Here is pretty good evidence that the church of Rome is, in principle, the same as she formerly was. But it may be asked, does it appear from this treatise that the tenet, so immediately affecting us Protestants, that it is lawful to break faith with heretics, is a tenet of that church? The professor, it must be owned, most solemnly disclaims, on the part of his church, this most obnoxious tenet. But this disclaimer is shewn by the author to be of no value. The proceedings of the council of Constance, it is well known, constitute the principal ground for charging the Roman church with maintaining, and acting upon, the tenet in question. The professor enters upon a formal investigation of those proceedings, which he does not scruple to defend throughout. But how can such defence be reconciled with a disavowal of the doctrine, that it is lawful to break faith with heretics? The fact is, as the author has shewn, that the council of Constance did not maintain or act upon this doctrine, in its abstract sense. The principle which governed the proceedings of that council, and which it sanctioned by its formal decrees, was, that faith is not to be kept with heretics to the prejudice of the Catholic faith-that is to say, where the interest of the church is concerned every other consideration is to give way. If while the treatise disclaims this general principle a reservation is made in favour of its application to all cases affecting the welfare of the church, we must agree with the author, that this is at best but a poor evasion. "The principle," says the writer, "in its qualified sense, is quite sufficient for all purposes of the present controversy. It is coextensive with all questions that can arise between Roman Catholics and Protestants, as such; for all such questions do more or less involve the interests of the Romish church. It is, therefore, absolutely conclusive against the proposal, so often made to us, to admit the members of that church to a participation of power; for it shews that no engagements into which such persons may enter, by way of security to a Protestant state, (we wish the proposers of new securities to attend to this argument) can restrain them from doing every thing in their power for the advancement of their own church, or the overthrow of an heretical establishment; since, if such engagements were so to restrain them, they would operate to the prejudice of the Catholic faith."

,,་ ་

The author having thus shewn, that the church of Rome not only still maintains, but is actually inculcating among our fellowsubjects of the Romish persuasion the obnoxious tenets-that there is no salvation out of that church-that the church is in

fallible-and that faith is not to be kept with heretics to the prejudice of the Catholic church-together with the doctrine of the pope's universal supremacy-he proceeds to consider the practical effects which such tenets must tend to produce, and to point out the danger to a Protestant establishment, and to the inestimable privilege of religious toleration, with which they are necessarily fraught. Of this very useful part of his work we can only present our readers with the following specimen:

"Thus does the church of Rome still maintain and inculcate, upon the infallible authority of its general councils, principles, which are at direct variance with both civil and religious liberty, with the obligations of morality, and with the independence of states. Thus does it carefully uphold and preserve the two grand pillars of its despotism over the mind, by teaching its members-that it is infallible-and that out of its pale there is no hope of salvation. It is evident that the human mind, when under the influence of these principles, must be completely shackled. The doctrine of infallibility shuts the door to doubt, and consequently to research: while the belief that out of the church there is no salvation converts the keenest sensibilities of our nature into invincible prejudices; and enlists our liveliest hopes, and our most agonizing fears, in the firm and zealous maintenance of that faith and disci pline, on an invariable adherence to which so much is supposed to depend. But the above tenets, besides depriving the mind of its native freedom, impel those who embrace them to deny that freedom to others. Such persons cannot recognize any right to dissent from their creed, or to separate from their church. They must, if they have any love for their fellow-creatures, be intolerant. They must, if they have any feelings of humanity, close, as far as they are able, the avenues to eternal destruction.-They must, if they be sincere in their religious professions, become persecutors, provided they have the power to persecute. With them, persecution is, not a vindictive, but a humane-a conservative principle. At all events, though restrained, for want of oppor tunity, from actual persecution, they must, upon principle, ever be decided foes to toleration." (P. 147, 148.)

The author's remarks on the political character of popery are highly deserving of attention. Of the ninth chapter we shall content ourselves with saying, that it completely fulfils the promise of its title, by shewing "the absurdity of the supposition that the Roman Catholics would be satisfied with the concession of their present claims."

The publication of this tract has been followed by that of a Supplement, proving, by a single but conclusive argument, that

Roman Catholics are, upon principle, irreconcileably hostile to all Protestant establishments. From this Supplement we shall extract a maxim, well deserving the notice of those statesmen who are inclined to pay more attention to the professions than to the principles of mankind.

66

Principles are the natural source of human action, affording the only safe rule of judging what would be the probable conduct of men in any given case; and when professed by large bodies of men, they invariably prevail over all other impulses whatsoever." (F. 24.)

LIST

OF

NEW WORKS

PUBLISHED

IN THE MONTHS OF DECEMBER, JANUARY, AND
FEBRUARY, 1813-14.

Shortly will be published,

A NEW EDITION OF

A TREATISE ON WILLS AND CODICILS,

With many entire new Chapters, particularly on the Duties and Powers of Executors and Administrators, and on the Effect and Extent of descriptive and limiting Words; to which will be annexed, numerous useful Precedents, accompanied by practical Notes and Observations.

By WILLIAM ROBERTS,

Of Lincoln's Inn, Esq. Barrister at Law.

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VOL. V. NO. X.

M M

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