The number of works on shorthand in all languages known to the Royal Stenographic Institute, Dresden, the greater portion of which are in its library, as stated by Prof. Dr. Zeibig, under date of June 23, 1883, was 3,295, divided as follows: Latin, 91; English, 780, of which 370 relate to Isaac Pitman's phonography or modifications of it; Welsh, 8; French, 490; Spanish, 71; Portuguese, 16; Italian, 151; Roumanian, 6; Sclavonian, 3; Bohemian, 33; Russian, 52; Polish, 22; Slovenian, 3; Croatian, 7; Bulgarian, 4; Hungarian, 75; Finnish, 1; Danish, 7; Norwegian, 1; Swedish, 22; Grecian, 3; Turkish, 1; Dutch, 14; and German, 1,434, of which 684 relate to Gabelsberger's system and 482 to that of Stolze. SHORTHAND IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. The facts given in reference to the use of shorthand in some of the more important foreign countries have been gathered and translated mainly by Mr. Herman Reinbold, of Chicago, a gentleman of unusual linguistic attainments, an expert stenographer, and a translator of Stolze's system into several languages. The data have been obtained from recent publications and by personal correspondence. Argentine Republic.-The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies at Buenos Ayres have been stenographically reported since 1856. Ten stenographers are employed in each house, 10 using the system of Isaac Pitman, 6 that of Marti, and the others the method of Garriga y Maril. The salaries paid to the official stenographers vary from $60 to $100 a month, but their income is largely increased by work in the courts, &c The president of the stenographic bureau of the Senate, Emilio Yazaurraga, organized a shorthand society at Buenos Ayres in 1880. This organization publishes an almanac yearly and has a membership of 42. Stenography is taught at Buenos Ayres in several schools. Austria. The system of Gabelsberger is the only one recognized in Austria. The Parliament at Vienna, the Diets of the different provinces where the Bohemian, Polish, and other Slavonic languages are spoken, are all reported by Gabelsberger stenographers. Shorthand is extensively taught in schools and military academies. Belgium.-Stenographers have been employed since 1833 in the Belgian Chambers. At present there are 12, each receiving an annual salary of from 1,500 to 3,500 florins. Shorthand is generally little known. A German society exists at Verviers. A later statement prepared by Dr. Zeibig gives a total of 3,422 works, 923 of which are in the English language. Brazil. The first system published in Brazil was that of Taylor, translated by Pereira da Silva Velho in 1852. A son of Silva was appointed stenographer to the Assembly at Bahia. The proceedings are published in one of the leading newspapers, the government having no official journal. The Jornal do Commercio formerly had the contract, but in 1857 it was given to the Diario de Rio de Janeiro. This journal charged the government the exorbitant price of $1,000 a month for printing the proceedings, and in consequence the contract was soon transferred to the Correio Mercantil. The proceedings are now again. published in the Jornal do Commercio. The provincial Diets are now reported and the proceedings published in the provincial press. Each of the three principal stenographers of the Jornal do Commercio receives a yearly salary of 3,000 milreis, and, besides this, for services in the provincial Diets, a monthly salary of 870 milreis. The income of some reaches 12,000 milreis yearly. At present 6 stenographers are engaged in the Chambers, the proceedings being published under the title "Annaes do Parlamento." The systems used are those of Silva and Garriga. A translation of Garriga and some new systems have recently been issued. Bulgaria.-Professor Bezenšek published a translation of Gabelsberger's system in the Croatian language in 1878. Soon afterwards he was appointed stenographer to the Chamber and an appropriation was made by the government for the publication of a monthly stenographic magazine, the Jugoslavianskij Stenograf. Since that time Professor Bezenšek has taught the art in the high school at Sophia, and in 1882 instructed 107 persons. Denmark. The Folkething or Chamber at Copenhagen is reported by a staff of 15 stenographers and 6 revisers, under the presidency of J. Dessau, a translator of Gabelsberger. During 1883 25 persons were instructed, and the use of the art is increasing. England.-Isaac Pitman's 'system of shorthand, phonography, is taught in most commercial academies in England and is an optional subject for examination in the civil service. A commercial education is considered incomplete without it, and it is used very generally by shorthand clerks, who make use of it in the performance of their other duties, not giving its practice their entire time, as is the custom in American business houses. The largest association for the propagation of phonography is the Phonetic Society, with a membership of 2,400, all of whom have secured certificates of proficiency in the art. Most important towns in the United Kingdom have a phonographic association. In London there are three such societies. The Society of Arts holds an annual shorthand examination and grants prizes and certificates of proficiency. The literature of phonography is very large. Comparatively little of the literature is printed at the Phonetic Institute, Bath, but Mr. Pitman's own publications number 40 volumes, 18 of which are standard works printed throughout in phonography. Of the principal |