The second analysis of this water has been published by Dr. Alexander Marcet, in the Philosophical Transactions for 1807, part 2d. The water examined by him, in company with Mr. Tennant, had been brought from the Dead Sea by Messrs. Gordon and Clunis during their Travels in the East, and had been sent by them to Sir Joseph Banks.

The specific gravity of this water was 1.211.

From 20 parts of the water there were obtained by evaporating in a sand-bath, at a temperature of 212° Fahrenheit, 7-7 parts of dry saline residue.

As the result of his analysis, he estimates the constituents in 100 parts of the water as follows:

This estimate does not, however, accord with the original state. ment, that 20 grains of water leave a residuum of 77 grains of dried salts. To make them agree, 100 grains must have furnished 38 grains of salt.

This circumstance, together with the marked difference in the proportions of the salts, furnished by each analysis, induced me, says the former celebrated chemist, to undertake an analysis myself, having been furnished with a sufficient quantity of water for the pur. pose by Dr. William Thomson, whose recent death, at Palermo, has deprived mineralogy of a zealous disciple. This water had been brought by the Abbé Mariti from the East, and had been given by him to Dr. Targioni Tozzetti.

The water was colourless and transparent, except a small degree of muddiness, obviously owing to a cork-stopper. At the bottom of the flasks lay a single cubic crystal, which had again begun to re-dissolve. The taste of the water was bitter, saltish, and sharp. Its specific gravity was 1.245.

Five hundred grains of this water, evaporated to dryness and left upon a sand-bath till they no longer lost any weight, gave as a residue 213 grains of dry salt. This salt, while still warm, was digested with five times its weight of alcohol. After it had been allowed to exert its whole solvent power, by being left in a mode. rately warm place, and by frequent agitation, the alcohol was decanted off, and the undissolved salt treated again in the same manner with half the quantity of alcohol.

The alcohol was evaporated, and the residual dry salt was again treated with alcohol; but only with a quantity sufficient to take up the most soluble salts, and to separate a portion of common salt which had been dissolved along with them by the alcohol in the first process. The alcohol, being evaporated, left behind 174 grains of a salt mass, consisting of a mixture of muriate of magnesia and muriate of lime.

To determine the proportions of these two salts, the mass was dissolved in water, and precipitated while boiling by carbonate of soda. The edulcorated precipitate was mixed with water, saturated with sulphuric acid, and the liquor was evaporated to dryness. By washing the dry mass with a little water, the sulphate of magnesia was separated from the sulphate of lime, and the magnesia was precipitated at a boiling temperature by carbonate of soda. The preci pitated magnesia, which when edulcorated and dried weighed 70 grains, was neutralized with muriatic acid, and the solution evaporated to dryness. The muriate of magnesia, thus restored, was found to weigh, while still warm, 121 grains. By subtracting this quantity from the original 179 grains, we obtain 53 grains as the weight of the muriate of lime,

The muriate of soda, freed by means of alcohol from the salts soluble in that liquid, weighed, after being well dried, 38 grâius. But we may reckon 39 grains, the grain of difference wanting to make up the sum total of the salts, being obviously owing to the greater degree of dryness given in the last processes than in the. first. The muriate of sodą was dissolved in water, and tried with

carbonate of soda and muriate of barytes. No precipitation ensued; a proof that it contained no sulphate of lime.

In 100 parts of the water brought by the Abbé Mariti from the lake of Asphaltum, or Dead Sea, and examined by me, there were contained, therefore,

The result of these experiments approaches that of Macquer, Lavoisier, and Sage. But the analysis of Dr. Marcet is a good deal different, owing in all probability to the complicated processes and calculations which he followed.

The specific gravity of the water, as stated by the French chemists, agrees likewise very nearly with mine. The sum of the saline ingredients, as stated by these gentlemen, exceeds what I obtained by i grains. This was probably owing to their being in a less degree of dryness; for it is well known, that the two earthy muriates absorb water from the atmosphere while cooling.

The somewhat smaller specific gravity found by Dr. Marcet repders it probable that the water which he examined was collected not far from the place where one of the streams of the river Jordan falls into the Dead Sea.

To give an example of the difference of the ingredients of this water from those of the ocean, I make choice of the specimen of sea-water which Sparrman drew in the month of July, 1776, in the latitude of the Canary Islands, from a depth of 60 fathoms, aud which Bergman analysed. He found its specific gravity 1.0289; and a Swedish kanne = 100 Swedish cubic inches gave him

The principal difference between the water of the ocean and that of the Dead Sea, consists in this remarkable circumstance, that in the latter the earthy muriates, which give the water its great sharp. ness and bitterness, exceed the proportion of common salt 4 times; while, on the contrary, the common salt exceeds the others nearly 'as much in the water of the ocean.

[Thomson's Annals of Philosophy, Vol. I.]

Ulswater Lake, and the surrounding Scenery.

From Mr. Gray to Dr. Wharton

Aston, Oct. 18, 1769.

I HOPE you got safe and well home after that troublesome night. I long to hear you say so. For me, I have continued well, been so favoured by the weather, that my walks have never once been hin dered till yesterday (that is a fortnight and three or four days, and a journey of more than 300 miles). I am now at Aston for twe days. To-morrow I go to Cambridge. Mason is not here, but Mr. Alderson receives me. According to my promise I send you the first sheet of my journal, to be continued without end.

Sept. 30. A mile and and a half from Brough, where we parted, on a hill lay a great army encamped: to the left opened a fine valley with green meadows and hedge-rows, a gentleman's house peep. ing forth from a grove of old trees. On a nearer approach appeared myriads of cattle and horses in the road itself, and in all the fields round me, a brisk stream hurrying cross the way, thousands of clean healthy people in their best party-coloured apparel: farmers and their families, esquires and their daughters, hastening up from the dales and down the fells from every quarter, glittering in the sun, and pressing forward to join the throng. While the dark hills, on whose tops the mists were yet hanging, served as a contrast to this gay and moving scene, which continued for near two miles more along the road, and the croud (coming towards it) reached on as far as Appleby. On the ascent of the hill above Appleby the thick hanging wood, and the long reaches of the Eden, clear, rapid, and as full as ever, winding below, with views of the castle and town, gave much employment to the mirror; but now the sun was wanting, and the sky overcast. Oats and barley cut every where, but not carried in. Passed Kirbythore, Sir William Dalston's house at Acorn-Bank, Whinfield Park, Harthorn Oaks, Countess-Pillar,