Caerleon-upon-Usk, 497 sq.
Caerwent, remains of temple at, 479
Caesar, Julius, 78, 459 sq.; cited, 462 sqq.,
630 sq., 639
Caesarea in Bithynia, Bishop of. See
Theodosius
Caesarea in Cappadocia, 274; Persians in,
285, 288; the Romans recover, 289 sq.;
Heraclius assembles his army at, 293;
forced to pay tribute, 393; 394
Caesarea in Cappadocia, Bishops of. See
Basil, Theodoer Askidas
Caesarea in Mauretania, 224
Caesarea in Palestine (Kaisārīya), law
school suppressed, 61; 287; Persians at,
290; and the Arab invasion, 341, 343;
taken, 345; 349
Caesarius, Bishop of Arles, founds monas-
teries, 147
Caesena, castles of, occupied by Liutprand,
214
Cahors, Bishop of. See Didier
Cairo, 350; founded, 379; 389
Caisselire, church founded at, 506
Calabria, ducatus of, 228, 232 sq.; Saracens
attack, 383 sq.; Saracens expelled from,
387 sq.; 539; Byzantines defeated in,
602; 693
Calendar, the sacred, of the Arabs, 326 sq.
Caliphs, Caliphate, the, 330 sq.; origin of
title, 333; 339; at Damascus, 346; 353,
365; foreign policy of, 373; 376, 378, 386
Calistus, Patriarch of Aquileia, quarrels
with Pemmo of Friuli, 213
Calleva Atrebatum. See Silchester
Callinicum, battle of, 28; fort at, 33; 265;
taken by the Persians, 288
Callinicus, Patriarch of Constantinople,
409; crowns Leontius, 410; blinded and
banished, 411
Callinicus, exarch, concludes an armistice
with the Lombards, 201; welcomed by
Gregory, 249; renews war; 250
Callinicus, Syrian architect, invents Greek
fire, 397
Calonymus, island, Heraclius at, 288
Calor, River, Constans II defeated on, 394
Camacha, fortress, 397; taken by Arabs,
412
Cambodunum, Campodunum. See Slack
Camboses, Arab leader, 267
Cambrai, 128
Cambridge, statutes of the thanes gild in,
cited, 636
Cambyses, 689
Camel battle, the, 356 sq.
Camelorigi, 473
Camillus, 17
Campagna, the, devastated by Lombards,
Campania, the, Totila in, 16; Narses in,
18; 231, 234
Campulus, sacellarius, plans the attack on
Leo III, 703
Campus madius (Mayfield), annual assem-
bly, 135, 581, 669
Campus martius (Marchfield), annual as-
sembly, 135, 581, 669
Campus Vocladensis. See Vouglé
Camulodunum (Camalodunum). See Col-
chester
Camulorigho, 473
Camulos (Camalos), god, 473
Candida Casa, Bishop of. See Ninian
Candidus, presbyter, represents Gregory
the Great in Gaul, 146
Cantabri, Cantabrians, the, insurrection of,
167; 459
Cantabria, 159, 162, 191
Cantabria, Fafila (Fairla), Duke of, ban-
ished and slain, 182
Canterbury, Augustine at, 516-519; Raed-
wald baptised at, 521; 527, 557; and
Offa, 565; school of, founded, 573; and
the see of Rome, 697
Canterbury, Bishops and Archbishops of.
See Augustine, Becket, Berctwald, Cuth-
bert, Frithonas, Honorius, Justus, Lau-
rentius, Tatwin, Theodore, Wighard
Canute. See Knut
Capitulare Heristallense, 670
Cappadocia, 39; the Persians occupy, 285;
Priscus commands in, 288; 293; Valen-
tine in, 392; 395 sq.; Arabs in, 417
Capsa, 224
Capua, Alemanni defeated near, 18; plun-
dered by Saracens, 386; Constans II
threatens, 394; Charles the Great ad-
vances to, 601
Capua, Count of, helps Grimoald of Bene-
vento, 204
Caput-Vada, Belisarius lands at, 12
Caracalla, Emperor, 87
Caralis, Lake, 396
Carantani, 445
Carantania (pagus Crauuti), 437, 443, 452,
608 sq.
Carbonaria, island, Baian and Theognis
negotiate on, 276
Carcassonne, captured by Ostrogoths, 114,
161; bishopric established at, 142; Arab
army reaches, 605
Carinthia, peasant duke in, 446, 448;
452; work of St Amandus in, 534;
608
Carinthians, the, and their peasant princes,
449, 457
Carisiacum. See Quierzy-sur-Oise
Carlisle (Luguvallium), 472 sq., 475
Carloman, son of Charles Martel, receives
half the kingdom, 130, 699; becomes a
monk, 131, 541, 576, 699; and the
reform of the Frankish Church, 146;
sent as ambassador to Pepin, 216, 584;
and Boniface, 539 sq.; 580 sq.; goes to
Monte Cassino, 583; 586; and the land
of the Church, 646
Carloman, son of Pepin III, dies, 219, 701;
Charles the Great seizes realm of, ib.;
widow and children of, take refuge with
Desiderius, 219 sq., 701; anointed king,
584; 589; inherits half the kingdom,
594 sq., 701; crowned king, ib.; death,
596, 701; 599; 670; blessed by Ste-
phen III, 699
Carloman, West Frankish king, description
of the court of Charles the Great written
for, 668 sq.
Carlovingians.
Carlsburg, built, 611
Carminum Liber, of Venantius Fortunatus,
164
Carmona, resists Arab attack, 372
Carnarvonshire, 472
Carnavalet Museum, Paris, statuette of
Charles the Great in, 626
Carniola, župans in, 446, 448
Carnutes, the, 464, 468, 470
Carolingians (Carlovingians), the, 130, 135,
581, ch. xx passim, 706
Carpathian Mts, 418, 426, 430, 432, 435,
437; boundary of Bulgarian kingdom,
440; 442
Carpentras, taken by Theodoric, 117
Carrarich, King of the Sueves, 165 sq.
Carrawburgh, Keltic remains near, 479
Carrhae, fort at, 33
Carteya, taken by Muslims, 184
Carthage, taken by Belisarius, 12 sq.; re-
built, 24; 224; church council held at,
252; death of Ingundis at, 259; 291,
366; and the patricius Gregory, 367;
and Dinār, 368; taken by the Saracens,
369; lost and retaken, 370; 381; Arabs
driven from, 410
Carthage, Bishop of. See Dominicus
Carthagena, taken by imperialists, 19; 170;
on trade route, 191
Carthagena, Bishop of. See Licinianus
Carthaginensis, held in part by Visigoths,
159, 164
Carthaginians, the, 463, 468
Carvoran, inscriptions at, 475 sq.
Cashel, Bishop of. See Cormac
Casia, island, Avars and Romans negotiate
on, 276
Caspian (Caucasian) Gates, Huns in, 28
Caspian Sea, the, 41, 427 sq.
Cassian, 147
Cassiodorus, Magnus Aurelius, cited, 160
Castellane (civitas Salinensium), 142
Castlesteads, inscription at, 475
Castor and Pollux, 485
Castrogiovanni, resists Arab attack, 382;
390
Catalonia, 167
Catholicism, Hermenegild refuses to abjure,
170; Recared's conversion to, 171 sq.,
259; becomes religion of Visigothic state,
172, 260; influences Visigothic legislation,
189; hastens extinction of Visigothic
language, 192; Arian bishop of Pavia
converted to, 204; spreads throughout
Italy, 206; 239; spreads among the
Lombards, 250
Catholics, the, protected by Justinian, 5,
44; persecuted by Vandals in Africa,
9 sq.;
48; offended by Justinian's
policy, 49; and Clovis, 112, 160; and
Agila, 163; and Athanagild, 164; and
the conversion of Hermenegild, 168;
Leovigild's treatment of, 169; strong
position of, in Spain, 171 sq.; Jewish
children to be married to, 181; favoured
by Theodelinda's government, 202; and
Aripert, 204
Catterick, 523
Caucasus Mts, Roman influence over tribes
in, 7, 28; send recruits to imperial army,
11; Huns in, 28; 29 sq., 35; 279; Hera-
clius finds allies in, 294, 297; 349, 353;
form boundary of Caliph's territory, 354;
406, 416, 427
Cavaillon, taken by Theodoric, 117
Ceadwalla, King of Wessex, rise of, 559 sq.;
baptism, 560; death, ib.; 561, 563, 566
Ceaiius, god, 473
Ceccano, castle of, taken by Lombards, 215
Cedd, brother of Chad, missionary to
Mercia, 528; consecrated bishop for
Essex, 529, 546; death, ib.; 547
Celestine I, Pope, 500; sends Palladius to
Ireland, 502 sq.
Celin, chaplain to Aethelwald of Deira,
Cell Muine, Britons of, 499
Celtic Church in Britain and Ireland, of
Prof. Zimmern, cited, 505
Cenis, Mt, 216 sq., 220, 225, 589, 598
Cenn Cruaich (Crom Cruaich), idol, de-
stroyed, 478, 506
Centwine, West Saxon prince, forced to
become a monk, 560
Ceollach, Bishop of the Middle Angles and
the Mercians, 528
Ceolred, King of Mercia, 563
Cephallenia, 413
Cerdic, strife in the house of, 560
Ceuta (Septem), Justinian holds, 14, 19,
22; taken by Theudis, 163; 183, 224;
included in Mauretania Secunda, 227,
283; 371; Philagrius banished to, 391
Cevennes Mts, form boundary of Septi-
mania, 160, 581, 592
Ceylon, exports of, 41; 53
Chad, St, abbot of Lastingham, 429; bishop
of York, 530; 555
Chalcedon, Avar embassy sent to, 266;
Kardarigan reaches, 285; Sahîn marches
on, 290; Sahrbarâz stationed at, 295 sq.;
taken by Saracens, 354, 397; Constantine
at, 391; and Valentine's army, 392; 413;
451
Chalcedon, Council of. See Councils, Oecu-
menical
Chalon-sur-Saône, monastery founded at,
Chamavi, the, Folkright of, written down,
673
Champagne, 137; St Columbanus in, 148
Champlien, ancient temple at, 466
Chanson de Roland, 605, 625
Chansons de Geste, the, 625
Chararic, King of the Salian Franks, 110;
death, 115
Charibert, King of Paris, son of Chlotar I,
120; 137; lauded by Fortunatus, 156;
515
Charibert, son of Chlotar II, 125
Charles the Great (Charlemagne), 58, 127;
compared with Charles Martel, 130 sq.;
134, 138; reforms of, 139, 141; 144;
terms of military service under, 154; 155,
158; marries Desiderata, 218, 701;
divorces her, 219, 596, 701; seizes terri-
tory of Carloman, 219; subdues the
Lombards, 220; makes an agreement
about the Pontifical state, 233; renounces
conquest of Venice, 234; and the Sara-
cens, 381; 437 note, 440, 445, 454, 486,
488, 492; and Offa, 563 sq.; and Alcuin,
574; receives Pope Stephen, 584, 699;
and the Papal claims, 587 sqq.; inherits
half the kingdom, 593 sqq.;
passim; parentage, 595; crowned king,
ib.; seizes the inheritance of Carloman's
children, 596; wars of, 597 sqq.; renews
the donation of Pepin, 599, 702; puts
down the revolt of Hrodgaud, 600; and
the Beneventines, 602; his relations with
the pope, 603; invasion of Spain, 604 sq.;
relations with Bavaria, 606 sq.; and the
Avars, 609; extent of empire of, 615;
relations with the Church, ib., 616; and
the Libri Carolini, 616; and Leo III,
619 sq.; crowned emperor, 620 sq.,
704 sq.; significance of the coronation,
621 sqq., 705 sq., 706 and note; death,
625; legends of, 625 sq.; appearance,
626; character, 627; his conception of
empire, 628; importance of, in history,
629; 649; legislation and administration
of, ch. XXI passim; his ideal for the
state, 658 sq.; 687, 694, 696, 700 sq.;
and Hadrian I, 703
Charles Martel, seizes supreme authority,
128; victorious over Arabs, 129, 374;
and Gregory III, 130, 576, 580, 695;
death, 130, 539; divides the kingdom, ib.;
131, 133; gives church preferment to
laymen, 146; seizes church property,
153 sq., 646; and Liutprand, 211; 216;
helps Boniface, 537, 539; 563, 575; and
the Saxons, 610; 682, 698 sq., 702
Charles II, the Bald, Emperor, 626, 660,
668
Charles IV, Emperor, as king of Bohemia,
450
Charles, son of Charles the Great, 612;
campaigns of, 614 sq.; 624, 659
Chartres, 142, 468
Chateaudun, bishopric established at, 142
Chatti, the, 484
Chazars, the, form an alliance with Hera-
clius, 297; 298; defeat the Arabs, 353;
406; Khan of, helps Justinian II, 411;
412; kill officers of Justinian II, 413;
428 sq.; 443
Chedinus, duke, marches against Verona,
200
Chedworth, early Christian relics at, 501
Chekhs (Čechs, Czechs), the, 450, 454 note;
not included in Frankish empire, 614 sq.
Chelles, 122
Chelsea, synod held at, 565
Chennevières, origin of name, 152
Cheriton (Pembrokeshire), 473
Cherso, island, 384
Cherson, walls for defence of, 33; trade
of, 41; Pope Martin banished to, 402;
Justinian II in exile at, 409 sqq.; Jus-
tinian sends expedition against, 412 sq.
Chersonese, the (Crimean). See Crimea
Chersonesus (Thracian), walls of, 33
Chersonites, the, and Justinian II, 412 sq.
Chertsey Abbey, founded, 561
Cherusci, the, 194, 639
Cheshire, 544, 551, 557
Chester, inscription at, 476; battle of, 521;
544, 546
Chesterford, inscription at, 475
Chester-le-Street, inscription at, 474
Childebert I, son of Clovis, inherits part of
kingdom, 116; death, ib.; seizes Bur-
gundy, 117; founds monastery, 119, 147;
133; invades Spain, 119, 162
Childebert II, son of Sigebert, proclaimed
king in Austrasia, 121; minority, 122;
inherits Burgundy, 123; death, ib.; 133;
murders Magnovald, 134; marches
against the Lombards, 199; sister of, be-
trothed to Authari, 200; instructions of
Gregory the Great to, 257 sq.
Childeric, King of the Franks, 109
Childeric III, last Merovingian king, de-
position, 131, 699; made a monk, ib.;
death, 131; 660
Chilperic, King of Soissons, son of Chlotar I,
marriages, 120, 164; at war with Sige-
bert, ib.; character, 121; conquests, 122;
death, ib.; 133, 140; and the Jew Priscus,
156; 641
Chilperic, Burgundian prince, death, 109,
111
Chiltern Hills, the, 553, 560, 564, 572
Chilternsaete, the, subdued by Wulfhere,
China, exports silk, 41 sq.; and the Turks,
269 sq.; the Arabs reach, 363
Chindaswinth, King of the Visigoths, 58;
repressive policy of, 176 sq.; death, 177;
legislation of, 178; 186 sq.; 192
Chinghiz (Genghis) Khan, 453
Chintila, King of the Visigoths, elected,
176; 177, 180
Chiusi, Reginbald, Duke of, conspires
against Charles the Great, 600
Chloderic, Frankish prince, helps Clovis,
113; rebels against Sigebert, 116
Chlomara, fortress of, besieged by Philip-
picus, 278
Chlotar I, son of Clovis, succeeds to Mero-
vingian dominions, 116; death, 117;
invades Burgundy, ib.; marriage, 119;
sons of, 120; 133; founds monastery of
St Médard, 147; invades Spain, 162;
lays a tribute on the Saxons, 610; in-
subordination of his host, 641
Chlotar II, loses part of Neustria, 123; sole
ruler in Gaul, 124; concessions to nobles,
ib.; 125; and the appointment of bishops,
143; 534
Chnaitha, Heraclius at, 298
Chollerford, 525
Chonober, count of Brittany, 116
Chosroes I, Anoushirvan, King of Persia,
attacks Roman territory, 29;
treaty with Rome, 30; harries Asia, 50;
negotiates with Justin II, 266 sq.; tries
to enforce fire-worship, 270; claims the
Roman tribute, 271; takes Dara, 272;
defeated, 274; death, 275
Chosroes II, King of Persia, crowned, 280;
appeals to Rome, ib., 283; restored to his
throne, ib.; Maurice appeals for help to,
282; declares war on Rome, 284; helps
adherents of Maurice against Phocas,
285; advances towards the Mediterra-
nean, 288 sqq.; 292; refuses peace, 293;
defeated, 294; 295; and the Chazars,
297; takes flight before Heraclius, 298;
death, 299
Chramnichis, Frankish duke, defeated, 199
Chramnus, son of Chlotar I, rebels, 116
Christ, teaching of Mahomet concerning,
309
Christ Church, Canterbury, built by Augus-
tine, 519; land book of the monks
preserved, 558
Christianity, spread of, in Asia, 28, 46;
Clovis and, 111 sq.; preached to the
Frisians, 127; 128; preached in Thu-
ringia, Alemannia, and Bavaria, 129;
influence of, in Frankish kingdom, 133 sq.,
142; forced on Jews in Spain, 175 sq.;
192; Lombards accept, 195; 237; char-
acter of, in Gaul, 256; 261; and the
Slavs, 297; among the Arabs, 303;
Mahomet's knowledge of, 306, 308 sq.;
and Islām, 329 sqq.; among the Slavs,
425, 454; 480; brought into Britain,
496-502; brought into Ireland, 502-508;
brought into Scotland, 509–513; brought
to the English, 514-531, 544-547; brought
into Germany, 532-542; changes intro-
duced into England with, 547-551;
brought to the Saxons, 582; preached
to the Avars, 609; preached in vain to
the Saxons, 610; forced on the Saxons,
611 sq.; Danes and Obodrites reject, 614
Christians, 73, 108; and the baptism of
Clovis, 112; under authority of the
bishops, 135; marriages of Jews with,
forbidden, 174; 175; 177; Jews conspire
against, 181; expelled from Nisibis, 272;
leave Caesarea in Cappadocia, 285; and
the restoration of the Holy Cross, 299;
305 sq.; Mahomet's view of, 307 sqq. ;
314 note; Mahomet exacts tribute from,
326; and the Saracens in Sicily, 383; in
Ireland, 502-508
Christne Saga, the, 544
Christopher, turmarch of the Thracesii,
sent to Cherson, 413
Christophorus (Christopher), primicerius,
intervenes in papal election, 218, 696;
killed, ib.; and the Donation of Con-
stantine, 586 note; 702
Chrodegang, Bishop of Metz, by his rule for
the clergy originates secular canons, 143,
592; envoy from Pepin to the pope, 583;
587
Chronicum Novaliciense, cited, 625
Chrysopolis, 405; Arabs at, 412; adherents
of Theodosius at, 416
Chrysostom, St John, Bishop of Constanti-
nople, cited, 500
Church, the, organisation of, in Gaul,
43 sqq.; under the Merovingians, 141-9;
in Britain, ch. XVI (B), ch. XVII passim.
See Catholicism
Church of S. Alphege, Canterbury, 516
S. Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna,
built, 24
the Apostles, Constantinople, built,
40; sepulchre of Justinian in, 264
the Apostles, Paris, built by Clovis, 115
the Archangel, Constantinople, pil-
laged by Avars, 292
SS. Cosmas and Damian in the
Hebdomon, Constantinople, pillaged by
Avars, 291; burnt, 296
Cristo de la Luz, Toledo, 193
S. Euphemia, Chalcedon, Vigilius
takes refuge in, 48
S. Gatien, Tours, Clovis at, 115
S. Geneviève, Paris, 115
S. Germain-des-Près, Paris, 119, 157,
163, 193
S. Hilary, Poitiers, burnt by Arabs, 129
S. Irene, Constantinople, rebuilt, 40
S. John the Baptist, Constantinople,
Phocas crowned in, 282
S. Juan de Baños, Palencia, 193
S. John the Baptist, Pavia, Gunde-
berga allowed Catholic service in, 203
Church of S. Jean, Poitiers, baptistery of,
157
S. John Lateran, Rome, MSS. pre-
served at, 243; synod held in, 401; 582;
founded by Constantine, 586; mosaic
described, 615; 703
S. Laurence, Rome, 703
S. Laurent, Grenoble, crypt of, 157
S. Martin, Canterbury, possibly
Romano-British, 501; English converts
at, 516, 519
S. Martin, Tours, Clovis at, 115; 157
S. Médard, Soissons, Chlotar buried
in, 117
S. Miguel de Escalada, Leon, 193
S. Miguel de Tarrasa, Toledo, 193
S. Nicholas, Constantinople, burnt,
296
S. Pancras, Canterbury, a heathen
temple converted into, 519
the Pantheon, Paris, 115
the Pantheon, Rome, despoiled by
Constans II, 394
S. Paul without the Walls, Rome,
plundered by Saracens, 385; founded by
Constantine, 586
S. Pedro de Nave, Burguillos, 193
S. Peter, Bremen, built, 613
S. Peter, Rome, Ratchis makes pilgrim-
age to, 215; Gregory the Great conse-
crated in, 240; Agilulf meets Gregory at,
245; plundered by Saracens,385; Pyrrhus
condemned in, 401; picture of the sixth
synod placed in, 414; 524; founded by
Constantine, 586; reception of Charles
the Great at (774), 599; Leo III escapes
to, 619, 704; assembly held in, to con-
sider case of Leo III, 620, 704; imperial
coronation of Charles the Great in, ib.
S. Peter and S. Paul (S. Augustine's),
Canterbury, built, 519
S. Peter in Hormisda, Constantinople,
Vigilius takes refuge in, 47
S. Roman de la Hornija, Palencia,
193
SS. Sergius and Bacchus, Constanti-
nople, built, 40
S. Sophia, Constantinople, built by
Justinian, 4, 40; coronation of Justinian
and Theodora in, 7; Fifth Oecumenical
Council held in, 48; 52; Germanus takes
refuge in, 282; Constans crowned in, 392;
the Ekthesis posted up at, 400; imperial
edict posted up at, 405
S. Vitale, Ravenna, contains mosaic
portrait of Justinian, 2; built, 24;
portrait of Theodora in, 25 sq.
Ciaran, Irish saint, 503
Cibyra, 397
Cibyrrhaeots, the, 410
Cicero, M. Tullius, 91 sq.
Cilicia, 284, 289; occupied by the Persians,
290; Sahrbarâz makes a raid on, 293;
294; Saracens invade, 353; 395, 410,
417; 555
Cilli, 445
Cimmerian Bosphorus. See Crimea
Circesium, fortress at, 33; Chosroes II
flees to, 280; taken by the Persians,
288
Cirencester, victory of Penda at, 543
Ciudad Rodrigo, forms an independent
state, 165
Cius, attacked by Arabs, 396
Cividale (Forum Julii), taken by Lombards,
196; destroyed by Avars, 203; 204; 213
Civitas Rigomagensium. See Thorame
Civitas Salinensium. See Castellane
Civita Vecchia, Arab pirates reach, 381
Cixilona, daughter of Erwig and wife of
Egica, divorced, 180
Clackmannanshire, 512
Clain, River, 129, 160
Classis, occupied by Lombards, 198; Faro-
ald driven from, 199; Liutprand takes,
212
Claudian, poet, cited, 488, 492
Claudius I, Emperor, his legislation con-
cerning slaves, 64
Cleph, duke, made king by the Lombards,
197; 209
Clermont, church built at, 157; 473
Clermont, Bishop of. See Sidonius Apol-
linaris
Clermont-Ferrand, colony of Jews at, 156
Clichy, 115, 125
Clodomir, son of Clovis, inherits part of
kingdom, 116; death, ib.; seizes Bur-
gundy, 117; 133
Clonkeen (Achud), 503
Clotilda, daughter of Chilperic, marries
Clovis, 111; 133
Clotilda, daughter of Clovis, marries Am-
alaric, 162; ill-treated, ib.; Childebert
comes to aid of, ib.
Clovesho, synod held at, 564
Clovis, King of the Franks, 109; victorious
at Soissons, 110; growing power, 111;
marriage, ib.; attacks Burgundy, 112;
baptism, ib., 256, 532; attacks Alemans,
112 sq., 119; attacks Visigoths, 113, 159;
slays Alaric, 114, 160; attains consular
rank, 115; death, 116; work, 116 sq.;
118, 123, 132 sqq., 138, 141, 147, 157,
161, 459, 575 sq., 592; and the Soissons
chalice, 640; real founder of the Frankish
empire, 655 sq.; 696, 705
Clovis II, King of Neustria, puts Grimoald
to death, 126; 524
Cluain Cain, and St Patrick, 503
Clunia, 159
|