then besieging Maestricht: he, however, immediately raised the siege, and took refuge in Brabant.

Dumourier, appointed to take the command of the dispirited troops, was at first successful, but near Landen, was finally defeated, and obliged to retreat to the borders of France. Dumourier had for some time been inimical to the Jacobins, on account of his resistance to their sanguinary system; they therefore sought an opportunity to crush him. In consequence Commissioners were dispatched from Paris to arrest him; but, instead of suffering them to take him into custody, he ordered them to be delivered up to the Austrians, as hostages for the safety of the Royal Family of France; he also made an unsuccessful attempt to effect a counter-revolution; but, alarmed for his personal safety, he fled to Mons, and tendered his services to the allies; meeting with no encouragement, he quitted the army. Dampierre was appointed his successor: he repelled the assailants near Valenciennes : in a conflict near St. Amand, the British troops, under the command of the Duke of York, gained great credit by their spirited exertions: by their active conduct, assisted by the Austrians and Prussians, they compelled the French to retreat. Dampierre was mortally wounded, and 4000 of his troops killed and made prisoners. British discipline and valour appeared also to great advantage in an attack made on the well fortified camp of Famars; the French were dislodged, though not without great slaughter on both sides.

Valenciennes and Condé were now closely besieged; the latter, after a blockade of three months, surrendered; but Valenciennes made a more obstinate resistance, and some of the out-works were taken by assault; but when threatened with a general assault, the garrison capituJated on condition of not serving against the allies during the remainder of the war.

An attack on Dunkirk was resolved upon; to cover the Duke of York's march, the Hereditary Prince of Orange forced Lincelles, but was soon dispossessed of it by a superior force. The necessity of waiting for heavy artillery, and the delay of naval preparations, gave the French time to prepare for the defence of the town.

They made a successful attack on the Hanoverian General Freytag, and compelled him to retreat with considerable loss. Prince Adolphus, his Majesty's youngest son, and Freytag, were made prisoners in their retreat, but seasonably rescued by a detachment. Despairing of success, the Duke abandoned the siege of Dunkirk with the loss of his artillery and ammunition.

On the 13th of September at night his Royal Highness Prince Adolphus arrived incog. at the Hanoverian office, Bury-street, from the British camp before Dunkirk. His Royal Highness slept at St. James's, and next morning set off to see his Royal Parents at Kewpalace. He came with his helmet on, through which he was cut; one of his eyes was also hurt by a blow; and his coat also bore the marks of a sabre. Her Majesty's feelings were now put to a severe test, and the Princesses were naturally alarmed for their Royal brothers. The King and Queen partook of very little pleasure at this time; and the Duchess of York, during the absence of the Duke, passed many tedious hours of anxiety.

In Germany, the allied armies for a time had the advantage over the French. They were repeatedly victorious; they recovered the city of Mentz, and attacked the lines of Weissembourg. The Spaniards having invaded France, reduced Bellegarde and Colioure. The spirit of revolt manifested itself at Marseilles, Toulon, and Lyons. At Toulon, the mal-contents, decidedly hostile to the convention, agreed to surrender that port to Lord Hood, commander of the British fleet in the Mediterranean, on his promise of assistance for the recovery of the constitution of 1789, and also with a proviso of restitution of Louis XVII. or his eventual successor.

Brissot was the chief instrument in the insurrection at Lyons. Though his party had been compelled to submit to the inhuman proceedings of the Jacobins against the King, yet they still retained no inconsiderable share of influence. To annihilate their power was one of the leading objects of Robespierre; he at length effected his sanguinary purpose, and the convention

The

decreed the arrest of Brissot and his associates. dread of the guillotine, that new and awful engine of decapitation, spread its terrors over the whole country. Summary jurisdiction was executed by the inhuman and unprincipled creatures of the convention, and the least repugnance to their mandates was punished with unexampled rigour. Many opulent citizens were reduced to poverty, or inhumanly murdered, for the sake of adding their property to the public stock.

After a great struggle, the faction of Robespierre prevailed over that of Brissot, who, with a great number of the principal Girondines, was executed. On the other hand, Marat, one of the most ferocious adherents of Robespierre, was stabbed by a girl named Charlotte Corday, who was attached to some of the Girondines. A set of monsters were sent as Commissioners into the departments, where they butchered the people without mercy, mowing them down daily by hundreds, and inventing all sorts of wholesale murder unheard of before, such as the republican marriages, the noyades, fusillades, &c. &c. Amongst the bloodiest of these demons in human shape were Lebon, Carrier, and Fouché. The two former soon received their deserts, by being themselves sent to the guillotine; but Fouché, not only lives, but is loaded with wealth and titles, and has even been received as a cabinet minister by the brother of his royal victim. The chief scene of the brutal atrocities of Fouché was Lyons, the richest manufacturing town in France, which he declared his resolution to reduce to a few cottages.

Marie Antoinette, the deposed Queen, after a tedious and solitary confinement, was brought to her trial. She was arraigned as an enemy to the liberties of the people; condemned by a servile jury, and suffered by the guillotine. The Duke of Orleans, who had been notoriously active for the death of his sovereign, and vainly hoped to succeed to his power, was tried and guillotined, as was also Brissot, and many of his adherents.

At Lyons, as before observed, the republicans completely prevailed. General Doppet, after a vigorous

resistance, entered the city, wantonly laid waste the town, and without even the formality of a trial, indiscriminately butchered thousands of the inhabitants. Toulon, held by the British, made a spirited resistance; in one of the sorties by the garrison, General O'Hara was wounded and made prisoner. The increasing force of the enemy, however, determined the besieged to abandon a place they saw no prospect of retaining; but, prior to their retreat, Sir Sidney Smith gallantly volunteered his services in burning their storehouses and their shipping, amidst an incessant fire from the approaching foe. A dreadful conflagration ensued. Nine ships of the line, some in a state of repair, and others on the stocks, besides an immense quantity of naval stores, were destroyed. Three ships of the line, four frigates, and several sloops, were added to the British navy. As many of the insurgents as could be stowed in the returning ships, were brought off, while numbers of those who were left behind were immolated, and streams of blood of reputed traitors, many of them innocent and respectable characters, flowed in copious

torrents.

The energy and vigour of the republican party, and their late decree for rendering the Republic an armed nation, produced a wonderful effect in their favour. The Duke of York had abandoned Dunkirk, and the Allies were not more successful in the Netherlands; but in India, Pondicherry, and several of the French factories and ships were taken, as soon as the intelligence of hostilities arrived.

On the first of November, this year, died Lord George Gordon, brother of the present Duke of Gordon, born in 1750. Bred to the navy, he afterwards obtained a seat in the House of Commons. The part he took in the riots of 1780, has been already noticed in its proper place, with the libel on the Queen of France, &c. for which he was imprisoned in Newgate, where he died, having some time before added to the rest of his eccentricities, by embracing the Jewish faith!

SECTION XVII.

Marriage of Prince Augustus with Lady Augusta Murray-Accident at the Little Theatre-Return of the Duke of York from the Continent-Decisive Battle of Fleurus-Lord Howe's Victory-Royal Visit to Portsmouth-His Majesty's Declaration -London Corresponding, and other Societies-Suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act-Trial of Mr. Hastings-Dissentions among the Allies-Evacuation of Flanders-Atrocities of Robespierre-The Princess Lamballe-Fall of Robespierre—Further Dismemberment of Polund-Defeat of Kosciusko-Trial of Hardy, Horne Tooke, &c.-Mr. Windham: Acquitted Felons.-1795. Defection of the King of Prussia-Conclusion of Mr. Hastings's Trial-Arrival of the Stadtholder-Marriage of the Prince of Wales-Irish Catholics-Naval Affairs-Spanish Treaty with France-Expedition to Quiberon-bay-Capture of the Cape of Good Hope-Visit of their Majesties to StrawberryHill-Account of Horatio Walpole-Weymouth-Seeing the King, an Anecdote-Death of the Dauphin-Copenhagen fields Meeting-Assault on his Majesty-Earl of Onslow's Account -Dreadful Wind, &c.

1794-EARLY in this year a domestic event occurred, which tended to perplex the mind of his Majesty in no small degree. His Royal Highness Prince Augustus, while at Rome, met with the two daughters of the Governor of the Bahama islands, who had accompanied their mother, Lady Dunmore, to Italy, where they resided for a short time. Courting this agreeable society, the consequence was, that a mutual attachment took place between the Prince and Lady Augusta Murray, and they were married. Lady Murray became pregnant, and returned to England. His Royal Highness did the same, and at the instance of the lady and her friends, a second marriage took place. The parties were regularly asked in the church of St. George, Hanover-square, in the months of November and December: they were again united, according to the ceremonies of the Church of England, under the names of Augustus Frederick and Augusta Murray. As soon as the circumstances came to his Majesty's know