which may certainly, at a future period, and, in the country elpecially, add to the labours of a pampered footman; for one of the whalebone lengths with the brush at the end of it,occafionally put up and worked round a kitchen or chamber chimney, as far as it will go, will bring down the foot from the part where it moft fettles and accumulates, and where, from its proximity to the flame, it is moft dangerous, and likely to be fet on fire.

An infiance of the application of a machine in extinguithing a fire in a chimney has lately occurred, and afforded the Committee a pleafing, becaufe unexpected, proof of the additional utility of their plans. The circumftances were thortly as follow: the chimney of a houfe in Camden town caught fire, burnt with fury, and formed one colunin of flame from rep to bottom: by one application of a machine being fent up (the brush being first dipt in water, and a wet cloth hung round it), the fire was immediately and effectually extinguished, and not a spark remained; the operation was performed without any danger to the perfon who effected it, and without doing the leaft injury to the furniture. So fimple a remedy may probably excite the attention of the lifurance Offices to the adoption of it.

Your readers will have feen by the newspapers, that the thanks of the Committee have been voted to an architect who, in the buildings under his direction, has caufed the flues to be confructed with the elbows having a long fweep, and the fhape fquare inftead of oblong, in order that they may, with greater eafe, he effectually cleanfed by machines; and the Committee recommend to architects, and others con'cerned in building, to adopt fuch meafures as may be deemed molt expedient for the like purpose.

The principal and most respectable part of the mafter chimney-fweepers have reluctantly agreed to make trial of the machines. and report upon their utility to the Committee; who, to preVept any imputation of a wifh to deprive the trade of their livelihood, have fupplied them, gratis, with machines for the trial. I am by no means fanguine in my expectation of co-operation on the part of the mafter chimneyfweepers, who are too much prejudiced against the plan cordially to affift in its exesution; but, at all events, good

will refult from their trial; if they pronounce in favour of the machines, the ufe of them will immediately become univerfal; if, on the contrary, they reject them, the Committee are bound to encourage the inventors, and fuch other perfons as will work them; and then the question will be fairly at iffue before the publick, whofe good fenfe and humanity muft decide upon it according to its merits. When the chimney-fweepers fhall have reported upon the practicability of the machines, you may probably again hear from W. T.

Yours, &c.

THE PURSUITS OF ARCHITECTURAL INNOVATION. No. LXVII. ASTING about in the Antiquarian world, I find one friend affirming,

that a Gate of entrance to a City, the Clofe of a Cathedral, or the like, whether of fimple or enriched work, is more beautiful to the eye, and conveys more Architectural information to the mind, than any of our Cathedrals in all their fum of magnitude and fplendour. Another, to gain the file or promife of fome great man, facrifices all his delineatory proofs of love for the Antiquities of his Country. A third, notwithstanding an outward fhew of respect for antient natters, yet is ever preventing any real admirer of them from bringing forward penciled documents, that in fuch or fuch an age an Altar was fo fet up, or a Bifhop fo robed; he declaring fpecimens of this nature a fort of introduction to Popery, and not to be endured. A fourth, or fifth, nay, by feores I may count out the like fort of men, good and true in Antiquity's canfe, and hear them harangue in felect parties, or in public meetings, on the affairs of this branch of National Study. I have cleared away, at laft, the Priory ruins on my eftate. All our City Gates are down, thank the improvers of the ftreets, who declared them nuifances; but we are rather at a ftand about the three Gates belonging to the Cathedral Clofe. The Bishop, good man, is fomewhat obftinate, by declaring, nothing hall alter his refolution, in having then preferved with the utmost care. We do not, however, give the thing up; every man has his hour of com pliance; and, between ourselves, one of the three remaining Gates has been yellow-wafhed over, and improved at the top. This is a good fign towards

the"

"I beg leave to say something in vindication of " " If we muft lay out our money to encourage the knowledge of Antiquity, let the fubjects be of foreign growth. Give me Infcriptions and Statues from Egypt, Baths from Rome, and Temples from Greece; and I repeat, that to trouble ourselves about thofe Antiquities which are, as one may fay, ftanding by our own doors, fuch as Croffes, Barrows, Rockingftones, Celts, Gateways, Caftles, and Churches, is paffing our time to very Hittle purpose. To me fuch things are of no interest, contemptuous, and ought, in order to improve the face of the Country, to be entirely done away, forgot, and

"

Enough, enough; the cry is up; Antiquity among us is again threatened, wounded, and reviled. Shall I, then, her zealous votary, her conftant knight, remain unconcerned, inactive; fit down in flothful eafe; my steely guife, my pencil, and my pen thrown by, all left to ruft, and ufelefs grow? Forbid it, my life's dearest hope! forbid it, all ye, fpirits prefiding over yon fainted fanes, who bade them rife! Hark! what dulcet notes, what enlivening ftrains, chaunted by angelic voices, break in on the filence of my peaceful roof! Harmony, I ever own thy fweet dominion! Listening, I hear, and lif tening wait the end of this enrapturing melody:

"Mortal, once more go forth, and free, From Error's chains, Antiquity;

To Cambria's climes, hafte, hafle away,
And draw the veil, while yet 'tis day;
Old arts revive, display their store,
From Cardiff to St. David's thore ;

Each Caftle view, each Tomb and Shrine,

Noting well fuch works divine;
Once more a faithful Pilgrim go,
Penance again epdure: then know,
Your troubles paft, your labours done,

folves became fixed, and I forthwith put my felf in Touristical array! How bright my armour fhone; my pencil, how ready, and my pen, how apt! I then brandifhed my ftaff, and fallied forth in fearch of the flying furor; my infpiring air of march, "The monster Innovation dies !"

With much hilarity I profecuted my pilgrimage as far as Gloucester; furveyed, as is my cuftom whenever I vifit this City, the Cathedral; partook of my ufual enjoyment, in looking over the noble work of the Nave, the increasing and exuberant enrichments of the Choir; its fretted roof, the heavenly choir thereon fculptered; the fplendid Eaft window, which, without a parallel, not only extends in width beyond the lines of the choir, but mounts, in one elevation, from the pavement to the } very fummit of the groins. The Chapel of Our Lady prolongs the fcene of excellence, still more lavish of enibellifhments than the Choir itfelf. Thus the refined arrangements are carried on, at first to elevate, then to aftonish, and at laft to impart excefs of admiration. Notwithbanding the ftrong oppofition made against any further publication of a feries of engravings illuftrating our Cathedrals; yet the feveral plates relative to this grand ftructure are in a ftate of forwardnefs. This intelligence has just come to me by way of hiut; as a hint, therefore, I here, not improperly I prefine, introduce it.

Made the best of my way to Rofs; paffed by Goodrich Cafile; retted a day at Monmouth; came to Ragland; calt my attention once more on the Cafile, the fatal monument of enthufiaftic Loyalty. Its near neighbour, Ufk Catile, had not fo much intereft with me; a picturesque ruin certainly, and engaged my pencil for a short space. Journeying on towards Caerleon, and being about to pass over a final antient bridge, my way was crofled by an aged feer; his eyes were bent on mine, fome words he muttered, unintelligible to me, and waved his hand, as though he willed me to return from whence I came. Somewhat alarmed, I advanced on to the centre of the bridge, when, turning round to fee if this inaufpicious native had withdrawn himfelf, I ftill winefied him in his prefaging attitude. At this moment, the wind, fpringing up, blew my veft afide, and the gleams of my breat-plate friking his haggard brows, hew! air, thin air, fucceeded,

and

Well, I am in the precincts of Caerleon, Roman, antient British renown, in regal pomp, in martial feats, in pride of arts, all food revealed before me; more, I must confefs, by recollection of good old ftory, than by memorials left. What then? I ftood on claffic, rather fay romantic ground. After much pleafing reverie, I walked over the fite of this once-heroic place; obferved the Amphitheatre, the Caftle works, towers by the river, and remnant of the tower which guarded the pass of the river. Here then I turned my back on Caerleon; foon came to Newport, where the firft object that came under notice was the remaining Eaft front of the Caftle. This front gives what the enemies of our Antiquities fo much condemn the want of in old ftructures, a regular and uniform mode of defign; confifting of a principal work in the centre, inferior parts in continuation, right and left; and at each extremity leffer works, by way of wings, &c. In leaving this town (unlike a Pilgrim, in a carriage drawn by four horfes) fomewhat in more fpeed than I wished, I could just difcern in the High ftreet (evening approaching) fome part of antient build ings much enriched, and in a fine fivle our feet courfers quickly reached the environs of Cardiff, my firfl grand ftation, where I was to fojourn fome time, in order to enter on the more immediate purport of my prefent pilgrimage. Now for fome needful refresh inent, and then to kind repofe.

I

AN ARCHITECT.

Jun. 1.

Mr. URBAN, UNDERSTAND, though I have not feen it, that the Letters of Cardinal York have been published in the Monthly Magazine, and alfo in fome of the Newspapers; which I am forry for, as I could have wifhed.if they came before the publick (generally), that the trafaction fhould have been more completely ftated. I prefented copies of the Fac Simile to the British Mufeum, and to the Royal and Antiquary Societies, as well as to fome individuals, from one of which copies this publication must have originated.

As the tranfaction forms a fort of epoch in the hifiory of the Houfe of Brunfwick, I could now with that it may be handed to pofterity through

your very claffical publication, and therefore fend you one of the copies.

For a confiderable time paft the Cardinal of York has given an afylum to the King of Sardinia, at his bifhopric of Frafcati, &c. It will be recollected, independently of the Act of Settlement, he is the heir of line, after the Cardinal, to the British Throne. J. C. H.

The following Article appeared in the

Times," 28th Feb. 1800.

THE CARDINAL OF YORK. "Few Princes (fays Voltaire, fpeaking of James II.) were more unhappy than James; and there is no inftance in hiftory, of any family being unfor tunate for fo great a length of time. The firft of his ancestors that bore the name of James, and was King of Scotland, after being detained prifoner in England eighteen years, was affaflinated by the hands of his own fubjects.-James II. his fou, was killed at nineteen years of age.-James III. after being imprisoned by his fubjects, was flain by the rebels in an engagement.

James IV. perifhed in a battle, which he loft.-James V. in the perfuafion that his nobles and generals had betrayed him, died of immoderate grief, feven days before the birth of the unfortunate Mary, after lofing two fons in one day.-Mary Stuart, his daughter, driven from her throne, and a fu gitive in England, after having languifhed eighteen years in a prifon, was condemned to death by Englith judges, and loft her head on a fcaffold!Charles I. grandfon of Mary, King of England and Scotland, was fold by the Scotch, fentenced to death by the Englifh, and died on a fcaffold before the eyes of the people.-James, his fon, the feventh of the name in Scotland, and the fecond in England, abandoned his three Kingdoms, and died a fugitive at St. Germain's.-His fon, in attempting to regain the throne of his ancestors, only brought his friends under the hands of the executioner.Charles-Edward, the grandion of James II. made the fame attempt, with no better fuccefs, and efcaped under difficulties almoft incredible. If any thing (adds Voltaire) could juffify thofe who believe in an unavoidable fatality, it would be the continued fucceflion of misfortunes which have befallen the Houfe of Stuart during the pace of above three hundred years."

Voltaire had lived to this day, he

might have witneffed the fame feverity of fortune in the inftance of the only furvivor of that unfortunate houfe, with whom the direct male branch will be extinct.

The Cardinal of York, the brother of Charles-Edward, early dedicated himself to a life congenial with the habits of his mind. Placid, humane, and temperate, he fought confolation for the misfortunes of his predeceffors, in a fcrupulous obfervance of the duties of his religion, apparently fecured, in his retirement, from the forms and viciffitudes but too often attendant upon political life, The malign influence of the Star which had fo ftrongly mark ed the fate of fo many of his illuftrious ancestors was not exhausted; and it was peculiarly referved for the Cardinal of York to be expofed to the fhafts of adverfity, at a period of life when leaft able to ftruggle with misfortune. At the advanced age of feventy-five, he is driven from his epifcopal refidence: his houfes facked; his property confifcated; and conftrained to feek his perfonal fafety in flight, upon the feas, under every aggravated circumftance that could affect his health and fortunes!

It is unneceffary to renew our comments on the gracious act which has already been announced in favour of the Cardinal of York. It was referved for Great Britain to footh the malevolence of his fortunes; and we truft the beneficence of the Sovereign will be recognized in Parliament, as a lafting memorial of an event which forms an interesting epoch in the annals of our country.

Tranflation of Letters from his Eminence the Cardinal Borgia* to Sir J. C. Hippifley, Bart. on the Subject of the Relief graciously afforded by his Majefly to the Cardinal of York t.

Padua, Sept. 14, 1799. THE friendship you honoured me. with at Rome encourages me to lay

Cardinal Borgia was the principal organ of the government and correspondence of the See of Rome during the imprifonment of the late Pope Pius VI. his Holinefs having delegated powers to that effect. Cardinal Borgia is juftly celebrated for his polite literature, and fine collection of Natural History, &c. He is F. A. S. of

London.

+ The following lines, written by W.

before you a cafe worthy of your most mature reflection; which is, that among the other Cardinals who inve taken refuge in Padua, here is alfo the Cardinal Duke; and it is greatly afflicting to me to fee fo great a perfonage, the last defcendant of his Royal houfe, reduced to fuch diftreffed circumfiances, having been barbaroufly ftripped by the French of all his property; and if they deprived him not of life alfo, it was through the mercy of the Almighty, who protected him in his flight, both by fea and land; the miferies of which, nevertheless, greatly injured his health, at the advanced age of feventy-five, and. produced a very grievous fore in one of his legs.

Thofe who are well informed of this moft worthy Cardinal's domeftic affairs have allured me, that fince his flight, having left behind him his rich and magnificent moveables, which were all facked and plundered, both at Rome and Frafcati, he has been fupported by the filver plate he had taken with him, and which he began to difpofe of at Meflina; and I understand that, in or der to fupply his wants a few months in Venice, he has fold all that remained.

Of the jewels he poffeffed, very few remain, as the most valuable had been facrificed in the well-known contributions to the French, our deftruétive plunderers: and with refpect to his income, after having fuffered the lofs of forty-eight thoufand Roman crowns annually by the French revolution, the remainder was loft alfo by the fall of Rome, namely, the yearly fum of. ten thousand crowns affigned him by the Apoftolical Chamber, and alfo his particular funds in the Roman bank. The only income he has left is that of his benefices in Spain, which amounts to fourteen thoufand crowns; but which, as it is only payable at pre-. fent in paper, is greatly reduced by

T. Fitzgerald, efq. were introduced in one of the anniverfary poems, recited at a annual celebration of the Literary Fund, 1800. (See vol. LXX. p. 371.)

"Ilustrious Ifle! fair Freedom's last re

treat!

The throne of Honour pure Religion's feat 1

Still fhall the perfecuted stranger find,
Thy happy thores the refuge of mankind!
And the laft Prince of Darnley's house shall

own,

His debt of gratitude to Brunfwick's throne!"

the