spelling, and Other Practical Matters.
By M. A. PINK. (2s. 6d. net. Pitman.)

The English Language. By E. WEEKLEY. (6d. Benn.)
The Structure of the Novel. By E. MUIR. (3s. 6d. The Hogarth
Press.)

A Book of Essays. Selected by H. BARNES. (Is. 6d. Harrap.)
The Merging of Ronald Letheredge. By P. L. MARKS. (3s. 6d. net.
Robert Scott.)

Jungle John: A Book of the Big-Game Jungles. Abridged. By J. BUDDEN. With Notes and Questions by T. H. ALLEN. (2s. Longmans.)

The General's Ring. By SELMA LAGERLÖF. (3s. 6d. Werner Laurie.)

Lovers and Luggers. By G. SLADE. (7s. 6d. net. Werner Laurie.) Selected Addresses and Essays. By Viscount HALDANE. (бs. net. Murray.)

Dryden. Preface to the Fables. Edited, with an Introduction, by W. P. KER and Notes by M. G. LLOYD-THOMAS. (IS. Clarendon Press.)

An Elementary Middle English Grammar. By Dr. J. WRIGHT and ELIZABETH M. Wright. Second Edition. (7s. net. Oxford University Press.)

The English Stage. By Prof. A. NICOLL. (6d. net. Benn.) No part of this fascinating account of the staging of plays in England demonstrates better the author's skill in condensation than paragraphs 2 and 3 of Chapter VI, which discuss the leading features of Pseudo-Classicism and Romanticism; none is so enlightening, and, also, so contentious as his last chapter "The Modern Period." From this it appears that, though one of two great innovators at the present day is an Englishman, yet, owing to our dislike to making experiments, we lag behind the Continent in scenic art and are content with outworn traditions in the production of plays.

With Pipe and Tabor: Junior Class-Room Plays. Compiled by R. MOORHOUSE. (IS. 4d. Dent.)

Very brief plays designed for use in the class-room by little children. Their author's understanding of the child-mind, and his poetic sympathies, make the "playlets" excellent for their purpose.

The Silver Books of Children's Verse. Book II. Arranged by F. JONES. (Is. 3d. Blackie.)

W.E.A. students. He writes on the drama in a very attractive manner, and his analysis of different types of plays, both ancient and modern, under the headings of Tragedy, Comedy, Social Drama, &c., should be of service to every one interested in the subject.

An Anthology of School: Being a Selection of English Poems on School, Schoolboys, and Schoolmasters. Chosen and edited, with Notes and an Introduction by C. S. HOLDER. (7s. 6d. net. The Bodley Head.)

Mr. Holder's anthology breaks new ground, for it is not a mere collection of school songs, but includes poems in any way bearing upon school life and upon boys and girls in relation to their teachers. The gathering is a large and comprehensive one, and the chief criticism to which it is exposed is that the poetical standard is not kept high enough. To enforce a good standard would not be easy, for it might involve disappointing some famous schools, and the compiler of such a collection is bound to attach importance to historical associations. Yet one may doubt whether he has made the best use of his opportunities. The great day schools do not seem to be represented. Manchester Grammar School has, or had, some excellent songs, for several of which John Farmer composed music. Clifton High School has a beautiful Rose Song written by its first headmistress, Miss Woods. J. H. Skrine wrote some really poetical songs for Uppingham.

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Myrtella: A Romance of Ancient Greece. By B. MORE. (I Dollar. Boston. The Cornhill Publishing Co.)

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The words of the dedication of this poem to a gentleman, I whose heart is in poetry and whose poetry is Art," caused the reader some degree of apprehension as to the author's sensitiveness to sound. It is enough to say that the apprehension was fully justified, and that there seems to be no reason to suppose that English lovers of poetry will agree with the many in America, who, so we are told, hail this as "the greatest narrative poem that has been written in the English language during the twentieth century."

Poetic Values: A Guide to the Appreciation of the Golden Treasury. By E. A. G. LAMBORN. (3s. 6d. net. Oxford University Press.)

Mr. Lamborn's book is a stimulating companion to the "Golden Treasury." His introduction is provocative if not altogether convincing. To claim that the fact that Shakespeare wrote in verse may be taken as an indication that he did not mean to give us real" persons seems to be a contention that could be sustained with difficulty, and it also seems unnecessary to suppose that because a speech is spoken in the quavering accents of an old woman it must of necessity lose all its charm as spoken verse. It would be interesting to know how the writer would reconcile this view with Shakespeare's remarks on the purpose of playing. In the same way throughout, the reader cannot remain passive, he or she is either moved to cordial agreement, or to active protest, and in the latter case challenged to produce the grounds for the attitude. No higher praise could be given to a book of this type.

Poems. By W. E. CHASE. ($2. W. E. Chase, Madison, Wisconsin.)

The Second Book of School Plays: Plays With Music. The Third Book of School Plays: Plays for the Younger Ones. (2s. 6d. net. each. Evans.)

Timon of Athens. By Prof. E. H. WRIGHT. (2s. 6d. Heath.) The Merry Wives of Windsor. Edited by G. B. HARRISON and F. H. PRITCHARD. (IS. Harrap.)

More Little Plays for Little Actors. By ETHEL M. WARD. (18. 6d net. Chambers.)

Lyrical Poetry from Blake to Hardy. By Prof. H. J. C. GRIERSON, Phases of English Poetry. By H. READ. (3s. 6d. The Hogarth Press.)

The Aeneid of Virgil. Translated, with an Introductory Essay, by F. RICHARDS. (15s. net. Murray.) Readings from British Drama: Extracts from British and Irish Plays. By Prof. A. NICOLL. (10s. 6d. net. HARRAP.) The Shoemaker and the Elves, and Dick Whittington. Two Plays in Verse by ELIZABETH F. MATHESON. (Paper, 4d. Limp Cloth, 6d. Oxford University Press.)

Matthew Arnold. Sohrab and Rustum, The Scholar Gipsy, Thyrsts, Balder Dead, Tristram and Iseult, The Forsaken Merman Edited by G. E. HOLLINGWORTH. (Cloth, 2s. 9d. Paper. 2s. 3d. University Tutorial Press.)

A Poetry Book for Boys and Girls. Compiled by A. WATSON BAIN. Part III. (3s. 6d. Cambridge University Press.)

The Thirsty Earth: a Study in Irrigation. By E. H. CARRIER. (10s. 6d. net. Christophers.)

From the earliest times, irrigation has been practised by peoples living in various parts of the world, and it has been frequently noted that in sub-tropical countries the national prosperity of the highest civilization to which the country could give rise, went hand in hand with successful irrigation. In this book the author carefully explains the geographical conditions which made man's efforts at irrigation both appropriate and necessary, the world distribution of these conditions and the various methods by which irrigated agriculture is carried out, and some of the results arising from such operations. After referring in Part I to the changes of climate which have taken place in the course of long periods of time, the author proceeds in Part II to compare the irrigation carried on in the Ancient World, especially in Egypt, Babylonia, China, and Mexico respectively, and then to discuss in detail in Parts III and IV modern methods of irrigation (1) in the Old World and (2) in the New World. Students of geography and history both in schools and colleges are strongly advised to add this volume to their list of books, as it deals in a really satisfactory way with an important subject which is hardly touched upon in the ordinary text-books. Some maps and full page pictures illustrate the text, and at the end of each chapter is a useful bibliography.

(1) Columbus Regional Geographies. By L. BROOKS and R. FINCH. Book I. Children of Many Lands. (Cloth Boards, Is. 8d. Limp, Is. 6d. University of London Press.) (2) Columbus Regional Geographies. By L. BROOKS and R. FINCH. Book 2. Many Things from Many Lands. (Limp Cloth, Is. 7d. Cloth Boards, Is. 9d. University of London Press.) (3) Lands and Peoples. Hawaii and the Philippines: Also the Islands of the South Seas. By Dr. F. F. BUNKER. (6s. net. Lippincott.)

(1) and (2) Books 1 and 2 of this series contain delightful lessons for young children in primary schools. The chapters are printed in large type and the descriptions are expressed in simple words, some of them being in dialogue form. Book I deals with children who live in different parts of the world and Book 2 describes some articles of food and clothing and the countries from which the articles come. The illustrations, some of which are coloured, are particularly good. (3) "Hawaii and the Philippines is written by an American author who very successfully emphasizes the human geography throughout the various chapters. The book is very suitable as a reading book for junior forms in secondary schools, and the numerous illustrations will add greatly to the interest of the reading lessons. (1) Great Britain: Essays in Regional Geography by Twenty-Six Authors. Edited by A. G. OGILVIE. (21S. net. Cambridge University Press.)

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(2) Ordnance Survey Physical Maps of England and Wales, and Scotland. (IS. 6d. net each. Southampton: Ordnance Survey Office.)

(1) The great advance made during the last thirty years in the teaching of geography has been accompanied by a corresponding improvement in the text-books written on the subject, and regional geography now rightly claims more and more attention from authors as the study of small areas has become more detailed and complex in character. This collection of essays was compiled for the Twelfth International Congress of Geography, held at Cambridge this year, as an appropriate means of presenting to the foreign delegates a synopsis by British geographers of the regional geography of Great Britain. The volume will also be welcomed by all teachers of geography in secondary schools and by students in colleges and universities. Each essay is written by an expert, usually the head of the geographical department of the university situated in the region dealt with. The editor states that the greatest possible freedom has been allowed to each writer, the only restriction being as to the length of an essay and the number of maps to illustrate it. The book as a whole must therefore be regarded as a collection of essays and not as a systematic handbook of geography. (2) The reader of the essays in (1) might with advantage use the two Ordnance Survey Physical Maps for reference in connexion with many sections of the text. The two sheets (each map being about 22 in. by 30 in.) are drawn to a scale of 1'014 in. to sixteen miles, that is 1: 1,000,000. The river drainage is inserted in considerable detail in both maps; the relief is shown by an effective scheme of colouring and depths in shades of blue separated by definite contour lines at intervals of ten fathoms.

No names, except those of physical features, are printed on the maps. These maps may justly be regarded as models of what really good physical maps should contain.

A Geography of Western Europe. Written by Five Members of the Publications Sub-Committee of the Standing Committee for Geography in Public Schools. Edited by E. D. LABORDE. (8s. 6d. University of London Press.)

The aim of the compilers of this geography has been to produce a work which will satisfy the needs of the public school geography master and will provide a course of study up to the standard required for the School Certificate Examination of the Oxford and Cambridge Joint Board. In order to keep the book within a reasonable size, the British Isles have been omitted; with this exception all the countries on the western seaboard of Europe are well described as regards geological structure, physical features, productions, and historical associations. The editor writes an excellent chapter on the valley of the Rhone and Saône, in which he shows how the geography of a particular region should be studied. It is to be hoped that in the near future a second volume dealing with the other countries of Europe will be prepared by the same authors in order to complete the geography of the continent.

(1) Philips' New Large-Scale Administrative County Maps. Surrey. (Unmounted, in sheet form. IS. Folded in paper

covers. Is. 3d. Philip.)

(2) Philips' New Visual Contour Outline Map of Europe. (2d. Philip.)

(1) The Map of Surrey (16 in. by 13 in.) is drawn to scale of 2 in. for five miles. The different shades of colouring show the county borough of Croydon, the municipal boroughs, and the urban districts of the county. The boundaries of the parliamentary divisions are indicated with red lines and the railways are shown in black lines. All place names are clearly printed. (2) To Philips' Visual Contour series of maps, Europe has now been added; the scale of the map is 1 in. for 240 miles. In the geography course this map will be of great use for map exercises and for testing the knowledge of pupils.

(1) Columbus Regional Geographies. By L. BROOKS and R. FINCH.
Book 4.
The British Isles. (Cloth Boards, 2s. 3d. Limp
Cloth, 2s. University of London Press.)

(2) Operative Geographies: a Complete Geography Scheme in 8 Volumes. Vol. 3. Australasia. By W. F. MORRIS. (IS. Cassell.)

(3) United States and Mexico. Compiled by W. J. Glover. (Is. 6d. Cassell.)

(4) Oceans and Rivers. By E. G. R. TAYLOR. (6d. net. Benn.) In arrangement and style the books in this group conform to the other volumes in the series to which they respectively belong. The format of (1) is very attractive; the chapters provide a very satisfactory course of lessons for junior forms and the illustrations are excellent. No. 2 is a very cheap production for so complete a course of work containing as it does descriptive text, sketch maps, and numerous exercises. No. 3 is a reading book consisting of carefully chosen extracts from the works of writers on travel and adventure. No. 4 belongs to Benn's Sixpenny Library; it has been written by a well-known geographer and is full of reliable information concerning the uses of rivers and the movements in the oceans.

The World and its Discovery. By H. B. WETHERILL. Part III. America, with a Chapter on the First Voyage Round the World. (Is. 9d. Clarendon Press.)

Geographical Exercises. By Dr. L. D. STAMP and ELSA C. STAMP. (2s. Longmans.)

Map of Roman Britain. Second Edition. (4s. Southampton : Ordnance Survey Office.)

Philips' Pocket Surveyor. Designed by G. C. SHERRIN. (2s. 6d. net. Philip.)

The British Isles. By R. J. FINCH. (IS. 6d. Black.)

A Geography of the British Isles. By Prof. L. W. LYDE. With Problems and Exercises. 18th Edition. (2s. 6d. Black.) The British Empire with its World Setting. By J. B. REYNOLDS. 9th Edition. (2s. 6d. Black.)

An Intermediate Commercial Geography. By Dr. L. D. STAMP. Part II. The Economic Geography of the Leading Countries. (12s. 6d. Longmans.)

Pictorial Geography. Book I. The Round World. By E. M. SANDERS. (Is. 8d. Philip.)

A Junior Ancient History. By A. M. DALE. (3s. 6d. Methuen.) Miss Dale has written a competent and useful text-book for the middle forms of schools. It is primarily concerned with Greece and Rome-the story of the latter being quite properly carried down to the dawn of the Middle Ages. But these two more detailed studies are preceded by an excellent preliminary sketch of the history of the older politics of Crete, Phoenicia, Assyria, Asia Minor, Babylonia, and Egypt. There are five maps printed in the text, but they are so poor that they might with advantage have been omitted. The pupil who uses this book must supplement it with a good historical atlas. British History, 1760-1822. By C. R. CRUTTWELL. (2s. Bell.) This is an age of small books by large men. Mr. Cruttwell an Oxford don of high distinction. It is a great score for the editor of Messrs. Bell's "Special Review series that he should have been able to persuade him to contribute this notable outline of George III's reign to the British section of the series. With a masterly concentration upon essentials Mr. Cruttwell tells in 150 small pages the story of the constitutional struggle between George and his cabinets; of the loss of the American colonies; of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars; and of the social and economic troubles which accompanied and followed them. A map showing the parliamentary representation of England and Wales prior to the first Reform Act is particularly valuable. Alexander Hamilton. By H. H. HICKS. (бs. 6d. net. New York: Macmillan.)

Patriots of the Nineteenth Century. By Dr. E. F. MALCOLMSMITH. (3s. 6d. Longmans.)

Those who prefer to take their history in the emulsified and sweetened form of biography will find these two volumes to their taste. In the first of these Mr. Hicks tells from the point of view of one of the chief actors the exciting story of the War of American Independence and the framing of the United States constitution. In the second, Miss Malcolm-Smith provides brief sketches of the lives of some of the more (but not most) prominent of the makers of the nineteenth century, e.g. Kossuth, Mazzini, Thiers, Roon, Andrássy, Gorchakov, Nicholas of Montenegro. No one who reads these short yet capable biographies will fail to realize that beneath the slender narrative there lies a broad and deep foundation of study and research.

A History of Europe. Vol. II. The Ascendancy of Spain and of France, 1494-1740. By A. HASSALL. (7s. 6d. Rivingtons.)

A History of Western Europe, 1815-1926. By D. C. SOMERVELL. (6d. net.

Benn.)

The first volume of Mr. Hassall's "History of Europe" covered a thousand years; the present volume deals with but one quarter of the succeeding and still-incomplete millennium. The struggles between the great monarchs of France and Spain give the volume a certain unity; but 1740 is not a good concluding date. It would have been better to carry the story down to the French Revolution. Mr. Hassall groups all his material into seven very unequal chapters. The arrangement is neither logical nor chronological, and the assignment of the whole of one of the seven chapters to the Thirty Years' War is indefensible. The strength of the book, in fact, lies not in its structure or in its style, but in its excellent apparatus of genealogies, chronologies, lists of subjects for essays, and special notes. Mr. D. C. Somervell shows much greater constructive and narrative skill in his sixpenny survey of the nineteenth century and after. Outlines of Central Government, Including the Judicial System of England. By J. J. CLARKE. Third Edition. (5s. net. Pitman.)

The British Constitution : Its Growth and Character.
Sir SYDNEY Low. (6d. net. Benn.)

By

The fact that a third edition of Mr. Clarke's handbook on Central Government has been called for within two years of the publication of the second is eloquent testimony as to its value. It provides, indeed, in short compass just such a survey of the actual working of the British constitution as is needed both by civil servants and by university examinees. This third edition is by no means a mere reprint of its predecessor. It has been carefully revised and in some parts, where changes in the constitution have taken place, re-written. Sir Sidney Low's brilliant little summary of constitutional history is also strong on the practical side. But its chief purpose, of course, is to present a sketch of the process by which the existing form of government in Britain came into existence. This purpose, within the strict limits imposed by its diminutive size, it excellently fulfils,

Macedonian Imperialism and the Hellenization of the East. By Prof. P. JOUGUET. (21S. net. Kegan Paul.)

This translation of Prof. Jouguet's work on Macedonian Imperialism should be very welcome to English students of this important period, who, as a glance at the biography of this volume shows, are very poorly provided with works in their own language on this epoch, though Mr. Tarn's work on Hellenistic Civilization, which appeared apparently too late to be mentioned here, has done something to fill the gap. Prof. Jouguet begins with an excellent sketch of Alexander's conquests and organization of his empire. Then in Part II he describes its dismemberment, and gives a history of "The Successors" down to the fall and death of Lysimachus in 281. The rest of the book is chiefly occupied with the development of Egypt. Here the modern historian is far better provided with sources than for any other part of Alexander's oriental dominions, thanks to the rich finds of papyri, and the period treated extends down to the battle of Actium and the fall of the Lagid dynasty. The last chapter describes in much briefer manner the Hellenization of Asia, for there, as the author says, We lack the means to solve the problem we have set ourselves." The four maps at the end of the book are good.

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Last Words on the Roman Municipalities. By W. E. HEITLAND. (4s. net. Cambridge University Press.)

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In this pamphlet the venerable historian of St. John's College, Cambridge, returns to the theme which he discussed in his 'Roman Fate" (1922) and "Herum (1925). He provides further evidence and arguments in support of his opinion that the decline and fall of the Roman Empire was largely due to the decadence of the municipalities of which it was primarily composed. He makes out a strong case.

A History of the United States of America. By Prof. R. McELROY. (6d. Benn.)

Athens: A Picture of a Great Greek City. By E. H. WARMINGTON, (6d. Benn.)

A History of Japan. By Prof. J. I. BRYAN. (6d. Benn.) A History of Western Europe, A.D. 1-455. By Dr. M. CARY. (6d. Benn.)

The quality of Messrs. Benn's sixpenny monographs shows no sign of deterioration. The four historical volumes before us are models of skilful preparation. They are all written by experts of the highest standing, each of whom would probably have found it easier to expand his knowledge to a quarter of a million words than to condense it into twenty thousand. Each of these little volumes is of the nature of a brilliant essay rather than of a formal text-book; but each is so systematic and well-proportioned that it provides for the serious student an admirable introduction to its subject.

Chivalry: A Series of Studies to Illustrate its Historical Significance and Civilizing Influence. By Members of King's College, London. Edited by Prof. E. PRESTAGE. (158. net. Kegan Paul.)

A Concise History of Great Britain. By D. C. SOMERVELL. (ás. 6d. In 2 Vols., 3s. 6d. each. Bell.)

A History of Europe. Vol. III. The Balance of Power, The French Revolution and Napoleon, The Nineteenth Century and After, 1740-1914. By A. HASSALL. (7s. 6d. Rivingtons.)

THE Incorporated Society for Promoting Protestant Schools in Ireland has appointed Mr. W. Tate to the Ranelagh School, Athlone, in succession to the late Mr. R. Baile. Mr. Tate is a Senior Moderator and Gold Medallist of Trinity College, Dublin, and has also graduated with First Class Honours at University College, Cork. He has been headmaster of the Prior Schools, Lifford, for the past five years, and was formerly Senior English master and Bursar at St. Columba's College, Co. Dublin

THE Governors of the Royal School, Armagh, have now appointed a Headmaster in succession to Mr. H. Hirsch, who is retiring at Christmas. The new headmasterMr. W. Hutchings — after a distinguished academical career at Cambridge, was appointed mathematical master at Campbell College, Belfast. During the War he served with the Royal Warwickshire Regiment in Frauce, and subse quently with the Army of Occupation in Germany.