advanced with the left division towards the works constructed near Carighaut Pagoda. They continued their progress, though exposed to a severe fire of cannon and musquetry, and vigorously assaulted the redoubts; after a severe contest, the Earl took possession of the camp; about 500 Europeans and Sepoys were killed and wounded, but on the part of the enemy the slaughter was immense.

The Sultan, alarmed at the rapid progress of his enemies, strenuously exerted himself to ward off the impending storm; he repeatedly attempted to repel the troops that had crossed the river, and recover one of the principal redoubts on its north side, but all his efforts were in vain; his disheartened troops gradually deserted, and, after the failure of a most diabolical attempt to assassinate the Governor-general, he humbly sued for peace. Disapproving of the terms, he suffered the siege to continue to the last extremity: he at last agreed to resign one half of his dominions, to the release of prisoners, and to the payment of three crores and thirty lacs of rupees. Valuable districts on the coasts of Malabar, and in the vicinity of the Carnatic, were selected for the India Company: an equal portion of territory, and a third part of the treasure was allotted to the Nizam, and Mahratta state, and two of Tippoo's sons were delivered as hostages for the execution of the agreement.

This year Earl Fauconberg, whose elegant lodge their Majesties had visited, was appointed Master of the Horse to the Queen; the Earl of Aylesbury Treasurer of her Majesty's Household, and the Earl of Morton Chamberlain.

On the 8th of August their Majesties, with the Princesses, were present at the review at Bagshot, and were there joined by the Prince of Wales, and the Dukes of York and Gloucester. The Royal Family soon after went to Weymouth, and in September rode to Dorchester, and surveyed the new county gaol. Here a farmer, who had been confined seven years for a debt, incurred by a lawyer's bill of 2201. stated the particu

lars to his Majesty in a petition, when the King was pleased to pay the money, and the man was immediately liberated.

1793.-During the recess of parliament, the French King fell a sacrifice to the rage of his enemies, being guillotined on the 21st of January. He bore his sentence with magnanimity, but his inexorable judges were assailed with general execration.

On the intelligence of the King's fate being known in England, Chauvelin was ordered to quit the kingdom.

His Majesty, in acquainting parliament with the dismissal of Chauvelin, expressed his reliance on their support for the best means of prevention and defence. Lord Grenville, in discussing his Majesty's message, reprobated the atrocious act, which engrossed the attention of all Europe. His Lordship remarked, that the promised neutrality of our Court was conditional, depending on the proper treatment of the Royal Family of France. He urged the necessity of our arming for the protection of our allies, and to prevent the alarming aggrandizement of the French. The Marquis of Lansdowne, the Earls of Derby and Stanhope, contended that such a war would be unnecessary, and consequently unjustifiable, and that it might easily and honourably be avoided. But the speeches of Lord Chancellor Loughborough, the Earls of Darnley and Carlisle, Lords Stormont and Porchester, were decidedly hostile; and an address of support was voted to his Majesty.

In the House of Commons, Mr. Pitt deplored the fate of the French King; he deprecated the enormity of the principles of the republican rulers; principles pregnant with destruction to all religion, morality, and social order, which would finally reduce mankind to a state of the most dreadful anarchy. Mr. Fox confessed that the degree of fraternity was an insult to Europe, but no just ground for hostilities: after several debates, an address passed without a division.

The address had no sooner been presented, than his Majesty announced the French declaration of war against Great Britain and the United Provinces.

Mr. Pitt reprobated the groundless pretensions of the French for a declaration of war; and said, as we were' forced into hostilities, he hoped that the zeal of the country would second the views of the Court. Mr. Burke maintained that a more necessary and justifiable war could not be conceived; but Mr. Sheridan warmly contended against the supposed necessity, and strongly condemned the absurdity of making infidelity a ground for war. After some other debates the address passed, and considerable additions were made to our naval and military force. Soon after this his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales was made Colonel Commandant of the 10th, or Prince of Wales's own regiment of light dragoons.

As military operations were now deemed indispensible, in consequence of the overthrow of monarchy in France, the King, attended by the Prince of Wales, the Duke of York, and several general and other offi cers, came down the Mall from Buckingham-house to witness the departure of three battalions of guards, destined for foreign service, who were drawn up on the Parade before the Horse-guards. His Majesty was mounted on a beautiful white charger, and wore a general's uniform. After his Majesty had been about half an hour on the Parade, the battalions passed him by companies, moving to slow time, the officers saluting as they passed. They then went off by Storey's Gate, and took the road to Greenwich. The march was honoured with the presence of the Queen and the three eldest Princesses. The Duke of Clarence also came in a coach and six. His Majesty, with his suite, fell in with the rear of the battalions, and accompanied them to Greenwich, the place of their embarkation.

His Royal Highness the Duke of York was promoted to the rank of General in the army, and took an active part in the military operations.

The supplies, 16,698,000l. were readily voted by

Ꮓ Ꮓ

the Commons. Four millions and a half were borrowed; some new imposts, at first intended to be only temporary, were continued.

An alarm, occasioned by the failure of some mercantile houses, chiefly from the abuse of paper credit, drew the attention of parliament. In consequence, an act, seasonable for the revival of commercial credit, passed, for the distribution of five millions of Exchequer bills, among such traders as might apply for relief, on giving security in goods.

The institution of a Board of Agriculture received the Royal Sanction this session, and Sir John Sinclair, the original projector, was appointed president of the institution.

To conciliate the Catholics of Ireland, a bill was introduced, granting the right of voting for the election of members of parliament, also of holding particular offices, from which they had long been excluded, and the full toleration of their religion and property. All assemblies convened in the name of the people, under pretence of petitioning for alterations of the laws, or remonstrating against supposed grievances, were declared illegal.

A convention had been signed in the spring between our Court and Petersburgh, for the prosecution of hostilities till the French should relinquish all their conquests a treaty was also concluded with the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, for a subsidy of 8000 men, and soon after extended to 12,000. The King of Sardinia had also engaged, for 200,000l. annually, to keep up a standing army of 50,000 men, for the defence of his dominions, and in the general service against the enemy. An alliance was also adjusted with Spain, Naples, and others; with Prussia, Austria, and Portugal.

An attack of the French upon Breda, which however soon capitulated, was the first act of hostility: but the Prince de Saxe-Coburg, the Austrian general, obtained a complete victory at Aix-la-Chapelle. The discomfited French made a precipitate retreat to Liege, and their consternation extended to the camp of Miranda,