B.C.

20. Men belonging to the Gadianton band usurped the judgmentseat (p. 407, par. 1).

18. Nephi prophesied many important things against his people (p. 416, par. 15).

14. Three years' famine brought the people to repentance, and caused them to destroy the Gadianton robbers (p. 417, pars. 2, 3).

13. Peace being restored, the people spread themselves abroad, to repair their waste places (p. 418, par. 4).

12. The majority of the people, both Nephites and Lamanites, became members of the Church (p. 418, par. 4).

9. Certain dissenters among the Nephites stirred up the Lamanites against their brethren, and they revived the secrets of Gadianton (p. 419, par. 5).

5. The Lamanites prevailed against the Nephites, because of their great wickedness (p. 420, par. 7).

4. Samuel the Lamanite performed a mission among the Nephites (p. 422, par. 1).

A.C.

1. Great signs and wonders were given unto the people, and the words of the Prophets began to be fulfilled (p. 431, par. 10).

Lachoneus was the chief judge and governor of the land. Nephi gave the records into the hands of his son Nephi (p. 432, par. 1).

The Lord revealed to Nephi that he would come into the world the next day, and many signs of his coming were given (p. 433, par. 3).

3. The Gadianton robbers committed many depredations (p. 434, par. 6).

4. The Gadianton robbers greatly increased (p. 434, par. 6).

9. The Nephites began to reckon their time from the coming of Christ (p. 435, par. 8).

13. The Nephites were joined by many of the Lamanites in defense against the robbers, who had now become very numerous and formidable (p. 436, par. 9).

15. The Nephites were worsted in several engagements (p. 436, par. 10).

16. Gidgidoni, who was a chief judge and a great prophet, was appointed commander-in-chief (p. 438, par. 3).

17. The Nephites gathered themselves together for the purpose of mutual defense, and provided themselves with seven years' provisions (p. 439, par. 4).

19. A great battle was fought between the Nephites and the Gadianton robbers, in which the latter were defeated, and their leader, Giddianhi, was slain (p. 440, pars. 6, 8).

21. The Nephites slew tens of thousands of the robbers, and took all that were alive prisoners, and hanged their leader, Femnarihah (p. 441, 442, pars. 9, 10).

25. Mormon made new plates, upon which he made a record of what

A.C.

MORMON CHRONOLOGY.

415

took place from the time Lehi left Jerusalem until his own day, and also a history of his own times (p. 443, par. 11). 26. The Nephites spread themselves abroad on their former possessions (p. 445, par. 1).

30. Lachoneus, the son of Lachoneus, was appointed governor of the land. He was murdered, and the people became divided into numerous tribes (p. 446, 447, pars. 3, 4).

31. Nephi having great faith in God, angels did minister to him daily (p. 449, par. 8).

32. The few who were converted through the preaching of Nephi were greatly blessed of God (p. 449, par. 10).

33. Many were baptized into the Church (p. 449, par. 10).

34. A terrible tempest took place, which changed and deformed the whole face of the land. Three days elapsed during which no light was seen.

The voice of Jesus Christ was heard by all the people of the land, declaring that he had caused this destruction, and commanding them to cease to offer burnt-offerings and sacrifices (p. 453, pars. 7, 8).

35. In this year Jesus Christ appeared among the Nephites, and unfolded to them at large the principles of the Gospel (p. 455, pars. 11, 1). The apostles of Christ formed a Church of Christ (p. 492, par. 1).

36. Both the Nephites and the Lamanites were all converted, and had all things in common (p. 492, par. 2).

37. Many miracles were wrought by the disciples of Jesus (p. 492, par. 3).

59. The people rebuilt the city of Zarahemla, and were very prosperous (p. 493, par. 3).

100. The disciples of Jesus, whom he had chosen, had all gone to Paradise except the three who obtained the promise that they should not taste of death (p. 493, par. 5).

110. Nephi died, and his son Amos kept the record (p. 493, par.

6).

194. Amos died, and his son Amos kept the record (p. 494, par. 7). 201. The people ceased to have all things in common; they became proud, and were divided into classes (p. 494, par. 7).

210. There were many churches who were opposed to the true Church of Christ (p. 494, par. 8).

230. The people dwindled in unbelief and wickedness from year to year (p. 494, par. 8).

231. A great division took place among the people (p. 495, par. 8). 244. The wicked part of the people became stronger and more numerous than the righteous (p. 495, par. 9).

260. The people began to build up the secret oaths and combinations of Gadianton (p. 495, par. 9).

300. The Gadianton robbers spread themselves all over the face of the land (p. 496, par. 10).

305. Amos died, and his brother Ammaron kept the record in his stead (p. 496, par. 11).

320. Ammaron hid up all the sacred records unto the Lord, and

gave

A.C.

commandment unto Mormon concerning them (p. 496, pars. 11, 1). 321. A war commenced between the Nephites and Lamanites, in which the former were victorious (p. 497, par. 2).

325. Mormon was restrained from preaching to the people, and because of their wickedness, and the prevalence of sorceries, witchcrafts, and magic, their treasures slipped away from them (p. 497, par. 2).

326. Mormon was appointed leader of the Nephite armies (p. 498, par. 3).

330. A great battle took place in the land of Joshua, in which the Nephites were victorious (p. 498, par. 3).

344. Thousands of the Nephites were hewn down in their open rebellion against God (p. 499, par. 4).

345. Mormon had obtained the plates according to commandment of Ammaron, and he made an account of the wickedness and abominations of his people (p. 499, par. 5).

346. The Nephites were driven northward to the land of Shem, and there fought and beat a powerful army of the Lamanites (p. 500, par. 6).

349. The Nephites obtained by treaty all the land of their inheritance, and a ten years' peace ensued (p. 500, par. 6).

360. The king of the Lamanites sent an epistle to Mormon indicating that they were again preparing for war (p. 501, par. 7).

361. A battle took place near the City of Desolation. The Nephites were victorious (p. 501, par. 8).

362. A second battle ensued with the like result (p. 501, par. 8). Mormon now gave up the command of the Nephite army (p. 501, par. 9).

363. The Lamanites obtained a signal victory over the Nephites, and took possession of the City of Desolation (p. 502, par. 1). 364. The Nephites retook the City of Desolation (p. 503, par. 2). 366. The Lamanites again took possession of the City of Desolation, and also succeeded in taking the City of Teancum (p. 503, par. 3).

367. The Nephites avenged the murder of their wives and children, and drove the Lamanites out of their land; and ten years' peace ensued (p. 503, par. 3).

375. The Lamanites came again to battle with the Nephites, and beat them (p. 504, par. 3).

The Nephites from this time forth were prevailed against by the Lamanites; Mormon therefore took all the records which Ammaron had hid up unto the Lord (p. 504, par. 3). 379. Mormon resumed the command of the Nephite armies (p. 504, par. 4).

380. Mormon wrote an abridged account of the events which he had seen (p. 505, par. 5).

384. The Nephites encamped around the hill Cumorah. Mormon hid up in the hill Cumorah all the plates that were committed to his trust, except a few which he gave to his son Moroni (p. 507, pars. 1, 2).

A.C.

The battle of Cumorah was fought, in which two hundred and thirty thousand of the Nephites were slain (p. 507, pars. 2, 3). 400. All the Nephites, as a distinct people, except Moroni, were destroyed (p. 509, par. 1).

421. Moroni finished and sealed up all the records, according to the commandment of God (p. 561, par. 1).

CHAPTER X.

Farther Observations at Great Salt Lake City.

ONE of my last visits was to the court-house on an interesting occasion. The Palais de Justice is near where the old fort once was, in the western part of the settlement. It is an unfinished building of adobe, based on red sandstone, with a flag-staff and a tinned roof, which gives it a somewhat Muscovite appearance, and it cost $20,000. The courts and Legislature sit in a neat room, with curtains and chandeliers, and polished pine-wood furniture, all as yet unfaded. The occasion which had gathered together the notabilities of the place was this: Mr. Peter Dotson, the United States Marshal of the Territory, living at Camp Floyd, and being on the opposition side, had made himself the Mormons say an unscrupulous partisan. In July, 1859, he came from the cantonment armed with a writ issued by Mr. Delana R. Eckels, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and accompanied by two officers of the United States Army, to the Holy City for the purpose of arresting a Mr. Mackenzie-now in the Penitentiary for counterfeiting "quarter-masters' drafts"-an engraver by profession, and then working in the Deserét store of Mr. Brigham Young. Forgery and false coining are associated in the Gentile mind with Mormonism, and inveterately so; whether truly or not, I can not say it is highly probable that Mr. Bogus's* habitat is not limited by latitude, altitude, or longitude; at the same time, the Saints are too much en évidence to entertain him publicly. The marshal, probably not aware that the Territory had passed no law enabling the myrmidons of justice to seize suspi cious implements and apparatus made main forte, levied, despite due notice, upon what he found appertaining to Mr. Mackenzie, a Bible, a Book of Mormon, and-here was the rub-the copper plates of the Deserét Currency Association. This plunder was deposited for the night with the governor, and was carried in a

Bogus, according to Mr. Bartlett, who quotes the "Boston Courier" of June 12, 1857, is a Western corruption of Borghese, "a very corrupt individual, who, twenty years ago or more, did a tremendous business in the way of supplying the great West and portions of the Southwest with counterfeit bills and drafts on fictitious banks." The word is now applied in the sense of sham, forged, counterfeit, and so on; there are bogus laws and bogus members; in fact, bogus enters every where.

DD

sack on the next day to Camp Floyd. Then the anti-Mormons sang Io peans; they had-to use a Western phrase "got the dead wood on Brigham;" letters traced back to officials appeared in the Eastern and other papers, announcing to the public that the Prophet was a detected forger. Presently, the true character of the copper plates appearing, they were generously offered back; but, as trespass had been committed, to say nothing of libel, and as all concerned in the affair were obnoxious men, it was resolved to try law. A civil suit was instituted, and a sum of $1600 was claimed for damage done to the plates by scratching, and for loss of service, which hindered business in the city. The unfortunate marshal, who was probably a "cat's-paw," had "caught a Tartar;" he possessed a house and furniture, a carriage and horses, all of which were attached, and the case of "Brigham Young, sen., vs. P. K. Dotson," ended in a verdict for the plaintiff, viz., value of plates destroyed, $1668; damages, $648 66. The anti-Mormons declared him a martyr; the Mormons, a vicious fool; and sensible Gentiles asserted that he was rightly served for showing evil animus. The case might have ended badly but for the prudence of the governor. Had a descent been made for the purpose of arrest upon the Prophet's house, the consequences would certainly have been serious to the last degree.

The cause was tried in the Probate Court, which I have explained to be a Territorial, not a federal court. The Honorable Elias Smith presided, and the arguments for the prosecution and the defense were conducted by the ablest Mormon and anti-Mormon lawyers. I attended the house, and carefully watched the proceedings, to detect, if possible, intimidation or misdirection; every thing was done with even-handed justice. The physical aspect of the court was that which foreign travelers in the Far West delight to describe and ridicule, wholly forgetting that they have seen the same scene much nearer home. His honor sat with his chair tilted back and his boots on the table, exactly as if he had been an Anglo-Indian collector and magistrate, while by a certain contraction and expansion of the dexter corner of his wellclosed mouth I suspected the existence of the quid. The position is queer, but not more so than that of a judge at Westminster sleeping soundly, in the attitude of Pisa's leaning monster, upon the bench. By the justice's side sat the portly figure of Dr. Kay, opposite him the reporters, at other tables the attorneys; the witnesses stood up between the tables, the jury were on the left, and the public, including the governor, was distributed like wallflowers on benches around the room.

There is a certain monotony of life in Great Salt Lake City which does not render the subject favorable for description. Moreover, a Moslem gloom, the result of austere morals and manners, of the semi-seclusion of the sex, and, in my case, of a reserve arising toward a stranger who appeared in the train of federal offi