students wishing to read for the Degree of B.Sc. in Household and Social Science will be awarded on the results of a competitive examination to be held in May, 1941:

(a) One Scholarship of £80 per annum for three years,

(b) One Scholarship of £40 per annum for three years,

(c) Two Scholarships of £20 per annum for three years.

Full particulars can be obtained on application to the Secretary.

LANCING COLLEGE SCHOLARSHIPS

ENTRANCE Scholarships will be

offered for competition in May. Candidates must be over 12 years of age and under 14 on June 1. (a) Six SCHOLARSHIPS (at least), Classical and Modern, varying from £100 to £50 per annum, according to merit and needs.

(b) Two CHORAL EXHIBITIONS of £30 per annum, open to all boys who can sing and read music.

Candidates will be examined in London, unless further notice is given to the contrary.

For information apply to the HEADMASTER, Lancing College, Shoreham, Sussex.

LOWTHER COLLEGE FOR GIRLS Abergele, North Wales

Chairman:

Sir RONALD MACLEAY, G.C.M.G.

Headmistress :

Miss K. I. SAYERS, M.A. (Cantab)

A SCHOLARSHIP Examination for

Junior, Senior and Music entrance Scholarships will be held on March 3, 4 and 5, 1941. Normal inclusive fees, £144 p.a.; maximum Senior Scholarship, £80 p.a. For full particulars apply to the HEADMISTRESS. Entries close February 18.

MALVERN COLLEGE

NTRANCE Scholarship Examina

ENTI

tion will be held on March 4, 5, 6, 1941.

Up to five Scholarships of £100 and three or more of £50. A number of Exhibitions and Bursarships also will be offered to boys of all-round ability. Candidates may take the Examination at their Preparatory Schools or at Malvern.

For particulars of these and certain Memorial Exhibitions apply to the HEADMASTER, Malvern College, Malvern, Worcs.

Successful candidates will join the School in September.

MALVERN GIRLS' COLLEGE

MAJOR Scholarships will be

awarded on the results of an examination held in March of the value of £60-£100, according to the standard attained by the candidates. Further minor Scholarships and Exhibitions will be awarded, of the nominal value of £10 each. These secondary Scholarships may be augmented to values varying with the financial needs of the parents. All candidates must be under 15 years of age on September 1, following the examination. A limited number of these Scholarships will be awarded to candidates offering Instrumental (string or woodwind) Music (no age limit), and to post-School Certificate candidates of outstanding merit (no age limit.)

For further particulars apply to the HEADMISTRESS, Miss I. M. BROOKS, M.A. (Cantab.).

SEDBERGH SCHOOL

HE Examination for Ten Entrance

THE

Scholarships and Exhibitions, of the annual value of £100 to £40, will be held in May or June, in London and Sedbergh. Candidates must be under 14 years of age on January 1.

For further information apply to the HEADMASTER, Sedbergh School, Yorkshire.

SHREWSBURY SCHOOL

THE Scholarship

Examination,

1941, will be held at Shrewsbury on May 27, 28, and 29. It is possible, if circumstances later suggest, that a preliminary examination will be given in the previous week at Candidates' own schools, only selected Boys being then summoned to Shrewsbury for a shorter final examination.

Eleven Scholarships and Exhibitions are offered, including two of £100, two of £80, one of £60, an Arthur Bailey Scholarship of £60 (for the son of an Officer in the O.B.L.I., or, in default, of a Regular Officer), the T.E. Pickering Scholarship of £35; two to four Exhibitions of £40 or £30 (according to merit); an Exhibition for Music of £30. In special cases financial assistance somewhat above the titular value may be given. Candidates to be under 14 on April 1, 1941. Full information on application to

the BURSAR.

STOWE

EN Scholarships and four Bur

TEN

saries are offered every summer to boys under 14 on May 1. Examination, 1941: June 4-6. Particulars from the HEADMASTER, Stowe School, Buckingham.

THE LEYS SCHOOL, CAMBRIDGE

Temporarily removed to

THE ATHOLL PALACE HOTEL, PITLOCHRY, PERTHSHIRE

HREE or four Open Foundation Scholarships of £100 a year, and six other Scholarships and Exhibitions of between £25 and £75 a year will be awarded in June, 1941, if suitable candidates of sufficient merit present themselves. Candidates must be under 14 on January 1, 1941. A large choice of subjects in the Final Examination is available, including Science, German, and Music. Scholarships and Exhibitions may in certain cases be increased by such an amount as the circumstances of the Scholar may require. Full particulars may be obtained from the HEADMASTER.

The School premises in Cambridge having been taken over for hospital purposes, the School has removed for the duration of the war to the Atholl Palace Hotel, Pitlochry, Perthshire.

The Churches'

Lead.

Moderator of the Free Church Federal Council, setting out the basic principles of a new world order. The letter expresses agreement with the Pope's 'five peace points first issued a year ago, and supplements them with five further points, which stress the individual and the family, rather than nations and their rulers. Among these additional points we note in particular that in the considered judgment of the signatories "every child, regardless of race or class, should have equal opportunities of education, suitable for the development of his peculiar capacities". In the past the Churches have done great things for education, but usually with strict regard to the distinction between 'the masses' and' the classes'. Here, however, if words mean anything, we have a clean breakaway from the idea of an educational system founded upon differences of class instead of differences of natural ability. To begin to put this idea into practice we need not wait till the end of the war.

THE

`HE same point is emphasized by Dr. L. P. Jacks in a letter to The Times of December 30. There are, he says, modes of peace-building that contribute to warwinning. These should not be postAction Now as poned till "after the war" but set on Aid to Victory. foot as aids to victory (italics ours) while the war is in progress. The most desirable form victory could take is that of victory for a new and better world order, and not merely that of victory of one nation over another. The first it can hardly be if, when the war ends, the new order is still a project in the air, the germ of it unplanted and nothing done to make it a reality. "Hitler ", adds Dr. Jacks, seems to be aware of this. His version of a new order a peace of death and

like to see this principle applied to the particular case of our educational system.

Religious Education: The Churches' Point of View.

WE heartily welcome the statement on Christian Education which has just been issued over the signatures of the three Archbishops, with the full agreement of the leaders of the Free Churches. Its main recommendations are (1) that in all schools a Christian education should be given to all scholars, subject to the conscience clause, by teachers able and willing to give it; (2) that religious knowledge should be an optional subject' in the School Certificate and not merely an additional option', and that local education authorities should develop post-graduate courses in this subject and encourage teachers to attend them; (3) that it should be possible to give this teaching at any period within school hours so that a duly qualified teacher may take several classes at different periods; (4) that the subject should be open to inspection by H.M. inspectors or other duly authorized persons; (5) that in all schools the day should begin with an act of worship on the part of the whole school. All these proposals have already been advocated in The Journal. The Times in its leading article of February 13 supports the statement and urges immediate action. The public mind will become apathetic again if action be too long delayed and each year a further batch of semi-pagan children passes from school life into citizenship." We have already expressed our regret at the failure on the part of The Times to acknowledge the strenuous and successful efforts of local education authorities and teachers to improve religious instruction in the schools. In contrast, the Archbishops "most gladly bear witness to the admirable Christian teaching often given by teachers in provided schools".

Germany and elsewhere. Fas est et ab hoste doceri-by

creating without delay the nucleus of a better order than his and using it as an aid to defeating him ". We should

London Rotary Club, began by saying that educational topics were too often the happy hunting ground of well-meaning, woolly highbrows who behaved, to

Mr. Ramsbotham and the Rotarians.

parody Matthew Arnold's description of Shelley, like "intellectual angels bleating in the void voluminous things in vain". Education, he said, is a subject which tempts many speakers and writers to take refuge in impalpable essences, and sometimes produces from the emotionally minded a welter of moral platitudes and eloquent elevating exhortations. He then went on to remark that but for the war the leaving age would have been raised to 15, and he would have been looking forward to restoring the Fisher Act and providing day continuation classes for all boys and girls between 15 and 18. Both these measures would have set the stage for further advance. Nevertheless they were doing constructive work, and were making good progress on a voluntary basis in providing for the needs of boys and girls between 14 and 20. Local youth committees had been set up by 141 out of 146 of the higher education authorities, and the voluntary associations, such as boy scouts and the Y.M.C.A., had been enabled to form many new clubs. But 70 per cent of the young people were not members of these voluntary bodies, and they were attempting to provide for these by forming Youth Service Corps. He did not intend to satisfy those who asked for compulsion and the appointment of a superfunctionary called a Commissioner for Youth, nor would he promise that there would be a march past the president, himself attired in gown and mortar-board and the boys and girls with pens at the slope and blackboards flying. Less spectacular methods would give better results. The address showed that the president, while enlivening his remarks with humour, is very much in earnest in the task to which he has set his hand.

MR

R. RAMSBOTHAM also took part in a broadcast to schools from a B.B.C. studio, and The Teachers' World gives an interesting account of the event. A refugee boy from Nazi Germany The President's named Hans, who is supposed to be Broadcast. living in England with a retired schoolmaster, carries on a conversation with the president. In the course of this it is made clear that in Germany Hans did not ask so many questions as he does here. He was told that this was so, or that was not so, or that the Fuehrer had said it, whereas now he was told to ask Miss Jones or to look in the encyclopaedia or to go to the public library. The president admitted that when he was a boy things were different, and that Hans "would have stood a good chance of being told to shut up" for asking questions, and this led on to a discussion of the rights of teachers and their relations with the Government. Hans hears more about the freedom of children to ask questions and to read what books they like, and finally suggests that to allow them to go to work at 14 is to leave them too free. The president replies by outlining his post-war programme—raising the leaving age to 15 or beyond, getting young people released from their work for a definite period each week to continue their education, and so forth. He hopes that Hans will some day return to Germany and, when he is grown up, do his best to see that German teachers and pupils will always

be free to teach and learn and read what they think right, and to ask what questions they want to ask. As our contemporary says, Mr. Ramsbotham's obvious enjoyment of the experience and the competent way in which he "played up" are greatly to his credit.

R. CHUTER EDE had several encouraging things to say in speeches he made during a northern tour. There were 4,609,000 elementary school children in the country, and, in spite of evacuaMr. Ede's tion and the heavy bombing of certain Speeches. areas, about 93 per cent of them had enrolled for full-time instruction; 190,000 were getting half-time instruction, 8,000 less than half-time, and 15,000 were receiving home tuition. Of the 413,000 secondary school children, 402,000 were getting full-time instruction, 7,500 part-time, 2,500 less than half-time, and 551 home tuition. For the fortnight ending December 6, 103 out of 317 local authorities reported no loss of time due to raid warnings, and 136 others reported losses of approximately 10 minutes a day. The highest percentage of time lost was 15. On another occasion Mr. Ede said that hitherto English education had been too much stratified into social grades and had at an early age segregated youths, giving them a narrow class outlook. The Board intended to further the Prime Minister's policy of "establishing a state of society where the advantages and privileges which hitherto have been enjoyed only by the few shall be far more widely shared by the men and youth of the nation as a whole ". Opportunities for the appropriate development of as many aptitudes as possible should be afforded in the same school. Where population made the provision of a common school impossible, all forms of education for the same age range must be given equal social and educational status. The general effect of these speeches is to encourage those who hope that adequate steps are to be taken to make our educational system both more democratic and more efficient.

Educational Reconstruction.

SIR CYRIL NORWOOD has contributed an interesting article to The Fortnightly on educational reconstruction. What we want, he says, is not merely a longer school life, but greater variety. He suggests that children, completing their course of elementary education at II plus, should pass into the central, the secondary, or the technical high school, and remain there until 16 plus, or, in the secondary school, until 18 plus. The curriculum during the first two years should be the same for all, with special stress upon English subjects. At 13 plus there should be a fresh sorting out based on school record and examination results. There should be continued education for all until 18 plus, then there should come, as in Germany, six months' national service in the armed forces or on the land. He rejects the suggestion that the State should take over the boarding schools which are in financial difficulty and fill them with elementary and secondary school pupils. This, as he says, would leave the surviving schools outside the national system and "in an isolation still more invidious". He thinks that the public schools should open their doors to a number of