vagabonds, as commonly use to refort about fuch places; which rather, as drove-beats and miveners, thould be driven away and compelled to labour, than in their idleness and lewdneis, againft the form of the King's Grace s flatute in this behalf made, cherished, and maintamed, to the g eat hindrance and damage of the common-weal. Alfo, that all other almifes or diftri butions due, or accufiomed to be made, by reafon of the foundation, flatutes, or cuftoms of this place, be made and given, as largely and as liberally as ever they were at any time heretofore. Alfo," that the abbor, prior, or prefident, fhall find wood and fuel fuflicient to make fire in the Refectory, from Allhallow-even to Good-Friday. Oxford, May 20th, 1804. דרור Gloucefier fireet, Horton, Mr. URBAN, April 30, 1804. T HE ingenious Mr. Hayley in his Life of Cowper (vol. I. p. 227, 2d Edit) has inferted a letter from that delightful and lamented bard, to Mr. Park the engraver, in which he fays,"It was only one year that I gave to drawing, for I found it was an employinent hurtful to my eyes, which have been always weak and fubject to inflummation. I finished my attempts in this way with three fall landfcapes, which I prefented to a lady (Lady Auften): thefe may perhaps exift; but I have no co refpondence with the fair proprietor; except thefe, there is nothing remaining to fhew that I ever afpired to fuch an accomplishment."I am happy to inform Mr Urban,thatthe three drawings above alluded to do fill exift-my late valued friend Lady Auften did me the favour to prefent me with one of them in the month of June 1802, just before he went to France; where the died, August 12, 1802; and after her deceafe, Baron Tardiff was fo obliging to fend me the other two from Paris.As your readers will, no doubt, be gratified with having an engraving from the production of Mr. Cowper's hand, I have herewith fent one of the drawing for the purpose, (Plate II.) Yours, &c. J. A. KNIGHT. Mr. URBAN, June 1. LLOW me, by way of fuppleinent to the account of TuddingGENT. MAG. June, 1804. ton church in vol. LXXIII. p. 1005, to prefent you with an account of the monuments of the Cheneys in the South chancel there, now talt dilapidating. On the Weft fide, on an altar tomb with five quatrefoils, is a crois-legged figure in a round helmet, a furcoat, long word, pointed thield charged with the arms of Cheney, on a chevron three fieurs de-lis: at his feet a fhaggy lion. This monument may belong to JOHN de Chence, theriff of Bucks and Bedfordhire, 9 and 10 Edw. I; who is the firft of the family mentioned by Sir W. Dugdale, vol. II. p. 290. In two pointed flat arches on the South wall, in whofe pandrils are quatrefoils with blank fhields are altar tombs with like quatrefoils and fhields, a man in a pointed helmet, with his arms on it, lying with his head on a helmet, fhoulders on a cuthion fupported by angels fupporting a feroll across his neck, inferibed, Miferere mei Dens fec' mia' tua': and his girdle charged with flowers and fans alternately; plated armour; his armis on his breaft; gauntlets, mail, pointed fkirts, round knee, fhoulder,and elbow pieces, and dagger, plated fhoes, a lion at his feet. Under the other arch at his feet, his lady in a rich reticulated head drefs, with an embroidered bandeau or frontlet with a fwan in the centre, on a double cufhion with taffels, fupported by angels: fhe is habited in a loofe mantle and kirtle, bound by a rich girdle with a large buckle, her fleeves terminated in falling ruffles; at her feet a griffin. This may belong to WILLIAM de Chenei, of whom Dugdale fays, that he was in the infurrection with Edward duke of Lancaster, 15 Edw. II. and fuffered death at York with others of that party. The first monument on the Eaft fide, the feet to the Eafi wall, is that of DAME ANNE CHEYNE, DAUGHTER AND HEYRE OF SIR JOHN BROUGHTON, KNIGHT, MARRYED TO SIR THOMAS CHEYNE, KNIGHT, WARDEN OF THE CINCQ PORTS, TREASOROR OF HER MAJESTIES HOUSHOLDE, OF THE ORDER At the head] OF THE GARTER, AND ONE OF HER that labour cannot ultimately prove beneficial to a ftate, which entails immorality, difeafe, and premature decrepitude. It is hence equally humane and patriotic, to promote the health, growth, and vigour of youth, if we value the induftry, the happinefs, and wealth of a nation. If - the acorn poffefs not radical power, it will never germinate into the vigorous and furdy oak. The antients, indeed, in their attentions to fecure a powerful and hardy race of citizens, "anticipated their births, by promoting the health and ftrength of their mothers; while Britons may be faid to strangle the infants almoft in their cradles, by prema ture labour, the pernicious air of a crowded manufactory, and the profligacy entailed in confequence of the mode of employment. Hence originated the application to Farhament of the humane Sir Robert Peel, bart. by which, whole fome regulations were enacted to prot. et the young and friendiefs labourer, apprenticed to the manufacturer; but, alas! what can oppcle the fordid defire of pecuniary emolament; or thofe finifter arts which lucrative purfuits too frequently fuggeft! its poignant thorns over the pillow of gold, on which Avarice in vain endeavours to repofe. Well might the virtuous and benevolent Bernard exclain,The melancholy profpect of thoufands of young children, bred up to vice and difcafe, has always diminished the pleatre I might otherwife have derived from the view of our mamufactures. In the beft of them, I have feen but little gratifying, as to the actual condition of our ipecies; in the work, I have beheld every thing to difguft and fhock thofe who are habituated to confider man as the heir of immortality, and youth as the period in which he is to be fitted to contend for fo glorious a prize." I trust that the excellent BERNARD, as well as my friend Nen d, will experience confiderable gratification in contrafting the laudable conduct of a manufacturer at Lanark in Scotland, who in the acquifition of wealth diifufes health and hapin is to the fe from whofe induftry his own enjoyments in retum are reac&cd, multiplied, and fweetened. The account of this eftablishment, as related in "Erifed's Pe& firian Tour through part of the Highlands of Scotland" aferds fuch an huma and patriotic contraft to the miferable fvit m a oj teda' Holywell, Manchefer, Cas ought to c m uivertal tent n, and confeqn the to chly meri ing m→ her on inve vaiabl Reponterv. In the Bill alluded to, established by an Act of the 42d of George the Third, to take place on the 2d of June 1802. various falutary provifions are made, conducive to health, morals religious education, and inftruction or learning. It regulates th abopr tie, neceffary periods for rest and fleep, the proper atior the aparens, and dish ing of the apprentices; and "kewise's and earnt to fo many ci his We ar fire and wh delight, to doow how àir Dale, owner of the C en MP's, difc. ts h felt were aľes, exotorhea 'b,'nto thermo als, 1. s. the kingom confti- of rest welEwilt hartes, coming Froad reguler, ande canly firsets. Near the iddle town find the mills, and oppoth c f motion of the rence of the fiper menKs, and ore fior y of the requifin ceann is of the pa- fhe to place, u dant of the wy Letter to ti neo • k parts of the cry for Mr. Mr. Dale himself. The town contains two thousand inhabitants, mofi y Highlanders; all of whom, that are capable of labour, are employed by Mr. Dale in his fervice, eher in working at the cotton manufactory, or in repairing and -keeping the mills in order. Five hundred children are entirely fed, clothed, and inftructed, at the expence of this venerable Philanthropilt. The reft of the children live with their parents in comfortable and neat habitations in the town, and receive weekly wages for their labour. "The health and the happinefs depicted in the countenances of thefe children, thow that the proprietor of the Lanark mills has remebered mercy in the midst of his gain; the regulations adopted here for the prefervation of health, both of body and of mind, are fuch as do honour to the goodness and the difcernment of Mr. Dale, and prefent a tiriking contrali to the generality of large manufictories in this kingdom, which are the fchools of vice and of profligacy, the very hot-beds of difeafe and of contagion. It is a truth worch fhould be engraven in levers of gold, to the eternal honour of the founder of New Lanark, that, out of nearly three thoufand children working in three milis, during a period of twelve years, from 1785 to 1797, only four een have died, and not oe hath fuffered criminal punishment. Pure and fth air, without which life cannot exit, is administered in abundance in this manufictory, by frequently opening the windows, and by air-holes under every other window, which are left open during the fummer months The children are all washed before they go to work, and after they have finished their daily labour, previous to their appearance in the fchools. The floors and the machinery of the mills are waded once a week with hot water; and the walls and ci-lings, twice a year, are whe-wethed with unliked lime. The children are lodged in love airy rooms. The bays and girls are kept feparate from each other daring ret, meil times, and working hours. Hence, one moit material fource of the corruption and the profligacy which prevail in aloft all other large manufactores, is here prevented from exiting. "They are fed plentifully with plain and wholesome food, which conflts chiefly of fresh beef and barley broth, cheefe, potatoes, and barley bread, with now and then fome freth herrings as a variety. Their breakfast and fupper is, principally, oatmeal porridge, with milk in the fummer, and in winter a fance made of beer and melaffes. At feven o'clock the children fup; after this there is no night-work, a pernicious and infamous practice in ufe at molt other manufactories, for the purpole, as it thould feem, of promoting immorality and debauchery among the poor, ignorant, unfortunate manufacturers. After fupper the fchools open, and continue fo till nine o'clock. The leffer children, that are not yet old enough to work are infiructed in the day-time; the elder children learn in the evening, when the daily labour is concluded. "Froper mafiers and miftreffes are employed to teach both the boys and the girls: the boys learn to read and write, and caft accompis; the girls, in addition to these ineftimable acquifitions, are taught to work at the needle. Some of the children are taught church music; and on Sunday they all, under the immediate guidance of the matters, attend a place of divine worship, and the reft of the day is occupied chiefly in receiving moral and religious inftruction from thefe matters." The example afforded by this diftinguifhed Manufacturer, of philanthropy in unifon with patriotifm, confinias an axiom ia Ethics, that Virtue begets Industry, and Induftry Wealth To promote good morals in the poor, is the most certain mean of enfuring wealth to the employer; and while sympathy and Luanity are rewarded on one hand, gratitude and thankfulucfs are excited on the other; and thus a moral reciprocity is maintained between the poor and the affluent, which contributes to mutual happinefs, and conftitates the most durible bond of focial order in the various elates of the community. A fyftem of promoting industry and virtue, fo congenial to the fpirit of the benevolent Neild, early engaged his attention and approbation, as the following tranfcript of a Letter, dated "Manchester, Aug. 17, 1799, pleatingly evinces: Lanark Cotton Works have long attracted attracted the notice and adiniration of the publick. In point of extent they are unequalled in this country; and the gratitude of thoufands will ever attend Mr. Dale, who erected them, and gave employment to an incredible number of people. 66 Among thete it deferves particular notice, that many hundred little boys and girls were traced up to nielul babus of indufay, whilft at the fome time every attention is paid to inftruct them in the neceffary branches of education, and infell into their minds a knowledge of the important trains of Chriftianity. "Their years being tender, their tafks were light, and each day certain hours were allowed them for play and amufement. "Thus numbers, who would other wife become burdenfome to fociety, and, more than probable, been initiated in every fpecies of vice, have been refcued from that deplorable state, made ufeful to themfelves and the country, and trained up to virtue. "Never was the phrafe applied with greater propriety, than to lay of Mr. Dale, he deferves well of his Country. It has been faid that Mr. Dale has difpofed of his cotton-works at Lanark 10 a company in Manchefter for 60,000l." JOHN COAKLEY LETTSOM. Dear Sir, Chelfea, Nov 25, 1903. I would have aufwered your oblige ing letter fooner; but I waited for the inclofed paper, which I had left with Mr. Colquhoun (when I fer out on my laft tour of Vifitation) to fhew Mr. Bernard. I have got it copied, and inclofe it for your acceptance. Sir Robert Peel's Act to ameliorate the condition of the children apprentices employed in cotton manufactories baving been the fubject of much converfation, I though a little time would be well employed in examining how far the provifions of that act would effect the purpose inter ded. The calculation of the children employed in the cotton works at Manchefter is about ten hired to one who is apprenticed; and it is not uncommon to hire four or five out of one family, by whole earnings alone (about 258. pr weck) their parents are fupported in idlenefs and profligacy. I was in.formed none of the children could read, but thofe who were apprenticed out by the parishes of Londoni, &c. The four mills at Holywell in Flinthire employ about 1500 perfons, of whom 380 were apprentices, about 400 grown up perfons, and the remainder hied children. The apprentices generally are taken from the workhoufes, or from parents whofe local refidence will not permit their return home at night. I was informed here (Holywell) that the proprietors have determined to take no more apprentices, and the act does not extend to hired children. It was the cufiom for five or fix to fleep in a bed, but the most I faw was three. They rife at fix, and work till feven in the evening, when a fiefiet comes on, and work till fix the next morning, this fucceeding each other, fo that the work never ceales, except from 12 o'clock on Saturday night to 12 on Sunday night. Their breakfaft is brought to them, and they are allowed one hour at dinner. The dietary was good; their fleeping-rooms well fituated, airy, and well ventila ed. How they had been inftructed, I had no opportunity to examine. At Nap wich in Cheshire, I met with a different reception to what I had experienced in Lancashire and Wales. One of the proprietors, a Mr. Bott, not only denied me admittance into the manufactory, but refufed to answer any questions I put to him: fuch as, How many perfons were employed in the mills? the number of apprenticeshired children—and adults? It is evident, that, if hired children are not included in the regulations of Sir Robert's Act, instead of a useful, it will operate a very bad effect. Adien, my good friend, and believe me moft fincerely yours, Dr Lettfom, London. JAS. NEILD. The principal objects of attention in the managenient of large manufactories, where large numbers of people of all ages and both fexes are aflembled, fhould be the prefervation of health and morals. . With regard to the health of those employed in cotton factories, though the numbers in each room are fuch as would not do much injury to the air, if that air was pure and uncontaminated when introduced for the mecha• nifm is now fo perfect that one or two perfons can easily work a large machine); yet the windows being fearcely ever opened for fear of damp air being |