James reply'd, that He had reveal'd it only I tell this Story only as Matter of general Caution to Princes; for tho' it providentially happen'd for our Advantage, that K. James was thus deluded; it hath often, and may often be again, the Fate of good Princes, as well as bad, to put their only Truft in those Men, who having firft render'd Themfelves univerfally odious by vile Measures, can find no other Refuge than in betraying and facrificing their Mafters. I fhall therefore conclude with fome general Obfervations, adapt ed to the Service of all Princes. It frequently happens that a King is led to the very Brink of Deftruction, which it is almoft impoffible for Him to escape, before He apprehends Himself in the leaft Danger; can never be his Cafe, but by refigning Himfelf up intirely to Thofe, whofe Intereft it is to deceive Him, and by shutting his Ears to every Body else. It therefore behoves a Prince, for his own Sake, when Diffenfions arife in his Kingdom, and ill Humpurs are visibly fpread through the whole Body of the People, to make a ftrict Enquiry into the Caufes of them. The best Way of doing This is to hear all Parties; weighing their refpective Arguments in his ewn Mind, with a juft and equal Ballance. That old Maxim of our Law, audi alteram. Partem, can never be more properly apply'd than in the prefent Cafe. B C D E Things are fometimes reduced to fuch an unhappy Pafs, by a long Courfe of Male-Adminiftration and provoking Conduct, that the Government in a Manner ftands ftill, and there are but two poffible Methods of carrying it on any farther, with Succefs; That is, either regaining the Affections of the People by a Change of Measures, or fubduing them by Force. In the firft Cafe, a Prince cannot take a furer Method than by fending for the greatest Men in his Kingdom, and confulting with Them. By great Men I do not mean Thofe in Power, or under their Influence, who are Parties in the Cafe; nor Thofe, who are in immediate Oppofition to Them, but fuch Men, I mean, as are truly G great, not only by their high Birth and the Poffeffion of large Eftates, but by their known Experience in Affairs of State, ant difinterefted Conduct for a long Courfe of Years,Such Men will never deceive a Prince; and it is in the Power of fuch Men only to retrieve the Affairs of a distemper'd Government, by fair Means. In the other Cafe, That of fubduing the People by Force, what hath a Prince to depend upon?He must always keep up a numerous, ftanding Army, to prevent Infurrections at home.He muft engage Himfelfin burthenfome Treaties with every neighbouring Prince,-He must encourage Luxury H amongst all Degrees of People, in order to re~* duce Them to Poverty, and thereby keep Them in a conftant State of Corruption and Dependence.He muft discountenance all Men of Virtue and Abilities, preferring only fit Tools for fuch a Defign. -In short, He must endeavour to quell the Spirits, aud fubvert the Liberties of the People, as well as to draw the national Wealth into a few Coffers, by fevere and oppreffive Laws, which cannot be put in Execution without military Force. A wife and a good Prince cannot hesitate a Moment which of these two Methods to take, in fuch a critical Conjuncture as I have here fuppofed. Whilft the Contention, in any Nation, lies between Succeffor and Succeffor, or between one King and his Competitor, all Men of Understanding will naturally join with Him, if any fuch there be, whofe Title is founded in their own Choice, and will chufe to bear with many Things, which They may not like, rather than endeavour to deftroy a fettled Form of Government, which was conftituted by Themfelves; for, as an excellent Writer obferves," it is certain that Princes (especial ly Thole, whofe Throne is built on such a po pular Foundation) have it in their Power to keep a Majority on their Side, by any tolera ble Adminiftration, till provoked by continu al Oppreffions. No Man, indeed, can then anfwer where the Madness of the People will stop. E Fog's Journal O&. 16. No. 414 VER fince the Reign of Henry IV, the French Minifters have been endowed with a fuperior Genius, and the greatest of them were drawn from the Ecclefiaftical Order, namely the Cardinals Richlien, and Mazarine, and Cardinal De Fleury the Prefent Minifter, deferves no lefs Commendation; He form'd the Manners of his Sovereign from his tender In. fancy, and made him one of the greatest Kings, and one of the honefteft Men in the World, a rare Character among Princes, to whom Integrity, Piety and Candour often ap pear ridiculous Virtues! All Europe has render'd him the Juftice due to his Merit, and the Nation's Enemies are forc'd to acknowledge that the Helm of France fince the Time of Card. Richlien, was never guided with fo much Secrecy, Prudence and good Fortune. From the Dutch SPECTATOR. Burying ix Churches infectious, by reafon ef the Steam from putrid Carcafes. THAT this extravagant Alpuratio ve apt to caufe Steams or Evaporations to rife out of the Earth, which may be not only naufeous but pernicious, especially in the hottest Days of Summer, cannot but be clear, to the meanest Understanding. The Truth of this, I find, is ftrongly confirm'd by the Judg mere Ocrates, an Ecclefiaftical Hiftorian of the 5th Century, informs us, That one Berigenes, (no very profound Clerk, I prefume, fince I never heard of any of his Works) was the firft Prelate that ever fwap'd his Diocefe for another. He was first ordain'd Bishop of Patra, and afterwards conftituted Bifhop in the Metropolitan See of Corinth. He was prefent in the Ephefine Synod, conven'd against Neftorins, in the Year 431. Spcr. Hift. Lib. 7. Cap. 36. Socrates ufhers in his Catalogue of tranflated Bifhops with the following Narration: After the Depolition of Neftorius from the Epifcopal Chair of Conftantinople, there was a Debate about the Election of a Bifhop in his Room; and many were for chufing Philippus, but more nominated Proclus; and they who voted for Proclus would have carried the Election, had not fome Perfons of Diftinétion hinder'd it. Thefe Perfons afferted it to be exprefly prohibited by an Ecclefiaftical Canon, that he, who had been elected Bishop of any City, thould be tranflated to another See. Thus the People were obliged to acquiefce; for Proclus had been before nominated to the Bishoprick of Cyzicum, and Maximian was elected. Valefins obferves, that the Canon here fpoken of, againft the Tranflation of Bilbops, is the 21ft Canon of the Synod held at Antioch, in the Year 341, which enforces Conformity to the primitive Determination made concerning this Matter. The primitive Determination may be found in the 14th Apoftolick Canon, which ordains as follows: Let not a Bishop be allow'd to leave his own Parij (or Diocefe) and invade another, even tho he be violently importuned by many, without fome just Cause urging him fo to do, upon the Account of his Ability to do more Service to the People there. by his godly Doctrine; and let this be done, not of his own Head, but by the Judgment of many Bifhops, and upon their earneit Sollicitation." I could with it had been exprefs'd in more abfolute Terms; fince the loofe wording of it leaves room for Jefuitical Evafions, which even fome of our Proteftant Prelates don't fail to make ufe of, To prevent this, I fuppofe, was the Defign of the 15th Canon of the Council of Nice, held in the Year 325; which I look upon as an Explanation of the former; For abolishing the Cuftom, which prevails in fome Places, contrary to Canon, it is decreed, 66 That neither Bilbop, Prieft, nor Deacon, fhall remove from City to City; and that if any one attempt it, all the Proceedings in this Cafe fhall be null, and the Party reftored to the Church, in which he was or dain'd. " In Compliance with this explicit, antiquibbling Canon, when Euftathius, Bishop of Antioch, was depofed, not only for getting a Baftard, but (which is ten times worfe) for Herefy, for Sabellianifm, and the Synod tId. Lib. 7. Cap. 35, See it in Le Clerc's Edition of the Patres Apoftolici. See Johnfon's Clergyman's Vade Mecum, Vol, the ad. pitch'd i pitch'd upon To Eufebius himself he wrote thus: B tt I perceive how exactly you obferve the Rule of Ecclefiaftical Difcipline; to persevere in thofe Things, which are both accept- C able to God, and agreeable to Apoftolical Tradition, is highly pious. In this you may esteem yourfelf happy, that, by the Teftimony of almost all the World, you have been judged worthy to be Bishop of the whole Church. But your Wifdom, which hath inftructed you to keep the Commandments of God, and the Apoftolical Canon of the Church, hath done D very well in refusing the Charge of the See of Antioch, and in defiring to continue in that Epifcopal Station, wherein, by the Divine Appointment, you were firft placed. I have written to the People, as alfo to your Colleagues, who had apply'd to me about it; which Letter, when your Holiness thall perufe, you will eafily understand that, it being but E Juft I fhould refufe their Request, what I wrote to them concerning it was by immediate Gridance and Direction from God. It will become your Wifdom to join in Confultation them, that this Affair of the Church of Antioch may be peaceably fettled." I have given you thefe Extracts from the moft approved Ecclefiaftical Writers, to fhew the Senfe of Antiquity concerning Tranfla Authority of St Paul, in his Advice to Timothy, whom he had confecrated Bishop of Ephefus; (viz.) I befought thee to abide still at Ephefus.I fhall only add, that even fò late as the Reign of Henry VIII. Fiber, Bishop of Rochester, actually refufed to be tranflated to another Dioccfe upon this Account. But in fome later Reigns, particularly that of Charles II. this Practice of Translating hath been turn'd to a bad Ufe, regard to Civil Government; for as our Ri Rev. Fathers in God are allow'd a Seat and Vote in the Houfe of Lords, where they are very confiderable by their Numbers, fome of our modern Politicians have found out a Method of attaching them to their Intereft by collating them at first to a poor Bishoprick, and keeping **Socr. Hift. Lib. 1. Cap. 24.-Theodoret. Hift. Ecclefiaft. Lib. 1. Cap. 21. ++ Eufeb. Life of Conft. Lib. 3. Cap. 61. 1 Tim. ch. 1. 2. 3. G them in a State of Dependance, by the Hopes or Promifes of a better. This is, in Effect, binding them to their good Behaviour; and many notable Points have been gain'd by it. Nay, in fome Reigns, it hath been carried to fuch an Height, that Bibops have been advanced from See to See, like our military officers, by Seniority, and it hath been thought equally unjuft to put one over another's Head. But a Chriftian Divine, who accepts of a Bishoprick, upon fuch Confiderations, or with fuch a View, is guilty of a double Sin, by not only departing from the Inftitutions of the Gofpel, and the original Defign of his Office, but facrificing the Liberties of his Country to worldly Ambition. I am not very fanguine in my Hopes that what I have faid upon this Subject will have much Effect; for we were told, several Years ago, by one of the Court-Writers," ‡‡ that fome Evils there are of fuch Prevalence, that however pernicious they may be, they muft ftill remain, left an Endeavour to reform fhould overturn the State. "- -Whether the Evil, of which I have been fpeaking, is of this Kind, or whether it is really no Evil at all, must be left to the Determination of all impartial Men. But there is another Practice in our Church, which hath been always look'd upon as a Grievance, and what I do not despair of seeing redref'd; I mean Pluralities, and confequently Non-Residence, which are Points of fuch Importance to us all, both as Men and Chriftians, but especially to the Clergy, that I fhall take another Opportunity of troubling you with fome Thoughts upon them. T Tour conftant Reader. Old Whig, October 28. of NEWGATE SACRAMENTS. His Writer firft makes fome Remarks on the Number (169) of Heads of Examination, in order to a due Preparation for the Sacrament, recommended by the Bishop of London to the Parishioners of Lambeth, when Paftor there; but especially on this:-" Do I regard my Spiritual Paftor as an Ambassador and Meffenger from GOD, and fet over me by his Appointment?-Then now, fays he, as every Parish Paftor is equally an Ambassador, I can't but congratulate my Country on this high Honour. Happy England! Not one Parish within thy fortunate Territory without an Heav'nly Messenger fer over it by Divine Appointment. O Newgate! who are alfo favour'd with thy peculiar Ambassador, with all Spiritual Powers and Prerogatives attending him, to fcatter the Fears, and comfort the Souls of thy Prifoners, and fend them with the Sacrament and a Song in their Mouths, fafe and joyful, to the Regions of Immortality. Witnefs the Memoirs of our truly reverend Ordinary. How edifying his Account of Tyburn Saints and Confeffors! The Civil Clodius and Cicero. Society, A Society treats them as Ontcafts, but our New- The craftsman, Oct. 30. No. 539. in the following Paragraph. from hence; for let any impartial Man judge But I hope gentler Methods will be first Ctry'd and that if this pretended German fhould be fupported by any of his Brother Projectors here, the Perfons aggrieved will not proceed to any Violence, or Outrage, but patiently wait the Meeting of Parliament, and lay their Cafe, in an humble Petition, before that august Assembly. D A Chemift from Germany is come over hither, in Order to obtain a Patent for a certain Water He prepares, that by only wetting the Corner (of any linnen Cloth with, and rubbing it over the Beard a little, be it longer or thorter, inftantly moulders away the Hair of it, like Duft or Powder, cleaner and clofer than any Shaving, and in the B 10th Part of the Time taken up in Shaving, and for less than a Penny-Charge each Time, and yet does not, in the leaft, foil or hurt the Skin, or caufe any Smart, nor prevent the Beards growing again; nor does it fmell any more than fair Water, nor can hurt the Mouth, Noftrils or Eyes, thould any by Chance get into them.-It does the fame on the Head, as well as Beard, Dear Caleb, T HO' this Projector, pretends to come from Germany, in Order to ingratiate Himfelf with the People of England, there are very ftrong Symptoms of his being not only an Italian, but a Jesuit, and an Agent for the Pretender; fent over at this critical Juncture, to blow up the Coals of Sedition, and prepare the Way for fome Attempt in his Favour. But as I am always very cautious of charging any Man with fuch a traiterous Defign, without good Reafons; I will lay them very candidly before the Publick. 1 He makes fome Remarks upon the Regard t But I hope there will be no Occafion to make fuch Application; for as this Hair-Water feems to be a chymical Preparation, and is propofed to be fold at fo cheap a Rate as to bring it within the Reach of the common People, it is humbly prefumed that it will come under the Head of diftill'd Spirituous Liquors, and be fubject to all the Restrictions and Penalties of the late Act. And if it fhould be fo conftrued in Law, the Crown, not having a dispensing Power, cannot grant a Patent for vending it. I muft fubmit it to you, Mr. D'anvers, how far this Scheme may affect yourself, and even the Liberty of the Prefs; for the Society of Barbers have been great Statefmer, in all Ages. Lippis & Tenforibus notum was a Proverb in Horace's Time; and they are no less Feminent at prefent; fo that fhutting up their Shops would undoubtedly occafion as great a Stagnation in Politicks, as the Gin-Ad itself, and prevent the People's being rightly inform'd how Matters go.-I with This may not be one good Argument in the Projector's Favour. But I hope another will have equal Weight on the contrary Side; for as our most excellent Ministers and Politicians have juftly acquired the Character of being cunning Sha vers, in all the Courts of Europe, it cannot be ftart to undermine the Profeffion, by which they have gain'd fo much Honour and Riches Themfelves, as well as Benefit and Glory to their Country. G There is another Set of honeft Gentlemen, diftinguifh'd by the Name of Trimmers, whofe Intereft it equally is to put a Stop to the Progrefs of this pernicions Scheme; but as these Perfons always keep a very watchful Eye upon every Thing, which hath the leaft Tendency to affect Themfelves, I need not give Them any farther Hints, T Upon |