Heretics. In this chapel is the tomb of Guido René. The ceiling of the dome over the high altar was frescoed by Michael Angelo. Notice in the left transept the preserved body of Serophini Coppone, who died 400 years ago: without the swathing of the Egyptian mummies, it has been kept in a much better state of preservation. San Giacomo Maggiore, situated in the street San Donato, near the tower of Asinelle, was founded in 1267, and restored in 1862. The pictures contained in the different chapels are very fine. The Madonna in the chapel of the Bentivola family is considered the masterpiece of Francia Francia. 380 feet long and 156 wide. It is surrounded by chapels, which are the most remarkable part of the building; most of them were magnificently frescoed, but are now much faded. Notice in one of the chapels on the left as you enter (Bacciochi) the monuments of Elisa Bonaparte, her husband, and four children: they are the work of the two Franzoni, and are of the purest white marble. The altar-piece is by Costa-a Madonna on the Throne surrounded by saints. Notice some very curious frescoes in the second chapel on the night. On the floor of the church may be seen the meridional line traced by the astronomer Cassini in 1653. On the 24th day of February, 1530, Pope Clement VII. crowned the Emperor Charles V. under the canopy of the choir. This was the last German emperor crowned in Italy. Notice, while examining the models of the church, the bas-reliefs by Proporzia di Rossi. This beautiful and most remarkable Academia delle Belle Arti, containing one young woman, who was equally proficient of the finest picture-galleries in Italy, is sitas an engraver, sculptor, musician, and uated in the northeastern part of the city. painter, was celebrated for her attachment | In addition to the gallery of paintings, it to a young man named Malvasia, who for contains the Arsenal, where quantities of a long time was indifferent to her love (al- arms captured from different nations are though in the end he did succumb). In stored. The gallery can be visited every her representation of Joseph and Potiphar's day. It comprises eight saloons. The wife, she carved her own portrait to repre-principal gems in this collection are Rasent the latter and her lover that of Joseph. The second chapel on the left as you enter contains a golden safe let into the wall over the altar: it contains the head of St. Petronius, the patron saint of the city. Next in importance to St. Petronius is the Church of St. Dominico, founded by that saint in the 12th century. St. Dominico was born in Castile, Spain, in 1170, and became the founder of the celebrated order of monks called the Dominicans: he lived for a long time in the convent attached to this church. In the chapel of St. Dominico is his tomb, surmounted with a cupola, and decorated with bas-reliefs, representing scenes in the life of that saint, by Piasano. A small kneeling angel in white marble, to the left of the altar, is by Michael Ángelo. This tomb is considered one of the finest works of the 13th century. Opposite to this is the Chapel of the Rosary, which is ornamented with frescoes by Guido and Caracci. Notice on the left St. Dominico burning the Books of the The Cathedral Church of St. Pietro, commenced in 1605, contains but a single nave. The picture of the Annunciation, over the high altar, is the last work of Louis Caracci. phael's St. Cecilia in Ecstasies, one of his Guido. In the Rez-de-Chaussée may be seen the pictures of the living artists of Bologna. The studio of Baruzzi, one of Italy's best sculptors, should be visited: he was a pupil of Canova's, and his Venuses are justly celebrated. Also that of Orfeo Orfei, one of Bologna's best modern painters. Notice his two beautiful pictures in the "Academia delle Arti," Dante before Cæsar Borgia, painted by St. Luke, and brought from Conand the Music Lesson. stantinople. The University and Museum of Antiquities should also be visited: the last-named contains a library of 200,000 volumes. The great savan, Joseph Mezzofanti, who was born at Bologna in 1776, was formerly librarian here. He was made a cardinal by Pope Gregory XVI. At the age of 36 he spoke fluently 18 languages, and at his death 42. The rooms in which the library is contained are 18 in number, all connected, the entire length of which is 600 feet, to which are added four more, containing Egyptian curiosities and a large number of most curious relics lately excavated at the Campo Santo (1870), consisting of perfect skeletons in every possible position, and excavated just as they were found, one belonging to a giant seven feet high. Most of the skeletons are 3000 years old; many appear as if their owners had been buried alive. Utensils containing food were found near them, all in a most perfect state. Many weapons composed of stone have also been excavated, said to be 6000 years old. The excavations are still progressing, and promise to be full as interesting as those of Pompeii. The Etruscan vases found are numerous, and of the most elegant patterns. The Campo Santo is one of the most interesting sights in Bologna, and is decidedly the finest in Italy. It is situated outside the Porta St. Isaia, at the western extremity of the town, and was formerly a Carthusian monastery, erected about the middle of the 14th century, but was consecrated in 1801. All the noble families of Bologna have monuments here, and many of them are most magnificent, especially those finished during the last few years, 1870, 1871, and 1872. The monument erected to a member of the Pallavicini family (uncle of the owner of the villa near Genoa) is very beautiful; also that of Letizia Murat Pepoli, erected in 1859. The statue of her father, by Vinc. Vela, is a splendid piece of sculpture. Notice, in the Piazza near the Church of St. Bartolomeo, the two leaning towers of Asinelli and Garisenda. A visit should be made to the royal chateau of St. Michele in Boseo, also to the Church of the Madonna di San Luca, so called from an ancient picture of the Virgin, supposed to have been Not less than two days should be devoted to Bologna. The time from Bologna to Florence via Pistoia is 5 hours. From Bologna to Pistoia: time, 5 hours 30 minutes; fare, 16 frs. 50 c. From Bologna to Brindisi, by rail, via Ancona, distance 475 miles, time 19 hours; fare, 83 frs. 50 c. From Bologna to Ancona, by rail, via Rimini, distance 123 miles, time 4 hours; fare, 21 frs. 65 c. Castel Pietro, with a castle erected by the Bolognese. Imola, a very ancient town of about 10,900 inhabitants, is situated on the Santerno. In the Cathedral of St. Cassiano, where repose the remains of the saint of that name, is also to be seen the tomb of St. Petrus Chrysologus, many years ago Archbishop of Ravenna. There are few objects of interest in Imola. A MS. Bible on parchment, greatly valued by Cardinal Mezzofanti during his life, can be seen at the public library. Innocenzo da Imola, passing most of his time away from the city of his birth, found but little chance to favor it with proofs of his genius. At about 4 miles from Imola is Castel Bologn ese, so called from the castle the Bologn ese built there in 1380. It is memorable as the scene of the defeat of the Florentine army in the year 1454 by the Milanese under Piccinino. The road branches off here to Ravenna. From Castel Bolognese to Ravenna, time 14 hours; fare, 4 frs. 55 c. Leaving Castel Bolognese, and passing Solarolo, we arrive at Lugo, a town of about 8400 inhabitants, where little of interest is to be seen except, perhaps, during the first half of the month of September, at which time a fair has been held ever since the proconsulate of Marcus Æmilius. Three miles from Lugo is the village of Cotignola, the birthplace of Attendolo Sforza, the founder of the illustrious house of that name. The ruins of the castle of Cunio, that famous stronghold of times gone by, may still be seen. We next arrive at Ravenna. This city has some 21,000 inhabitants. The best hotels are the De l'Europe and the Spada d'Oro: the former is new. bringing food to Elijah;" some fine frescoes by his pupils, an urn containing the remains of nine of the former bishops, another containing the ashes of St. Barlatian, the ivory chair of St. Maximian, with his monogram still visible upon it, and, lastly, some remains of the far-famed vinewood door, inclosed in another of modern structure. The Baptistery, an octagonal structure, contains a Parian marble urn brought from the temple of Jupiter at Cæsarea. St. Apollinare Nuovo, a basilica built by Theodoric the Great in the beginning of the sixth century. The rounded arches are supported by twenty-four marble columns brought from Byzantium, and the walls of the nave are adorned with mosaic work, of which the subjects are most inter Few cities in Italy recall more historic-a fresco by the same artist, "An angel al reminiscences than Ravenna. It was founded by the Pelasgi. The Emperor Honorius made it his residence, mostly on account of its military strength. It afterward became the capital of the Western Empire, and still later was taken possession of by the Herulian Odoacer, king of Italy; then by Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, who restored it, in a great measure, to its former splendor. His mausoleum is but a short distance outside the fortifications. The Greek emperors then held the city until the year 752, when they were expelled by Pepin, king of the Franks, who delivered it over to the Pope, from which time the right of possession was very uncertain, it being disputed by the Guelphs, the Ghibellines, and the Polenta family. In 1318 Ravenna chose its own government, but in 1441 internal dis-esting. cord induced the inhabitants to offer the government to Venice, under whose rule they prospered for over half a century. In 1509 it was seized by Julius II., and remained under the Roman See until 1797, when it again changed hands several times within a few years. In the year 1512 one of the bloodiest battles that Italy has ever known took place under its walls. Gaston de Foix, the celebrated French knight, attacked the fortress with the troops of Louis XII. under his command, and won the victory for his country at the price of his own life. Ravenna is a rather unhealthy locality, notwithstanding the great quantity of verdure in the city. Although formerly a sea-port, it is now, owing to the deposition of sediment by the waters of the Po, some three miles from the coast and six miles from its former harbor, which is used for fishery and the coasting trade. The town itself, having become somewhat of a bathing resort, is connected with the sea by the Canale Naviglio, and carries on a large maritime business with the provinces on both sides of the Adriatic. The cathedral, churches, monuments, public edifices, squares, etc., of Ravenna are all well worthy of notice. The Cathedral of St. Orso, founded during the fourth century by the saint of that name, con tains two of Guido Reni's best pictures, the "Falling of the Manna," and the "Meeting of Abraham and Melchisedec;" also The Church of St. Giovanni Evangelista, founded in the year 444 by the Empress Gallia Placidia in fulfilment of a vow. St. Nazario e Celso, the mausoleum of Gallia Placidia, built in the year 440, in which are to be seen the sarcophagi of that empress, of the Emperor Honorius, and of Constantine III. The Tomb of Dante contains the sarcophagus of that poet, with an epitaph of his own composition inscribed upon it. Among other places of imterest which should be visited are the Public Library, containing over 50,000 volumes, besides some valuable MSS. of Dante and Aristophanes, and the Academia delle Belle Arti, where may be seen some fine paintings by native artists. There are several interesting spots outside the city, of which we would recommend to the traveler The Mausoleum of Theodoric the Great, founded by his daughter, Amalasuntha, in the year 530; St. Apollinare in Classe (named after St. Apollinare, who suffered martyrdom in the year 74 under Vespasian), erected in 534, and one of the best preserved early Christian churches in Europe. The tomb in which the remains of the saint once reposed is still in the crypt. Near the Ronco, some two miles from the city, stands the Colonna da Francese, erected in commemoration of the dearlybought and bloody victory of the French under the celebrated Gaston de Foix, in 1512, over the papal troops and their allies. The heroic commander of the French, the pride of his nation and the terror of its enemies, was one of the 20,000 that after the victory lay dead upon the field of battle. Along the road from Ravenna to Cervia stretches the far-famed Pineta, or Pine-tree Forest. Byron often alluded to it, and vies with Dante, Boccaccio, and Dryden in praising its grandeur. It was one of his favorite resorts during his stay in Ravenna, for which place he had a great predilection. His house may still be seen, and is noticeable as having been later the residence of Garibaldi. The traveler, after having done Ravenna, and wishing to avoid any part of the railroad between Bologna and Rimini, may proceed direct to Faenza, Forli, Cesena, or Rimini, otherwise he will return to Castel Bolognese, and thence continue his route. Faenza. Principal hotel La Corona. Faenza, a town of some 17,000 inhabitants, is situated on the Lamone, mentioned by Dante in his Inferno. It was the birthplace of Torricelli, Jacomone, and Bertucci, and is noted for its manufactures of pottery (whence the French word faïence) and for its spinning and weaving of silks, both of which manufactures were introduced at a very early age. The Cathedral of San Costanzo contains a painting of the Holy Family by Innocenzo da Imola, also some bas-reliefs by Benedetto da Majano. A painting of the Holy Virgin and a St. John, both by Guido, may be seen in the Capuchin Convent outside the town. San Maglorio contains a Madonna by Giorgione, and in the Commanda is a painting by Girolamo da Treviso of the Madonna and Child, which is in every way worthy of that great master. A few paintings by native artists are on exhibition at the Pinacotheca. The Palazzo Communale, formerly the palace of the Manfredi, lords of Faenza, should also be visited. Here it was that Galeotto Manfredi was murdered in the night by his jealous wife, Francesca Bentivoglio. The grated window in the centre which witnessed the deed is still shown. This same window is alluded to by Monti in his tragedy on Manfredi. Faenza is connected with the Adriatic by the Nanelli Canal, constructed in 1782. Roads lead from Faenza to Ravenna and Florence. Forli. Principal hotel La Posta. Forli is a finely-built town, containing several churches replete with works of art, which can not fail to interest the traveler. The Cathedral of the Holy Cross is well worth notice on account of its Chapel of the Holy Virgin, the cupola of which was painted by Carlo Cignane; "on which he spent," says Lanzi, “36 years of his life, leaving to posterity one of the finest works of art extant." The Church of St. Girolamo contains a fine painting of the Conception by Guido, some fine frescoes by Palmezzano and Melozzo, and a Virgin and Child by the former. The roof was painted by Melozzo. The church of St. Mercuriale contains some fine paintings by Palmezzano and Innocenzo da Imola. The Campanile, erected in the year 1180, is conspicuous on account of its height and architecture. The Pinacotheca contains some very good paintings by Cignani, Palmezzano, etc. The Citadel, built in the year 1359, and now serving as a prison, is a place of great historical interest. It has sustained two heroic sieges against overwhelming superiority of numbers, and in one case its resistance was crowned with success. Roads lead from Forli to Ravenna and Florence. Cesena (principal hotel La Posta), a town of 8000 inhabitants, is pleasantly situated near the Savio. In the Palazzo Publico is a beautiful painting of the Virgin and Saints by Francesco Francia. The Library, founded in 1452, contains some 4000 MSS. In the Church of Santa Maria del Monte, on a hill about a mile from the city, some interesting relics may be seen. A few miles from Cesena are the wellknown sulphur mines, which, as a natural curiosity, should by all means be visited. Leaving Cesena and crossing the Picciatello, identified with the Rubicon of Cæsarean fame, we reach the Bridge of Augustus, begun by that emperor, and finished by Tiberius more than 18 centuries ago, built of Istrian limestone, and in a fine state of preservation. Crossing this bridge, we arrive at Europa. Rimini contains some 18,000 in- | are two pictures by Titian-the Resurrechabitants, and is situated near the mouth tion and the Eucharist, both of beautiful of the River Marecchia. It is fast becom- execution. ing a place of importance. In 1671 an Returning to Pesaro and continuing our earthquake filled up its harbor and destroy-route, we come to Fanum (in ancient times Fanum Fortunæ, or the temple of Fortune), a small town of 8000 inhabitants. Hotel Tre Re. This was formerly a place of considerable military importance, as the ruins of its fortifications testify. Like Pesaro, it was destroyed by the devastating Totila and rebuilt by Belisarius, and, like Rimini, contains an Arch of Augustus, dedicated to the first emperor of Rome. ed its foreign commerce. It is a very old town, having been taken by Cæsar as early as the year 49 B.C., after his passage of the Rubicon: in the square bearing his name, the stone basement is still to be seen from which he harangued the Roman army after his entrance into the city. In the year 538 the city was besieged by the Visigoths, but was rescued by Belisarius. It afterward belonged for some time to the Malatesti and the popes. The principal objects of interest are the Porta Romana, formerly Arch of Augustus, built in honor of that emperor by the inhabitants; the churches of San Francesco, San Giuliano, and the Palazzo del Comune, in the last of which is a painting representing the Martyrdom of San Giuliano by Paul Veronese. An excursion should be made to the ancient republic of San Marino, the smallest in the world, celebrated for having so vigorously defended its liberty when threat-Sena Gallia), a small fishing town with ened in turn by the popes, the Malatesti, and Napoleon I. It was founded by San Marino in the time of the Christian persecution under Diocletian. The Cathedral of San Fortunato and the churches of Santa Maria Nuova and San Baterniano possess some fine works of art: an Annunciation by Guido Reni, and a Goliath by Domenichino, the former in the Crypt of the Gabrielli and the latter in the Collegio Folfi. A very superb antique theatre should also be visited. Leaving Fanum and crossing the river Metauro, on the banks of which the Romans defeated the Carthaginians under Asdrubal, we reach Sinigaglia (the Roman 8000 inhabitants, containing little to interest the traveler. Hotel Locanda della Fornica. Perhaps the only really pleasant feature of the town is the annual fair held From Rimini to Ancona by rail, distance from the 20th of July to the 8th of August, 58 miles. From Rimini to Brindisi by rail, via Ancona, distance 408 miles. It Pesaro (hotels Leone d'Oro and Italia) is a small town of some 15,000 inhabitants, situated near the mouth of the Foglia. was the birthplace of Pope Innocent XI., of the painter Carilarini, and of the late lamented Rossini. It received a Roman colony as early as 184 B.C. Long after, it was destroyed by Totila and rebuilt by Belisarius. Its principal manufactures are silk, pottery, and wax. A diligence ride of 5 or 6 hours may be taken from Pesaro to Urbino (fare 3 fr.), a town of 12,000 inhabitants, situated on the Metauro. Urbino is celebrated as being the birthplace of Raphael. It possesses the oldest academy in Italy, some churches, and other public edifices and monuments, which should be visited if the trip is made. Among these we will mention the Ducal Palace, the Cathedral, and the church of San Francesco di Paoli, in which in accordance with a custom of over 600 years standing. People flock to the town during the above-mentioned period from all parts of Italy. Ancona, capital of the province of Marea, contains 45,000 inhabitants, of which a seventh are Jews. Principal hotel, Victoria. The city was called Ancona from the form of a promontory near it, which greatly resembles an elbow (in Greek arikōn). An elbow now forms part of the arms of the town. Ancona, both in ancient and modern times, has been a place of great military importance, as its fortifications will show. It was founded by a colony of Syracusans during the time of the persecutions under Dionysius. The Romans occupied the town 268 B.C., and it was entered by Cæsar after the passage of the Rubicon. A free republic in the Middle Ages, in 1532 Ancona placed itself under the protection of the Pope. Taken by the French in 1797, by the Russians in 1799, it was restored to the Pope in the |