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[Printed by NICHOLBAB, SON, Red-Lion-Patiage, Fleet Street.]

J. BRANSCOMB, Stock-Broker, at the Lucky Lottery Office, No 11, Holbourn.

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AVERAGE PRICES of CORN, from the Returns ending Aug. 18, 1804.
INLAND COUNTIES.

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MARITIME COUNTIES.

Wheat Rye Barley Oats Beans
d. s.
d. s. d.
Middlef. 66 1000 031 928 940 3 Effex
Surrey 71 038 032 829 040 0 Kent
Hertford 55 835 627 921 631 6 Sutfex
Bedford 54 1100 000 025 839 7 Suffolk
Hunting. 54 400

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Rutland 57 000 029 625 038
Leicester 55300 031 024 240 6 York
Notting. 64 832 028 028 840 0 Durham 63
Derby 64 600 026
Stafford 53 7100
Salop 61 342
Hereford 52 833 638 530 1144 3 Lancast. 64 600 034 427 939 4

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026 641 Northum. 57 3310 27 243 10 Cumberl. 65

035 10 30 000 o Westmo. 66 241 030 826 300

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Worcest. 55
Warwick 60 400 040 030 145
Wilts 67 600 034 8 30
Borks 71 800 033 429
Oxford 59 100 032 10 28
61 600 029 6 28

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Brecon 57 636 931 224

Montgo. 55 300 COO

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Radnor 52 200 0 35 426 600

Average of England and Wales, per quarter. 60 136 11.32 3/26 339 5

Average of Scotland, per quarter.

Carmart. 57 300
Glamorg. 63 000 039 423 1100
Glouceft. 57 800
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Somerset 63 400 000 626 744 10
Monm. 62

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Hants
AVERAGE PRICES, by which Exportation and Bounty are to be regulated.

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THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,

For

AUGUST,

LETTER IX. ON PRISONS.
Sambrook Court,
August 20.

MR. URBAN,

T

* HE motives which
have given rife to
the remarks on Pri-
fons, and fimilar

nated from an ar-
Institutions, origi-

dent defire to remove their abuses,
and to promote their improvements.
Grateful would be the pleasure to
record the latter; and under this
sentiment, the County Goal at
Chelmsford, and the Bridewell at
Halsted, are introduced in the fub-
sequent letter; where the reader
will find much to approve, and lit-
tle to cenfure. Happy would it be
for the community, as well as for
the objects of confinement, were
eulogy more generally applicable;
but scarcely does the eye furvey this
prison with approbation, when a
contraft is presented, in some of the
bridewells, workhouses, and houses
of correction, of nakedness, filth,
and difease.

It is truly painful to meet with fuch frequent occafions of recording neglect and mismanagement, and it may become disgusting to the reader; but abuses that are fraught with danger to individuals, and to the community, imperiously demand animadverfion and censure, in order to stimulate attention, and produce reformation. In reverting to preceding letters, and connecting the following, it is a matter of furprize that infectious fevers are not more generally extended. The numbers of poor objects crowded into one apartment, almost without light, and, still more destructive, without air, or change of raiment,

1804.

are sufficient to generate peftilential fevers in every town exposed to these prolific sources of contagion, and which endanger the fafety of every individual.

To extend and rivet the mischief, water, a most important article of species of uncleanliness tolerated. prevention, is denied, and every To augment the miferable scenery, immorality is super-added, where divine service is neglected, or totally excluded. Alas! what a picture of human infelicity and depravity do these letters pourtray! Do any animals, or collection of brutes, afford fuch a complication of wretchedness ?

How many fellow-creatures commonly die in this Empire by infectious fevers is not ascertained; but, from the returns in London, the aggregate may be estimated at 40,000; for, in this Metropolis, my respectable friend Thomas Bernard, esq. whose caution and accuracy no person will doubt, calculates the number of victims at 3000 each year.

In contemplating this deplorable mortality, so easily to be leffened, or prevented; the mind feels fome gratification in reflecting upon the philanthropy of several individuals, who have affociated together, for the purpose of preventing contagion, by establishing an House of Recovery * for the reception of infected persons; whilft their habitations, containing the feeds of difease, are purified. This has produced the most salutary effects in Chester, where the plan was first suggested, by my respectable and highly-valued friend, Dr. HAYGARTH. A kindred friend, I have

* We could have wished that this house had been more infulated. EDIT.

the

the pleasure of claiming in the amiable Dr. PERCIVAL, who introduced the same into Manchester. Liverpool, Dublin, and other towns, have followed the example, in the promotion of which London now participates; and the falutary effects, confidering the productive causes of disease, preserved in and issuing from Prisons, Bridewells, Workhouses, and other fources of infection, already exceed expectation; and, should the Magistracy generally and uniformly co-operate in cleanfing the numerous Augean stables under their jurifdiction, we may hope to fee this scourge of the human race nearly, if not totally, exterminated; and thus about 40,000 useful lives snatched from the deftructive operation of contagion *.

If to this pleasing view we add the preservation of 48,000 victims to the Small-pox, which may now be preserved by the Cow-pock, we have in our power to poffefs the sublime contemplation of forming a faving fund of human life of nearly 88,000 perfons annually in this Empire, by the exercise of reason, philanthropy, and judicious policy! There is a circumftance of fingu

lar importance noticed in my friend NEILD's letter respecting the prison of Newgate, which is applicable to every place of confinement, in order to prevent the propagation of infection. It is very well known, that a person who has survived an infectious fever, and appears convalescent, and indeed apparently well; may, for a confiderable time, be capable of conveying the same infectious fever to an healthy person; and more certainly if he have not had a change of raiment. It hence becomes a necessary security to the welfare of the publick, that a room should be fet apart for prifoners who have been in the fick ward of any place of confinement, to receive them, till all fufpicion of conveying infection shall have been removed, before they are allowed to mix indiscriminately with the healthy prifoners. It is this circumstance which is judiciously alluded to in the subsequent letter; and it fortunately happens, that we have afcertained a fite in Newgate, that may be made adequate to the object required, as a room of recovery. It is, however, to be lamented, that our recommendation has not hitherto been adopted.

* To promote this beneficial effect, every place of incarceration should be superintended by a medical gentleman. Prifoners in county gaols are usually placed under fuch care; but, by the annexed Resolution of the Magiftrates at Chelmsford, this bene

fit is not extended to debtors.

"ESSEX: At a General Quarter Seffion of the Peace of our Sovereign Lord the King, holden at Chelmsford, in and for the faid County, on Tuesday in the week next after the Tranflation of St. Thomas the Martyr, to wit, the eleventh day of July, in the twenty-fixth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, now King of Great Britain, &c. before Thomas Berney Bramston, esquire, the Right Hon. George Earl Waldegrave, John Bullock, John Sturt, john Henniker, Eliab Harvey, John Yeldham, the younger, Thomas Ruggles, Zachariah Button, James Barwick, Job Mathew, esquires, the Reverend Nicholas Wakeham, doctor in divinity, Thomas Abdy Abdy, Philip Salter, John Bull, Brook Bridges, clerks, and others, their companions, Justices of our Sovereign Lord the King, in the faid County; and alfo, &c.

It being the unanimous Opinion of this Court, that the Order made at the General Quarter Seffions of the Peace, here holden in and for the faid County, on the fifth day of October, in the 30th year of the reign of his late Majesty, King George the Second, appointing a Surgeon and Apothecary to take care of and administer phyfic to the poor prifoners confined in the Gaol and House of Correction at Chelmsford, in and belonging to this County, for the time being, doth not extend to, or comprize therein, any perfons confined in the faid gaol for debt; this Court doth therefore order, that the Clerk of the Peace for the faid County do fignify such their opinion, and construction of the faid Order, in writing, to the keeper of the faid gaol; and that the faid keeper do cause two or more copies thereof to be forthwith printed and fixed up in such parts of the faid gaol as are most convenient for the purpose of notifying the fame.

By the Court.

(Signed)

BULLOCK, Clerk of the Peace."

The

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