Toulouse—Climate—Bagneres de Luchon—BagneSres de Bigorre—Baths—Lourdes—Valley of Argeles — The Cagots—Bareges, and its Mineral Springs—St. Sau- veur—Gavarnie, and Cirque de Marbore . 54 Cauterets and its Mineral Springs—Pau—Climate of Pau The Eaux Bonnes and Chaudes—Inhabitants of Pyre- nees—The Landes—Bordeaux—Climate of Bordeaux. Hyeres and its Climate—Nice—Climate of Nice, and Dis- eases in which it is beneficial—Best localities for resi- dence—Cornice road—Genoa—Climate of Genoa. 90 Road to Lucca—Baths of Lucca—Pisa—Climate of Pisa —Leghorn — Florence — Societa della Misericordia— — The Florentines—Society—Hospitals and Medical Practice—Climate of Florence—Road to Rome . 108 Rome—Churches and Picture Galleries—Society—Roman characteristics—Religious Ceremonies—Dr. W.'s Lec- Prevalent Diseases— Hospitals and medical practice of Road to Naples by Terracina—Hospitals—Prevalent dis- eases and medical practice—Establishment for the In- sane at Aversa—Environs of Naples—The Neapoli- tans—Climate of Naples—Mineral Springs 166 Via Latina—Abbey of Monte Casino—From Rome to Florence by Perugia — The Apennines —Bologna — Parma—Congregazione della Carita . . 183 Milan—Hospitals—Pellagra—The Milanese—The Lakes —Simplon—The Valais—Goitre and Cretinism—Aix les Bains—Turin—Road to Nice by the Col di Tenda— Venice—Pass of Ampezzo — Innspruck — Munich—The Valhalla—Nuremberg—Erlangen—Caves of Muggendorf —Dresden—Leipsic—Homoeopathy and animal magne- Stuttgard—Wildbad—Baden—Heidelberg—Mannheim— MEMORANDA ON FRANCE, 4* CHAPTER I. Boulogne—Paris—French Characteristics and Manners— Literary and Dramatic Horreurs—The War Party. Supposing the traveller proceeding to the continent is bound in the first instance to Paris, a variety of routes presents itself. The most expeditious way of reaching the French metropolis will undoubtedly be that by Brighton and Dieppe —especially when the railroad from London is completed—though the landing and embarcation at Brighton is not always practicable, on account of there being no harbour. The sea passage between these towns requires seven or eight hours, and the journey from Dieppe to Paris about sixteen, the road passing through a delightful and fertile part of Normandy. Those who do not mind a long sea passage will be gratified by taking the Havre route, (embarking either at London or Southampton,) and will thus have an opportunity of viewing the scenery at the most interesting part of the Seine, between Havre and Rouen. The B objection to a long trajet will, however, always induce many to prefer embarking at Dover for' either Calais or Boulogne; and by landing at the latter instead of the former town, twenty-four miles of a monotonous country are avoided. Boulogne is one of the most agreeable towns in France for a short residence in the summer or autumn, and has been of late years a good deal frequented by families from England on account of the sea-bathing, which is excellent; a fine sandy beach extending, at low water, three or four miles eastward of the port. The streets are clean, wide, and have an animated appearance, and several of the shops are handsome. The low town is built at the base and up the acclivity of a hill, on which stands the high town, enclosed by ramparts, which are planted with trees, and form an agreeable promenade, whence extensive views may be obtained of the surrounding country. The population amounts to near thirty thousand; many rentiers reside in the high town, while the inhabitants of the low town are for the most part engaged in commercial and professional avocations, or are connected with the port. The environs are agreeable, and the air is light and bracing; but the winter is generally severe, cold winds and storms being of frequent occurrence. Boulogne is, however, on the whole, a healthy place of residence, and generally agrees well with children; though it would not be an advisable locality for delicate invalids, or those |