The main object of the Difcourfe, is to evince, that "the Church was never more authorized than at prefent to cleave to every fundamental article of her Creed, that the ftate of things never gave lefs occafion for conceffions, or the state of the world lefs encouragement." To eftablish thefe conclufions, the author confiders three great claffes of opponents, the Freethinkers and Deifts, the Unitarians, or, as they call themfelves, rational Chrif tians, and the Calvinifts, pretending to the title of Evangelical teachers. Refpecting each of thefe, he feparately fhows, that we have no reafon to concede to them. To the infidels, because their doctrines are neither new nor valid; under which head he takes occafion juftly to cenfure thofe who would give up the Mofaic books to the objections of gainfayers; alluding particu larly to the ftrange apoftacy of Dr. Geddes. To the rationalifts, after many other found reafons, he replies with St. Auftin, "Tell us fairly that you do not bel ve the Bible: for while you believe only what you choose to i elieve, and all that you do not choose to believe reject, it is plainly yourfelves only that you have any faith in, and not in the Bible." (P. 15.) To the Calvinifts he replies, that our minifters "are not the ministers of Calvin, but of JESUS CHRIST;" and the attempt to fix his doctrines upon us, through our articles of Faith, he repels, by obferving, with Dr. Laurence and others, that the Calvinistic doctrine of reprobation is there moft carefully omitted, and that "the Calvinifts of the time when the articles were produced, nay even Calvin himself, ftrongly objected to, and remonstrated against fuch omiffions." P. 18.

The arguments are then very ably fummed up under their three diftinct heads. Though we have been obliged greatly to comprefs the matter of this difcourfe, in giving our account of it, and have not been able to give much fpecimen of its ftyle, every difcerning reader will fee that it must be a valuable pro

duction.

ART. 36. St. Paul's Zeal in the Miniftry, and his Love for Chriftian Unity. A Sermon, preached at St. Peter's Church, Carmarthen, on Thursday, July 11, 1805, before the Society for Promoting Chriftian Knowledge and Church Union in the Diocefe of St. David's, and published at their Requeft. By the Rev. Mofes Grant, M. A. Rector of Nalton, and Prebendary of St. David's. To which is added an Account of the Society. 8vo. 44 PP. 1S. Carmarthen, printed and fold. Alfo Rivingtons, London. 1805.

In our laft number (p. 574) we alluded to the fociety for which this fermon was compofed and preached; and at the end of the prefent, completely to explain its nature and defign, we have re printed a paper, which is in fact a circular letter from the dioce.

fan himself, giving a plan of the fociety; and preceded by fome extracts from bishop Burnet illuftrating the utility of it.

That the prefent difcourfe is admirably calculated to promote the purposes of fuch a plan, may be shown in part by the following paffage from it; wherein the preacher alludes to certain irre. gular focieties, in other parts of the kingdom, which tend rather to divide than to promote church union, and are held not under the authority of the diocefan, but in contempt of it.

"But here let it be remarked, that though, at all times, a fervent zeal is to be cherished, and the holy flame never to be quenched; yet this is to be tempered with difcretion; and care fhould be taken not to pafs the bounds of knowledge, and of regular difcipline. The Church hath unfortunately feen zeal without dif cretion, which formerly, as well as at the prefent time, hath lead to difunion and fchifm: and hath brought great difcredit to the facred caufe we are to fupport: let us then endeavour to encourage that holy ardour, that hath " decency and order" for its bafis.

"No confiderate perfon can help lamenting the many fchifms into which Chriftians are divided; fuch fchifms multiplying as foon as the line of jeparation is paffed. When once the bounds of order are tranfgreffed, it is like a flood breaking its banks, and the ftream takes various, and contrary directions, deftructive to the country that is overflowed.

"The affociating then of Minifters, who meet to encourage both knowledge and zeal, will directly tend to discountenance the earlieft deviation to diforder in our Church. It is natural for man to err, to run into extremes; and affociations that may regulate the one, and encourage or forward the other, must be highly conducive to that "Purity of Devotion which accompanies fincere Chriftian Union and univerfal Benevolence."-Let well meaning men then have this maxim continually in view; "He who advances gently, and gradually, and with caution, may have the hope of proceeding furely and fuccefsfully *." Confidence then in the Mafter we ferve, and continual earnestness in the important task, will urge us to exertion: and the repeated exhortations of our Lord, and his Apostles to union, will effectually check that propensity to feparation, which too much prevails, and which hath always been deplored by men, who weighing well the ground of Chriftian Unity,-that there is one God, cne Faith, one Baptifm, -were therefore, (however they might differ in particular opiniorts,) kept from divifions, by the unity of the Spirit, the bod of peace; and humbled themfelves before God, confidering waist worhip as the genuine fruit of love; the bond of perfectnefs." P. 15.

«* Mr. Bernard's Preface Vol. II. of Reports for Bettering the Condition of the Poor."

The

The rest of the difcourfe equally proves an enlightened spirit of zeal and piety.

By the accounts fubjoined to the fermon we fee that the amount of annual fubfcriptions in the diocefe, for the purposes of the fociety, is not less than 4091.10s. Befides which the benefactions toward forming a fund for clerical education are 350l. 11s. 6d. of which no less than 120l. has been fubfcribed by the bishop himfelf.

MISCELLANIES.

ART. 37. The Military, Hiftorical, and Political Memoirs of the Count de Hordt, a Swedish Nobleman, and Lieutenant General in the Service of his Majesty the King of Pruffia. In Two Volumes. Revifed by Monfieur Borelly, late Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences and Belles Lettres at Berlin, &c. &c.

We should certainly have given this lively and interesting narrative a place among our principal articles, were it not for the preffure of numerous books of greater importance with regard to actual fervice. This will afford much entertainment in the perufal to all who have have any curiofity about the Great Frederick of Pruffia. It contains various anecdotes of his different campaigns, which demonftrate the truth and juftice of his claims to the character of Great. Would that he had now been living to have checked the ferocious irruption of a barbarous hoft, whofe paths are marked by univerfal ruin and devaftation. The narrative alfo contains many curious incidents, illuftrative of the Court of Ruffia, the character of the Emprefs Catharine, and indeed of the various potentates of Europe, who then acted confpicuous parts on the theatre of the world.

How

is the ftate of Europe changed, and what would the feelings now be of the diftinguished individuals abovementioned? We wait in awful filence in the midft of fcenes unparalleled in the hiftory of mankind.

ART. 38. Retrofpe of Philofophical, Mechanical, Chemical, and Agricultural Difcoveries; being an Abridgement of the periodical and other Publications, Englijb and Foreign, relative to Arts, Chemistry, Manufactures, Agriculture, and Natural Philo. Sophy, accompanied, occafionally, with Remarks on the Merits or Defects of the refpective Papers; and, in fome Cafes, fhewing to what other useful Purpojes Inventions may be directed, and Difcaveries extended, beyond the original Views of their Authors. Vol. I. 8vo. 404 PP. 10s. 6d. Wyatt 1806,

The publication of this first volume or collection of ufeful papers, difcoveries, &c. and the propofal for publishing further numbers of it periodically, that is one every three months; has

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been

been undertaken (as is acknowledged in the preface) by the proprietors of another periodical publication; namely, the Repertory of Arts.

The magazines and other works which are now periodically published, being too numerous, too diffufe, and too expenfive, the proprietors of this undertaking propofe to extract from all thofe books whatever may really deferve the attention of inqui fitive perfons, and to publish it in fmall volumes or numbers, which being printed with a full page, and not a large type, may contain a confiderable quantity of matter, and of course be not very expenfive. To feveral of the articles thus extracted, they endeavour to add fome obfervation, explanations, or corrections, which may render them more acceptable to the public.

The prefent volume is divided into three numbers; and the articles in every one of those numbers are arranged under other fubdivifions: thus the firft number contains 21 articles under the title Chemistry and Mineralogy, 25 under that of Natural Philofophy, Arts, and Manufactures, 33 accounts of patents, and 12 relating to Agriculture. The fecond number contains 21 articles belonging to Chemistry and Mineralogy, four under the title of Natural Philofphy, Arts, and Manufactures, 18 articles relative to Patents, and feven belonging to Agriculture. third number contains 26 articles under the title of Agriculture, 32 under that of Natural Philofophy, Arts, Manufactures, &c. 31 belonging to Chemistry and Mineralogy, and 16 relative to

Patents.

The

Since thofe articles have all already appeared in other publications, it would be needlefs to fay any thing refpecting them. The obfervations, explanations, &c. that are annexed to fome of them, are the only things new and peculiar to the present volume. But with refpect to these we may briefly obferve, that in general they appear to confift moftly of obvious and trifling remarks, very few indeed being excepted.

ART. 39. The philofophical Principles of the Science of Brewing; containing theoretic Hints on an improved Practice of Brewing Malt-Liquors; and ftatical Estimates of the Materials for Brewing, or a Treatife on the Application and Ufe of the Saccharameter; being new Editions of thofe Treatifes corrected and greatly enlarged, with feveral new and interefting particulars; including the Tables and Directions for using the Saccharometer, heretofore given only with the Inftrument. The Third Edition, in a colletted Form. By John Richardson. 8vo. pp. 485. 11. 15. T. and J. Richardfon. 1805.

This author who has decorated the art of brewing with the title of fcience, in a preface of confiderable length justly deduces the importance of the fubject to Great Britain, from the national revenue arifing from it, (which, including the duties on malt and

hops,

hops, amounts to nearly four millions per annum,) from its commercial advantages, and from its utility to individuals. He wonders, that the method of brewing has not made an earlier progress towards general perfection, and that the management of it has hitherto been intrusted to the care of common fervants, or ignorant perfons; fince there are qualities belonging to the materials for brewing which are only to be learnt by a fcientific intimacy with the fubject. He then takes a curfory view of the practice of the brewhouse, and divides the process of brewing into three parts; namely, taking the liquor, boiling the wort, and the fermentation; all which he briefly examines; adding feveral proper remarks. At the end of the preface there are two lifts of the London brewers, and the quantities of beer they ufually brew, viz. one lift for the year 1786, and the other for the year 1792.

Of a work like the prefent which in feparate parts, as well as in the prefent collected form, has undergone feveral editions, is not incumbent upon us to give a very particular account; fince the usefulness of it being already eftablished by its public reception, our imperfect judgment would be entirely difregarded by the practical brewers, who, in truth, are the only competent judges of its merit. We fhall, therefore, briefly make a few general remarks, and conclude our account.

In the first place (as it appears from the preface to the theoretic hints) the reader, though he pays a guinea for the book, must not expect to find in it the account of the actual improved method of brewing; but hints only towards obtaining that object; for this author's love of fame has not predominated over his interest.

"The defign," he fays," of the author in the publication of the fubfequent pages, is rather to intimate the probability of a complete fyftem of brewing, than to promulgate one. Were he prompted by inclination to the undertaking, his intereft would forbid the execution of it."

Though it may in general be faid that this author is rather prolix, that many of his paragraphs might have been fuppreffed, whilft a great many are fufceptible of contraction, and that feveral of his obfervations are trivial; yet the whole, if not entirely tending to the improvement of the brewing bufinefs, may however afford confiderable information to those who spend their lives almost entirely in a brewhouse.

There is an index fubjoined to this work, and one copper plate engraving with delineations of the faccharometer, affay jar, and a few other inftruments useful to the brewer.

ART. 40. Letter to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, on the probable Number of the Clergy; the Means of providing more effectually for the Repair and Rebuilding of Churches; and other Matters, connected with the Interests of Religion and Mora

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lity.