Line 481. His tub hath tougher walls than Sinope. [Sinope, on the Euxine, the birthplace of the cynic Diogenes.]

Line 501. In sager eloquence meant Action,

action!' [The is υπόκρισις, and means rather all the art of the actor. -The story is told in Plutarch's Lives of the Ten Orators.]

Page 395, line 514. Calm Hartwell's green abode. [Hartwell, in Buckinghamshire - the residence of Louis XVIII. during the latter years of the Emigration.]

Line 535. That nose, the hook where he suspends the world.

Naso suspendit adunco. - HORACE, Satires. The Roman applies it to one who merely was imperious to his acquaintance.

Line 540. Pilots who have weather'd every storm.' The Pilot that weather'd the storm is the burthen of a song, in honor of Pitt, by Canning.]

Page 307, line 715. And subtle Greeks. [Count Capo d'Istrias, afterwards President of Greece.]

Page 308, line 730. The young Astyanax of modern Troy, Napoleon François Charles Joseph, Duke of Reichstadt, died at the palace of Schönbrunn, July 22, 1832, having just attained his twenty-first year.]

Line 741. The martial Argus. [Count Neipperg, chamberlain and second husband to Maria Louisa, had but one eye.]

Line 768. She caught Sir William Curtis in a kilt! [George the Fourth is said to have been somewhat annoyed, on entering the levee room at Holyrood (August, 1822) in full Stuart tartan, to see only one figure similarly attired (and of similar bulk) that of Sir William Curtis.]

Page 310, line 3. That tomb which, gleaming o'er the cliff. A tomb above the rocks on the promontory, by some supposed the sepulchre of Themistocles.

Line 22. Sultana of the nightingale. The attachment of the nightingale to the rose is a weil-known Persian fable. If I mistake not, the Bulbul of a thousand tales' is one of his appellations.

Page 311, line 151. Slaves-nay, the bondsmen of a slave. Athens is the property of the Kislar Aga (the slave of the seraglio and guardian of the women), who appoints the Waywode. A pander and eunuch these are not polite, yet true appellations- - now governs the Governor of Athens!

Page 312, line 225. Tophaike. Musket. The Bairam is announced by the cannon at sunset; the illumination of the Mosques, and the firing of all kinds of small arms, loaded with ball, proclaim it during the night.

Line 228. Rhamazani. [A month of fasting, followed by the Bairam.]

Line 251. Jerreed. Jerreed, or Djerrid, a blunted Turkish javelin, which is darted from horseback with great force and precision.

Page 313, line 355. Ataghan. The ataghan, a long dagger worn with pistols in the belt, in a metal scabbard, generally of silver; and, among the wealthier, gilt, or of gold.

Line 357. An Emir by his garb of green. Green is the privileged colour of the Prophet's numerous pretended descendants; with them, as here, faith (the family inheritance) is supposed to supersede the necessity of good works: they are the worst of a very indifferent brood.

Page 314, line 389. The insect-queen of eastern spring. The blue-winged butterfly of Kashmeer, the most rare and beautiful of the species.

Line 423. Is like the Scorpion girt by fire. Alluding to the dubious suicide of the scorpion, so placed for experiment by gentle philosophers. Some maintain that the position of the sting, when turned towards the head, is merely a convulsive movement; but others have actually brought in the verdict Felo de se.'

Page 315, line 468. Phingari. The moon.

Line 479. Bright as the jewel of Giamschid. The celebrated fabulous ruby of Sultan Giamschid, the embellisher of Istakhar; from its splendour, named Schebgerag, the torch of night; also the cup of the sun,' etc. [Compare the line in FitzGerald's Rubáiyát: And Jamshyd's Sev'n-ring'd Cup where no one knows.']

Line 483. Though on Al-Sirat's arch I stood. Al-Sirat, the bridge of breadth, narrower than the thread of a famished spider, and sharper than the edge of a sword, over which the Mussulmans must skate into Paradise to which it is the only entrance; but this is not the worst, the river beneath being hell itself, into which, as may be expected, the unskilful and tender of foot contrive to tumble with a facilis descensus Averni' not very pleasing in prospect to the next passenger. There is a shorter cut downwards for the Jews and Christians.

Line 506. Franquestan! Circassia.

Page 316, line 568. Bismillah! In the name of God; the commencement of all the chapters of the Koran but one, and of prayer and thanksgiving.

Line 571. Chiaus. [A Turkish messenger or interpreter.]

Line 593. Then curl'd his very beard with ire. A phenomenon not uncommon with an angry Mussulman. In 1809, the Capitan Pacha's whiskers at a diplomatic audience were no less lively with indignation than a tiger cat's, to the horror of all the dragomans.

Line 603. The craven cry, Amaun! Quarter, pardon.

Line 666. Palampore. The flowered shawls generally worn by persons of rank.

Page 317, line 717. Calpac. The solid cap or centre part of the head-dress; the shawl is wound round it, and forms the turban.

Line 734. Alla Hu!' The concluding words of the Muezzin's call to prayer from the highest gallery on the exterior of the Minaret.

Line 743. Their kerchiefs green they wave. The following is part of a battle-song of the Turks: 'I see I see a dark-eyed girl of Paradise, and she waves a handkerchief, a kerchief of green; and cries aloud, "Come, kiss me, for I love thee," etc.

Line 748. Monkir's scythe. Monkir and Nekir

Line 35. Chibouque's dissolving cloud. Pipe.

Line 36. Almas. Dancing girls.
Page 348, line 68. Saick.

Grecian vessel.]

A Turkish or

Page 349, line 160. Zatanai. Satan. Page 350, line 225. Gulnare. A female name; means, literally, the flower of the pomegranate. Page 353, line 451. Till even the scaffold echoes with their jest! In Sir Thomas More, for instance, on the scaffold, and Anne Boleyn, in the Tower, when grasping her neck, she remarked, that it was too slender to trouble the headsman much.' During one part of the French Revolution, it became a fashion to leave some mot' as a legacy; and the quantity of facetious last words spoken during that period would form a melancholy jest-book of a considerable size.

Page 355, line 1. Slow sinks, more lovely ere his race be run. The opening lines as far as section II. have, perhaps, little business here, and were annexed to an unpublished (though printed) poem; but they were written on the spot in the spring of 1811, and I scarce know why the reader must excuse their appearance here if he can. [Compare the beginning of The Curse of Minerva, which was published later than the present poem.]

Page 357, line 139. His only bends in seeming o'er his beads. The combolois, or Mohametan rosary; the beads are in number ninety-nine.

Page 364, line 605. And the cold flowers her colder hand contain'd. In the Levant it is the custom to strew flowers on the bodies of the dead, and in the hands of young persons to place

a nosegay.

Page 366, line 1. The Serfs are glad. The reader is apprised, that the name of Lara being Spanish, and no circumstance of local and natural description fixing the scene or hero of the poem to any country or age, the word 'Serf,' which could not be correctly applied to the lower classes in Spain, who were never vassals of the soil, has nevertheless been employed to designate the followers of our fictitions chieftain. [Byron elsewhere intimates, that he meant Lara for a chief of the Morea.]

Page 385, line 77. Spahi's bands. [See note on The line of Carasman, page 326, line 201.]

Page 386, line 141. Coumourgi. Ali Conmourgi, the favourite of three sultans, and Grand Vizier to Achmet III. after recovering Peloponnesus from the Venetians in one campaign, was mortally wounded in the next, against the Germans, at the battle of Peterwaradin (in the plain of Carlowitz), in Hungary, endeavouring to rally his guards. He died of his wounds next day. His last order was the decapitation of General Breuner, and some other German prisoners; and his last words, Oh, that I could thus serve all the Christian dogs!' a speech and act not unlike one of Caligula. He was a young man of great ambition and unbounded presumption: on being told that Prince Eugene, then opposed to him, was a great general,' he said, I shall become a greater, and at his expense.'

Page 389, line 460. And their white tusks crunch'd o'er the whiter skull. This spectacle I have seen, such as described, beneath the wall of the Seraglio at Constantinople, in the little cavities worn by the Bosphorus in the rock, a narrow terrace of which projects between the wall and the water.

Line 469. And each scalp had a single long tuft of hair. This tuft, or long lock, is left from a superstition that Mahomet will draw them into Paradise by it.

Page 390, line 522. Sent that soft and tender moan. I must here acknowledge a close though unintentional resemblance in these twelve lines to a passage in an unpublished poem of Mr. Coleridge, called Christabel. It was not till after these lines were written that I heard that wild and singularly original and beautiful poem recited; and the MS. of that production I never saw till very recently, by the kindness of Mr. Coleridge himself, who, I hope, is convinced that I have not been a wilful plagiarist. The original idea undoubtedly pertains to Mr. Coleridge, whose poem has been composed above fourteen years. Let me conclude by a hope that he will not longer delay the publication of a production, to which I can only add my mite of approbation to the applause of far more competent judges. [The following are the lines in Christabel which Byron unintentionally imitated:

The night is chill, the forest bare,
Is it the wind that moaneth bleak?
There is not wind enough in the air
To move away the ringlet curl
From the lovely lady's cheek-
There is not wind enough to twirl
The one red leaf, the last of its clan,
That dances as often as dance it can,
Hanging so licht, and hanging so high,

On the topmost twig that looks at the sky.']

Page 391, line 643. There is a light cloud by the moon. I have been told that the idea expressed in this and the five following lines has been admired by those whose approbation is valuable. I am glad of it: but it is not original at least not mine; it may be found much better expressed in pages in 182-3-4 of the English version of Vathek (I forget the precise page of the French), a work to which I have before referred; and never recur to, or read, without a renewal of gratification. The following is the passage: “Deluded prince!" said the Genins, addressing the Caliph, "to whom Providence hath confided the care of innumerable subjects: is it thus that thou fulfillest thy mission? Thy crimes are already completed; and art thou now hastening to thy punishment? Thou knowest that beyond those mountains Eblis and his accursed dives hold their infernal empire; and, seduced by a malignant phantom, thou art proceeding to surrender thyself to them! This moment is the last of grace allowed thee: give back Nouronahar to her father, who still retains a few sparks of life: destroy thy tower, with all its abominations: drive Carathis from thy councils: be just to thy subjects:

respect the ministers of the prophet: compensate for thy impieties by an exemplary life; and, instead of squandering thy days in voluptuous indulgence, lament thy crimes on the sepulchres of thy ancestors. Thou beholdest the clouds that obscure the sun: at the instant he recovers his splendour, if thy heart be not changed, the time of mercy assigned thee will be past forever." [Byron was throughout his life morbidly sensitive of any charge or suspicion of plagiarism.]

Page 392, line 688. The horsetails are pluck'd from the ground. The horsetails, fixed upon a lance, a pacha's standard.

Line 717. He who first downs with the red cross. [What vulgarism is this!

He who first lowers, -or plucks down,' etc.
GIFFORD.]

Page 393, line 805. And since the day, when in the strait. In the naval battle at the mouth of the Dardanelles, between the Venetians and Turks.

Page 396, line 1069. The jackal's troop. I believe I have taken a poetical license to transplant the jackal from Asia. In Greece I never saw nor heard these animals; but among the ruins of Ephesus I have heard them by hundreds. They haunt ruins, and follow armies.

Line 14. As twilight melts beneath the moon away. The lines contained in this section were printed as set to music some time since, but belonged to the poem where they now appear, the greater part of which was composed prior to Lara.

Page 402. THE PRISONER OF CHILLON. When this poem was composed, I was not sufficiently aware of the history of Bonnivard, or I should have endeavoured to dignify the subject by an attempt to celebrate his courage and his virtues. With some account of his life I have been furnished, by the kindness of a citizen of that republic, which is still proud of the memory of a man worthy of the best age of ancient freedom:

François de Bonnivard, fils de Louis de Bonnivard, originaire de Seyssel et Seigneur de Lunes, naquit en 1496. Il fit ses études à Turin: en 1510 Jean Aimé de Bonnivard, son oncle, lui résigna le prieuré de St. Victor, qui aboutissait aux murs de Genève, et qui formait un bénéfice considérable.

'Ce grand homme-(Bonnivard mérite ce titre par la force de son âme, la droiture de son cœur, la noblesse de ses intentions, la sagesse de ses conseils, le courage de ses démarches, l'étendue de ses connaissances et la vivacité de son esprit), - ce grand homme, qui excitera l'admiration de tous ceux qu'une vertu héroique peut encore émouvoir, inspirera encore la plus vive reconnaissance dans les cours des Genevois qui aiment Genève. Bonnivard en fut toujours un des plus fermes appuis: pour assurer la liberté de notre république, il ne craignit pas de perdre souvent la sienne; il oublia son repos; il méprisa les richesses; il ne négligea rien pour affer mir le bonheur d'une patrie qu'il honora de son choix dès ce moment il la chérit comme le plus

zélé de ses citoyens; il la servit avec l'intrépidité d'un héros, et il écrivit son Histoire avec la naiveté d'un philosophe et la chaleur d'un patriote.

Il dit dans le commencement de son Histoire de Genève, que dès qu'il eut commencé de lire l'histoire des nations, il se sentit entrainé par son goût pour les républiques, dont il épousa toujours les intérêts; c'est ce goût pour la liberté qui lui fit sans doute adopter Genève pour sa patrie.

'Bonnivard, encore jeune, s'annonça hautement comme le défenseur de Genève contre le Duc de Savoye et l'Evêque.

En 1519, Bonnivard devint le martyr de sa patrie; le Duc de Savoye étant entré dans Genève avec cinq cents hommes, Bonnivard craignit le ressentiment du Duc ; il voulut se retirer à Fribourg pour en éviter les suites; mais il fut trahi par deux hommes qui l'accompagnaient, et conduit par ordre du Prince à Grolée, où il resta prisonnier pendant deux ans. Bonnivard était malheureux dans ses voyages: comme ses malheurs n'avaient point ralenti son zèle pour Genève, il était toujours un ennemi redoutable pour ceux qui la menaçaient, et par conséquent il devait être exposé à leurs coups. Il fut rencontré en 1530 sur le Jura par des voleurs, qui le dépouillèrent, et qui le mirent encore entre les mains du Duc de Savoye : ce prince le fit enfermer dans le Château de Chillon, où il resta sans être interrogé jusque en 1586; il fut alors délivré par les Bernois, qui s'emparèrent du Pays de Vaud.

Bonnivard, en sortant de sa captivité, eut le plaisir de trouver Genève libre et réformée: la république s'empressa de lui témoigner sa reconnaissance, et de le dédommager des maux qu'il avait soufferts; elle le reçnt bourgeois de la ville au mois de juin, 1536; elle lui donna la maison habitée autrefois par le Vicaire-général, et elle lui assigna nne pension de deux cents écus d'or tant qu'il séjournerait à Genève. Il fut admis dans le Conseil des Deux-Cents en 1537

Il parait que Bonnivard mourut en 1570; mais on ne peut l'assurer, parcequ'il y a une lacune dans le Nécrologe depuis le mois de juil let, 1570, jusqu'en 1571.' [SENEBIER, Histoire Littéraire de Genève.]

Lines 2, 3. Nor grew it white In a single night. Ludovico Sforza, and others. The same is asserted of Marie Antoinette's, the wife of Louis XVI., though not in quite so short a period. Grief is said to have the same effect: co such, and not to fear, this change in hers was to be attributed.

Page 403, line 111. Chillon's snow-white battlement. The Chateau de Chillon is situated between Clarens and Villeneuve, which last is at one extremity of the Lake of Geneva. On its left are the entrances of the Rhone, and opposite are the heights of the Meillerie and the range of Alps above Boveret and St. Gingo. Near it, on a hill behind, is a torrent: below it, washing its walls, the lake has been fathomed to the depth of 800 feet, French measure: within it are a range of dungeons, in which the

early reformers, and subsequently prisoners of state, were confined. Across one of the vaults is a beam black with age, on which we were informed that the condemned were formerly executed. In the cells are seven pillars, or, rather, eight, one being half merged in the wall; in some of these are rings for the fetters and the fettered: in the pavement the steps of Bonnivard have left their traces. He was confined here several years. It is by this castle that Rousseau has fixed the catastrophe of his Héloïse, in the rescue of one of her children by Julie from the water; the shock of which, and the illness produced by the immersion, is the cause of her death. The chateau is large, and seen along the lake for a great distance. The walls are white.

Page 406, line 341. And then there was a little isle. Between the entrances of the Rhone and Villeneuve, not far from Chillon, is a very small island; the only one I could perceive, in my voyage round and over the lake, within its circumference. It contains a few trees (I think not above three), and from its singleness and diminutive size has a peculiar effect upon the view.

Page 408, line 129. John Casimir. [He was proclaimed king of Poland in 1649.]

Line 157. Rich as a salt or silver mine. This comparison of a salt mine' may, perhaps, be permitted to a Pole, as the wealth of the country consists greatly in the salt mines.

Page 417, line 101. Brandy for heroes!' [It appears to have been Dr. Johnson who thus gave honour to Cognac. He was persuaded,' says Boswell, to take one glass of claret. He shook his head, and said, "Poor stuff ! - No, Sir, claret is the liquor for boys; port for men ; but he who aspires to be a hero (smiling) must drink brandy."'-CROKER'S Boswell, iv. 252.]

Page 419, line 1. How pleasant were the songs of Toobonai. The first three sections are taken from an actual song of the Tonga Islanders, of which a prose translation is given in Mariner's Account of the Tonga Islands. Toobonai is not however one of them; but was one of those where Christian and the mutineers took refuge. I have altered and added, but have retained as much as possible of the original.

Page 421, line 182. The desert-ship. The Oriental figure for the camel or dromedary.,

Line 193. Had form'd his glorious namesake's counterpart. The consul Nero who made the unequalled march which deceived Hannibal, and defeated Hasdrubal.

Page 423, line 291. And Loch-na-gar with Ida look'd o'er Troy. When very young, about eight years of age, after an attack of the scarlet fever at Aberdeen, I was removed by medical advice into the Highlands. Here I passed occasionally some summers, and from this period I date my love of mountainous countries. I can never forget the effect, a few years afterwards, in England, of the only thing I had long seen, even in miniature, of a mountain, in the Malvern Hills.

After I returned to Cheltenham, I used to watch them every afternoon, at sunset, with a sensation which I cannot describe. This was boyish enough; but I was then only thirteen years of age, and it was in the holidays. [Compare the verses entitled Lachin y Gair, page 117.)]

Page 424, line 407. Than breathes his mimic murmurer in the shell. [Byron alludes in a note to the celebrated passage on the sea-shell in Landor's Gebir.]

Page 425, line 447. Sailor or philosopher. Hobbes, the father of Locke's and other philosophy, was an inveterate smoker, -even to pipes beyond computation.

Page 426, line 531. That will do for the marines. That will do for the marines, but the sailors won't believe it,' is an old saying; and one of the few fragments of former jealousies which still survive (in jest only) between these gallant services.

Page 427, line 52. No less of human bravery than the brave! Archidamus, king of Sparta, and son of Agesilaus, when he saw a machine invented for the casting of stones and darts, exclaimed that it was the grave of valour.' The same story has been told of some knights on the first application of gunpowder; but the original anecdote is in Plutarch.

Page 431, line 121. Around she pointed to a spacious cave. Of this cave (which is no fiction) the original will be found in the ninth chapter of Mariner's Account of the Tonga Islands. I have taken the poetical liberty to transplant it to Toobonai, the last island where any distinct account is left of Christian and his comrades.

Page 433, line 226. The kindling ashes to his kindled breast. The tradition is attached to the story of Eloïsa, that when her body was lowered into the grave of Abelard (who had been buried twenty years), he opened his arms to receive her.

Page 434, line 334. He tore the topmost button from his vest. In Thibault's account of Frederic the Second of Prussia, there is a singular relation of a young Frenchman, who with his mistress appeared to be of some rank. He enlisted and deserted at Schweidnitz; and after a deperate resistance was retaken, having killed an officer, who attempted to seize him after he was wounded, by the discharge of his musket loaded with a button of his uniform. Some circumstances on his court-martial raised a great interest amongst his judges, who wished to discover his real situation in life, which he offered to disclose, but to the king only, to whom he requested permission to write. This was refused, and Frederic was filled with the greatest indignation, from baffled curiosity, or some other motive, when he understood that his request had been denied.

Page 437, line 33. My pleasant task is done. [The Gerusalemme Liberata.

Line 49. Oh Leonora! wilt not thon reply? [Leonora d'Este, sister of the sovereign who imprisoned him from 1579 to 1586. It is not now commonly believed that Tasso suffered for this supposed love of the princess.]