artificial numbers (fractions, decimals, surds, &c.), together with an account of the mechanical aids to calculation, from the Abacus to the modern calculating machines, is recorded in the first 270 pages of the book; the next hundred or so pages are devoted to geometry, after which comes a section on the growth of algebra. The chapter which next follows, on elementary problems, is exceptionally live and human, and is by no means the diversion that at first glance it may appear to be. The concluding chapters are devoted to trigonometry, the evolution of weights and measures, and to the ever-intriguing story of the growth of the calculus.

In style the work is easy and sufficiently popular for the general reader of sufficient education. For the student a

wealth of references and footnotes are available, together with a comprehensive index. For the teacher are to be found, at the end of each chapter, a large number of suggested topics for discussion.

A special word of praise is undoubtedly due to the publishers in the matter of production. As with the first volume, the illustrations are generous in quantity and delightful in quality. Throughout the book breathes a humanism in mathematics that has been characteristic of the author throughout his long and honourable career.

The whole world of scholarship and of the teaching profession is under a deep sense of gratitude and obligation to Prof. Smith for having brought to such a fine conclusion so magnificent a task.

(1) Voyages of Sir Francis Drake and Sir Humfrey Gilbert. Taken from "The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffics, and Discoveries," by RICHARD HAKLUYT. With an Introduction, Notes, and Glossary by T. H. ALLEN. (IS. 9d. Longmans.)

(2) Sesame and Lilies. By JOHN RUSKIN. With Introduction, Notes, and Questions by J. W. BARTRAM. (Is. 6d. Longmans.)

(3) Heroes of French History. By LOUISE CREIGHTON. Edited for School Use by J. C. ALLEN. (2s. 6d. Longmans.) Three welcome additions to the class books of English literature. In (1) the Hakluyt text is preceded by an introductory sketch of his life and work, the geographical notes only concern themselves with such places as might be with difficulty identified, while the two glossaries of nautical and obsolete terms complete a useful whole. (2) Presents the two well-known Ruskin lectures in a convenient form and in type which would have given pleasure to the lecturer. (3) Mrs. Creighton's tales of Old France will certainly awaken interest in French history, and will commend themselves to those who, without any sacrifice of pageantry, wish their pupils to gain insight into the disastrous effects of wars and disturbances on the life of a people. Mere Mortals: Medico-Historical Essays. Second Series. By Dr. C. MACLAURIN. (75. 64. net. Cape.) Memories and Portraits. By R. L. STEVENSON. (Is. 6d. net. Nelson.)

Legend of Montrose. By Sir W. SCOTT. (Is. 6d. net. Nelson.) Bleur House. By CHARLES DICKENS. (Two Vols., each is. 6d. net. Nelson.)

Orvieto Dust. By W. HUBBARD. (IOS. 6d. net. Constable.)
The Geese Fly South. By MARY BOURN. (7s. 6d. net. Gay &
Hancock.)

White Fang.
By JACK LONDON. Spanish Gold. By G. A.
BIRMINGHAM. (Is. 6d. each. Methuen.)

Peter Meiklejohn: A Tale of Old Glasgow. By C. S. BLACK. (6s. Werner Laurie.)

At Prior Park and Other Papers. A Paladin of Philanthropy, and Other Papers. By AUSTIN DOBSON. (Cloth, 2s. net. each. Leather, 3s. 6d. net each. Milford: Oxford University Press.)

The Lure of the Sea: Sea Lore of To-day and Yesterday. Selected by F. H. LEE. (2s. 6d. Harrap.)

Sunny Hour Stories. Two Little Roosters. Bobby's Christmas.

Two Little Kittens. The Little Tin Train. The King of the Robins. Bunny in the Garden. (Paper, 3d. Limp Cloth, 6d. each. Milford: Oxford University Press.) Wonder Tales from Everyland.

Edited by F. B. KIRKMAN. Russian Tales of Might and Magic. The Kalif Stork (Tales from HAUFF). The Boy Without Fear and other Tales (from GRIMM). The Potter, The Tiger and Much More (Tales from India). Redskin Wonder-Folk. Adventures in Japanese Wonderland. (Paper, 4d. each. Limp Cloth, 7d. each. Milford: Oxford University Press.)

Ravenshoe. By HENRY KINGSLEY. (Cloth, 2s. net. Leather, 3s. 6d. net. Milford: Oxford University Press.) Tales and Legends of Ireland. By MONICA COSENS. (IS. Harrap.) Prose and Poetry. Compiled by W. MCARTHUR. (Is. 6d. Educational and Scholastic Bureau.)

Selections from The Stones of Venice." By JOHN RUSKIN.
Edited by Prof. E. A. PARKER. (IS. 9d. Macmillan.)
The Old Curiosity Shop. By CHARLES DICKENS. (Cloth, 2s. net.
Leather, 3s. 6d. net. Milford: Oxford University Press.)

Wordsworth. Edited by A. NOYES. With Notes, Exercises, and Suggestions by A. R. ENTWISTLE. (2s. 6d. Cassell.) The character of the notes and exercises indicates that this book of selections is intended for the private student, working independently, as much as for pupils in classes, and the former will be grateful for the short but suggestive appendix on "The Mystical Element in Wordsworth's Poetry.' Mr. Alfred Noyes

in his introduction states his conviction that modern readers are better acquainted with Wordsworth as a subject for parody than as our third greatest poet.

Chief Pre-Shakespearean Dramas: a Selection of Plays Illustrating the History of the English Drama from its Origin Down to Shakespeare. By Prof. J. Q. ADAMS. (12s. 6d. net. Harrap.) Keats. Edited by S. S. SOPWITH. (2s. 6d. Christophers.) In the compass of one handsome volume Prof. Adams presents all the material needed for a study of the origin and development of English drama before Shakespeare. He begins with Latin liturgical plays and the earliest plays in the vernacular. Then come the craft-cycles, moralities, folk-plays, farces, school-plays, inns-of-court plays, court dramas. Introductions and footnotes are terse and helpful. An admirable volume for the school library. Mr. Sopwith gives a good selection from Keats, with short introductions in lieu of commentary. Whether he is right in recommending that the introductions be read before the poems seems doubtful, but he is expert in assisting young readers to appreciate poetry.

Songs of Innocence and of Experience: Showing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul. By WILLIAM BLAKE. Edited by G. H. COWLING. (Is. 9d. Methuen.) Mr. Cowling's notes and introduction add to the charm of this delightful little book. Lovers of Blake will welcome the descriptions of the actual pictures which accompanied the poems in the original, and they will appreciate the form of the notes which is curiously appropriate to the text.

Coriolanus. By WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. Edited by G. H. COWLING. (Is. 6d. Methuen.)

The Fortunate Shepherds: A Cotswold Pastoral. By CONSTANCE SMEDLEY. (3s. 6d. net. Duckworth.)

Thumb-Nail Plots. Part I. Operas, Operettas, Cantatas, Sketches, Musical Plays, &c. Part II. Plays, Comedies, Duologues by Modern Authors (Without Music) complete with Addenda." (Is. net each. Williams.)

"

Twelfth Night or What You Will. Edited by G. B. HARRISON and F. H. PRITCHARD. (Is. Harrap.)

Scenes from Shakespeare. Edited by H. A. TREBLE and G. H. VALLINS. I. Julius Caesar. II. The Merchant of Venice. III. As You Like It. (8d. each. Milford: Oxford University Press.)

Milton: Paradise Regained. Edited by L. C. MARTIN. 2s. net. Clarendon Press.)

The Show: A Drama in Three Acts. By J. GALSWORTHY. (Cloth, 3s. net. Paper, 2s. net. Duckworth.)

A Book of Modern Verse. Compiled by J. C. SMITH. Second Edition. (Is. net. Clarendon Press.)

Coleridge: Poetry and Prose. With Essays by HAZLITT, JEFFREY, DE QUINCEY, CARLYLE, and others. With an Introduction and Notes by H. W. GARROD. (3s. net. Clarendon Press.) The Little White Gate. By FLORENCE HOATSON, (2s. 6d. net. Harray.)

Tennyson. Edited by A. NOYES. With Notes, Exercises, Glossary, &c. by J. D. C. MONFRIES. (2s. 6d. Cassell.)

Pioneer Women: Elizabeth Fry, Elizabeth Blackwell, Florence Nightingale, Mary Slessor. By MARGARET E. TABOR. (2s. 6d. net. Also in 4 parts, 6d. net each. The Sheldon Press.)

History is full of romance, and the story of the rapid emancipation of women during the last half century provides one of the most romantic chapters of all. To a large extent, the success of the feminist movement is due to the wonderful courage and "the energy of the pioneer women who broke the way through iron wall hemming in on every side any young woman who worked to earn her living, or do anything outside the narrowest conventional groove." Miss Tabor gives a readable introduction to the lives of four of these pioneers, each of whom set a brilliant example of what a woman can do.

Howson of Holt: A Study in School Life. By J. H. SIMPSON. (3s. 6d. net. Sidgwick & Jackson.)

The late G. W. S. Howson, one of the most remarkable schoolmasters of his generation, is very worthily commemorated in this sympathetic account. Mr. Simpson was a master at Holt in 1908-10, and subsequently remained in close touch with the school. His aim is to show that Howson's success was not simply in adding another to the list of English public schools, but in creating a special type of community which realized his "ideals, hopes, tastes, prejudices." The great purpose of education with him was the making of character, which he never confused either with athletic skill or with intellect. Francis Bacon (1561-1626). By Dr. I. LEVINE. (4s. 6d. net. Parsons.)

"

About one-third of this work is given up to a Life and Character," in which the author essays to prove that Bacon's moral shortcomings were due to the pliancy of his nature, his tolerance and open-mindedness-the very qualities which were, in fact, of most service to him in his scientific inquiries. Most of the remainder is devoted to a study of Bacon's philosophy,

which the author expounds in a clear and attractive style, using the discoveries and theories of our own day to exemplify his meaning.

Robert E. Lee: The Soldier. By Major-General Sir F. MAURICE. (15s. net. Constable.)

General Maurice does not profess to have added a new “Life of Lee " to the numerous and adequate biographies of that distinguished American soldier which already exist. He has merely presented us with a sketch and an analysis of his military career. He justifies this procedure on two grounds: First, that a comparison between Lee's campaigns and those of the Great War of 1914-18 is fruitful of lessons in the art of war, and, secondly, that the recently-published confidential dispatches of Lee to Davis make a complete survey of his strategy for the first time possible. General Maurice is one of our foremost authorities on military science; he writes extremely well; his book will command the most careful attention in all army classes.

Sir Charles Napier. By Dr. T. R. HOLMES. (7s. 6d. net. Cambridge University Press.)

No less than thirty-six years ago Dr. T. Rice Holmes wrote a life of Sir Charles Napier, the conqueror of Sind, and published it in his book entitled Four Famous Soldiers." Since 1889 much new information, especially relating to Indian affairs, has come to light. Accordingly, Dr. Holmes has completely rewritten his biography, and he now republishes it as a separate volume. It is particularly valuable for the history of India during the period preceding the Mutiny.

Ben Jonson: The Man and His Work. Vols. I and II. Edited by C. H. HERFORD and P. SIMPSON. (42S. net. Clarendon Press.)

John Cary: Engraver, Map, Chart, and Print-Seller and GlobeMaker, 1754 to 1835. A Bibliography, with an Introduction and Biographical Notes by Sir H. G. FORDHAM. (10s. 6d. net. Cambridge University Press.)

A Book of Latin Poetry: From Ennius to Hadrian. Chosen and annotated by E. V. RIEU. (2s. Gift-Book Edition, 3s. 6d. net. Methuen.)

This selection of Latin poetry is probably not intended as a school-book, but as an anthology for the scholar's idle hour. Such is the impression derived from a perusal of the passages themselves, which contain a high percentage of what all will agree to be gems of Latin poetry. There are, however, forty odd pages at the end of the volume of quite elementary notes, obviously intended for the schoolboy. The scholar does not need the notes, and the selection is too "literary" for the schoolboy.

Unprepared Latin: Passages for School Certificate and Matricu

lation. Chosen and Edited by E. C. MARCHANT. (2s. Bell.)

There is no end to collections of Latin unseens. But the present selection has much to recommend it. Good in itself, it is well adapted for preparation for the School Certificate or similar examination, and it is a well-bound book at a cheap price.

The Pageant of Greece. Edited by R. W. LIVINGSTONE. Edition abridged for use in schools. (2s. 6d. Clarendon Press.) This book was favourably noticed in these columns when the Library Edition first appeared about two years ago. Our opinion is still the same-that no living scholar can equal Mr. Livingstone for the skill with which he expounds Greek things for the English reader. Here it is no longer necessary to do more than to afford this School Edition a hearty welcome, and to recommend very strongly that it be adopted as a reader in all schools where Greek is not taught. It is not only an excellent volume, beautifully produced, but, what is likely to appeal to this commercial age, it is remarkable value for the money.

A Few Words on Verse Translation from Latin Poets. By W. E. HEITLAND. (2s. 6d. net. Cambridge University Press.) This unpretentious little volume contains many words of wisdom upon the difficult art of translation; nor are they merely a counsel of perfection; for, lest any should be inclined to think so, Mr. Heitland has illustrated his brief remarks by attempts to translate a passage from Lucretius and one from Lucan. Moreover, for further comparison, he prints Dryden's rendering of the Lucretius passage, and also four Latin verse renderings of his own of passages from Keats, Scott, Southey, and Disraeli, thus illustrating the opposite art of translating

from English into Latin. Though a very small book, it contains much food for thought.

The Writers of Greece. By Prof. G. NORWOOD.
Milford: Oxford University Press.)

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(2s. 6d. net*

Prof. Norwood is a good representative of that band of living scholars who are taking care that, though Greek is now learnt only by the few, the."legacy of Greece shall still be, to some extent, known and appreciated by the many. Between an introductory outline at the beginning and a bibliography at the end, fifteen writers, from Homer to Theocritus, are made the subjects of illuminating studies. The chapter on Plato strikes us as an excellent example of what the scholar who unbends may do to help all and sundry to see a little of the secret of a great man's greatness.

The Idylls of Theocritus. Translated by R. C. TREVELYAN, (15s. net. The Casanova Society. Kegan Paul.) Mr. Trevelyan is already well known for his skill as a translator from the classics. Of the present beautiful volume it is sufficient to say that his skill, combined with the care and elegance of the Casanova Society, has gone far towards presenting the English reader with the unique charm of the idylls of Theocritus.

Camilla A Latin Reading Book. Written by MAUD REED. (2s. Macmillan.)

Miss Reed has already shown us in " Julia" that she possesses the knack of writing a simple Latin narrative which will interest children. She has been equally successful in the present volume, which is intended as a second year reader. Our only adverse criticism is concerned with the marking of quantities. Long vowels, but not hidden quantities are marked. We should like to know how Miss Reed's own pupils pronounce, for example, Iāsōn adolescens, which is the title of one of the pieces.

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M. Tulli Ciceronis. De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum. Libri I, II. Edited by Prof. J. S. REID. (16s. net. Cambridge University Press.)

Messrs. Christophers, 22 Berners Street, London, W. 1, are issuing a series called "The Companion Shakespeare," edited by Prof. J. A. Green and by his successor, Mr. Kenneth Bell. A distinctive feature of the volumes is that the commentary is inserted in special type between the scenes.

(Continued on page 626.)

(1) Elementary Geometry. By C. V. Durell. (4s. 6d. Bell.) (2) A Shorter Geometry. By W. G. BORCHARDT and the Rev. A. D. PERROTT. (4s. Bell.)

These two volumes are similar in character, both being founded largely upon previous works by the same authors, and both have been arranged so as to comply with the recommendations of the I.A.A.M. Geometry Report. Mr. Durell's text-books are sufficiently well known to need little further recommendation. The volume under notice contains an excellent collection of examples and riders-over 1,500, in addition to seventy-two revision papers. The fundamental facts about similar triangles are followed by a brief section on the trigonometry of the right-angled triangle. The appendix includes sections on the concurrency properties of the triangle and an admirable treatment of the tangent properties by limit methods, intended as a basis for discussion rather than for examination purposes. The second volume under notice has a good but smaller selection of examples, the most attractive of which are the three-dimensional examples on Pythagoras' theorem and questions illustrated by diagrams of simple mechanisms taken from former Army papers.

The Fundamentals of Statistics. By Prof. L. L. THURSTONE. (8s. 6d. net. New York: Macmillan.)

It is essential in these days that every teacher, if not every student, should know something about the terminology and methods of modern statistical investigation. The subject is of fascinating interest and with a suitable mixture of the theory of probability and normal error can be made irresistibly attractive to classes of students who are free to enjoy their education without the fear of examinations. This text-book is easy and covers a lot of useful ground. It is better adapted for private reading than for use with a class; there are not enough examples for the latter purpose. Comparatively little knowledge of mathematics is required, but although the subject of graphical representation is treated at length as if for a beginner, the explanation of the normal expansion and the probability curve seems too concise to be intelligible to a reader meeting them here for the first time.

Test Papers in Arithmetic for the Use of Candidates Preparing for School Certificate, Matriculation, and Similar Examinations. By A. E. DONKIN. (2s. 6d. Pitman.)

A useful collection of papers for the purpose specified. All the papers are of about the right standard of difficulty. Numerical answers are supplied at the end of the book. Outlines of Mechanics. By A. H. E. NORRIS. Boon.)

(5s. net. Mills &

A sound book on somewhat old-fashioned lines, except for its references to Einstein and relativity, and the use of calculus. The development is logical rather than experimental. Absolute units are introduced early, but if the equation derived from Newton's second law is not given as P/W=a/g, it might at least be given as P=mf and not in the form f=ma, which makes it almost unrecognizable to adherents of old and new fashions alike. The habit of referring to systems of pulleys by numbers should have been dead and buried long ago, and does not deserve to be revived, even incidentally. On the other hand the examples are numerical and interesting.

Calculus of Variations. By Prof. G. A. BLISS. (10s. net. Open Court Publishing Co.)

Handbook of Engineering Mathematics. By W. E. WYNNE and W. SPRARAGEN. Second Edition, revised and enlarged. (8s. 6d. net. Harrap.)

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W. & A. K. Johnston's “ Edina" Arithmetics. By G. Guest.
(Book I, 9d. net. Book II, 6d. net. Book III, 7d. net.
Limp Cloth, 10d. net. Johnston.)
Arithmetic. Parts I and II.

By C. V. DURELL and R. C. FAWDRY.

(2s. Bell.) Elementary Algebra. By F. BOWMAN. Part I. (6s. Longmans.) Building Mathematics. By R. W. M. GIBBS. (4s. Blackie.) Intermediate Mathematics (Analysis). By T. S. USHERWOOD and C. J. A. TRIMBLE. (7s. 6d. Macmillan.) Mechanics and Applied Mathematics: Dinamics, Statics, Hydrostatics. By W. D. HILLS. Part I. Mechanics. (45. University of London Press,)

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Molière. Les Précieuses Ridicules. Edited, with Notes and an Introduction, by Prof. H. ASHTON. (3s. Longmans). Prof. Ashton's edition of " Les Précieuses Ridicules" has some good features in common with Prof. Baker's of 'L'Avare." There is a very full introduction, dealing with Molière, his position in the literature of his age, and with the social history of the time. A perusal of these pages will enable the student to read the amusing play with much greater profit than if he approached it without such preparation. The notes provided by Prof. Ashton are well expressed and eminently helpful; so that in every respect this edition can be recommended.

La Petite Ville. Par L. B. PICARD. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by M. BAUDIN and Prof. E. E. BRANDON. (6s. net. Oxford University Press.)

Picard is, indeed, a minor dramatist, but his play, La Petite Ville" is worth reading. First published in 1801, it presents a sarcastic picture of provincial life, with its boastful Riflard, its coquettish Madame Senneville, the elderly Nina Vernon who wants to get married, and Madame Guibert, who wants to marry her silly little daughter. There is a good deal of fun and some dramatic skill in grouping the characters. The language is, as a rule, quite straightforward; and such difficulties as the text presents are, as a rule, clearly explained in the notes, often by means of a French paraphrase. Bombonnel, le Tueur de Panthères. Ses Chasses Racontées par LUI-MEME. (Is. Hachette.) Cinq Semaines Hachette.)

en Aéroplane. Par H. DE Gorsse. (IS.

A Travers le Sahara en Ballon. Par JULES VERNE. (IS. Hachette.)

Cinq Semaines en Ballon. Par JULES VERNE. (IS. Hachette.) More and more stress is being rightly laid on the importance of private reading, and therefore we welcome these little volumes of fifty-six to ninety pages, for they are clearly printed and provide interesting reading, which may well tempt our boys and girls. It is books like these that should be available in the form library-not only English fiction and works of reference. German Translation and Composition. By A. PICTON. (4s. net. University Press of Liverpool. Hodder & Stoughton.) Miss Picton's book is intended for students of German who are preparing for examinations of the standard of the Higher

School Certificate or Intermediate B.A. It consists of twentyeight German and twenty-nine English extracts, almost exclusively from modern authors. The extracts are of considerable difficulty, and some help is necessary, for there are some words and expressions which the student will have considerable trouble in finding in his ordinary books of reference. German Composition from German Models. By J. P. IVENS. (2s. 6d. Arnold.)

The writer of this little book is convinced that composition should be attempted from the very beginning of learning German, a view not generally accepted. It is not clear whether he intends his book to be supplementary to a first course or not. Each of the twenty-nine lessons contains a German passage, a section on grammar, questions on the text and grammatical exercises, and an English passage based on the German text, for translation. Mr. Ivens has done his work conscientiously, and we have noted few slips in the book. The introduction dealing with pronunciation is hardly full enough. Der Grüne Heinrich: Roman von Gottfried Keller. Erster Teil. Edited by Prof. B. FAIRLEY. (6s. net. Clarendon Press.) Pitman's Progressive Spanish Grammar. By G. R. MACDONALD. (8s. 6d. net. Pitman.)

A Brief History of French Literature. By N. S. WILSON. (3s. 6d. Hachette.)

The

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Certificate" French Grammar and Composition. By E. G. LE GRAND and T. STEELE. (4s. Hachette.) Les Belles Histoires du Temps Passé: A Reader for Elementary Classes, Compiled with a French-English Vocabulary. By J. LAZARE. (Is. 6d. Hachette.)

Bombonnel, le Tueur de Panthères: ses Chasses Racontées par lui-même. (Is. Hachette.)

Edmond About. Le Nez d'un Notaire. Edited by H. H. DAVIDSON. (2s. 6d. Bell.)

A French Grammar: Three Years' Course.
KENNEDY. (3s. 6d. Bell.)

By MARGARET

Madame de La Fayette. La Princesse de Clèves. Edited, with (5s. an Introduction and Notes, by Prof. H. ASHTON. Cambridge University Press.)

An Italian Dictionary. By A. HOARE. Second Edition. (42S. net. Cambridge University Press.)

Short French Plays. By A. H. CROWTHER. (IS. 6d. Mills & Boon.) (Continued on page 628.)