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If You Were American ", with scripts prepared by Nora Waln, the distinguished American writer. The special provision for Welsh and Scottish schools will be continued with broadcasts in Welsh on Mondays at 11.20 a.m. and a series for Scottish schools on Fridays at 11.25 a.m., which will include broadcasts on Scottish literature, folk-lore, history and music, as well as the customary speech-training. Teachers may obtain a copy of the Programme of Broadcasts to Schools on application to the Secretary, Central Council for School Broadcasting, Bedford College for Women, Regent's Park, London, Ñ.W. 1.

A Great Broadcasting Enterprise. Our own B.B.C. serves the interests of education within our own borders, and does very useful work for many schools and many individuals. This remark applies to a large proportion of other items than those specifically meant for schools. For similar work on the grand scale we have to cross the Atlantic. The quarterly digest of the C.B.S. (Columbia Broadcasting System) gives an account, in an article entitled "Radio

School of the Americas," of a movement designed to cover the whole western hemisphere. We learn that "the first international conference of the new School of the Air of the Americas was held by C.B.S., in co-operation with the Pan-American Union and the National Education Association of the United States, on February 27 and 28, and March 1, 1941 ". The conference " brought together about four thousand leaders in education, radio, and government, to witness the newest developments in educational, musical and news broadcasting". Participating in the sessions were the American Museums of Natural History, the Museum of Modern Art, and the Institute of International Education. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace made possible the attendance of delegates of many of the twenty-two American nations that are included in the operations of the School of the Air of the Americas. The impressive addresses which were delivered encourage the hope that this great enterprise will bring incalculable benefits, not only to the New World, but in turn to the Old World as well.

ASSOCIATION OF EDUCATION COMMITTEES

PERHAPS the most significant of the resolutions passed

at the annual general meeting of the Association of Education Committees was that on religious education. While affirming its desire that the religious teaching now universally given in the public elementary schools should be efficient, and welcoming all reasonable constructive proposals to that end, the Association also reaffirmed its policy of resistance to the introduction of denominational teaching in provided schools or any right of entry into council schools by representatives of denominational bodies. Mr. T. A. Warren, in moving the resolution, said it proclaimed above all things that the Association was resolved upon Christian teaching in its schools. There was not the remotest suggestion that the teachers had failed, or any recognition of the bigots who attacked the system of the Council School -people who were the worst enemies of the cause they sought to serve. They insulted the Council school teachers to whom the precept of Christian ideology was the outstanding influence of their lives' work. He did not like inspection by religious inspectors. Human beings were doing the teaching, but only God could inspect the spirit. There were dangers in the suggestion that such teaching should be undertaken only by those willing and competent to perform it, for it meant that some one would have to test that willingness and competence; and it was impossible to test Spirit. Christian thought must change with the changing times. Many of them believed that only a new order founded on the Sermon on the Mount could deliver mankind from the social, industrial amd political evils that beset us. Professor Joseph Jones, in seconding, pointed out that "religious” and not "Christian" was the word used in the resolution. The real issue was how was it all to be implemented. Why did the Government not institute an inquiry by Royal Commission or Departmental Committee into the whole subject? Canon E. F. Braley insisted on the right of the child not to be cluttered up with the denominational differences of his elders. All the essentials of the Christian faith for children could be presented within the bounds of the Cowper-Temple clause. The debate shows a healthy reaction against unfounded allegations and undue clerical claims.

Aspect of the Youth Movement." The efficiency, detailed organization and discipline of the German Youth Movement had aroused much interest in this country since its development from 1933 onwards, had even aroused some desire to imitate many of its methods. But there was also much doubt. Our social and political ideals were alien to a mass movement which organized not only the physical energies but also the mental activity of its members on a predetermined pattern. "England has been the pioneer in voluntary movements ", said Professor Smith, “and holds them in well-deserved regard. The very mention of a national youth movement is suspect in some quarters, and we have seen criticism and antagonism centring round the new proposals. Some of the voluntary organizations seem to fear absorption or supersession."

With the growth of provision for the youth movement many changes in the national system of education were promised; these included an extension of the school-leaving age and a provision of part-time day continuation schools which would cover the period to 18. These developments would profoundly affect the voluntary organizations. There might be less time for participation in these organizations, as had happened in the case of secondary schools. But the schools were changing. Education must everywhere take account of the social background. School was a social agency in a way never contemplated in the nineteenth century, in medical care, the provision of meals, association with national efforts, and vocational guidance; as the age range extended, the school, more and more concerned with cultural, recreational, and social activities, must come into closer contact with the voluntary bodies that had been trying to meet the need.

Educationally the youth movement must be based on the nature of young people. No single pattern, 'no isolated specialisms, no exclusive bias would do. The outlines of the physical, intellectual, emotional, social or idealistic stirrings of youth were well known; as we interpreted the psychology text-books in terms of our own remembered youth we were tempted to stress this or that, but we must be wise enough to realize the increasing individual differences. The new powers of the body, the new curiosity, the new emotions, the new dreams of a finer world—these forces were so wide that they permitted of an unlimited number of individual patterns, and the teacher, the leader, must impose less and less as the shaping life undertook more and That was why leadership was so difficult.

more.

"I hope," concluded Professor Smith, that the great voluntary organizations will continue to play their part in the new developments. In them is one of the safeguards of variety and experiment. I hope that state grants will

help them to be efficiently equipped in the material requirements of their work and leave them their autonomy; I hope that membership of a voluntary organization will be regarded as discharging a part of the obligations of compulsion; I hope that the voluntary organizations will, as partners in a large scheme, feel their own vigour reinforced."

Dr. G. Prince, Assistant School Medical Officer, Leeds, discussing "Co-operation between the School Medical Officer and the Gymnastic Teacher ", stressed the necessity for consultation between the two in matters of health education and hygiene. She commented on the desirability of careful classification of children for physical education; the provision of modified syllabuses for those with physical disabilities; and recommended an extension of the practice of remedial gymnastics in schools. She expressed a wish to see a Medical Chair in Physical Education established at one of the universities, with post-graduate courses and diplomas for medical men and women undertaking the supervision of physical education. There were certain misconceptions still prevalent in medical circles as to the aims and objects of modern gymnastics; these lingering prejudices should be removed.

Dr. Burbury, Medical Director, Manchester Child Guidance Clinic, spoke on "Interactions of Mind and Body ". She traced the development of the child through stages of physical and emotional awareness, giving interesting instances of the inevitability of interdependence of mind and body. Physical development could never be an end in itself. The Nazi Youth Movement was bound to be a failure because it made this error; there was a danger that the present craze for "Keep Fit" had the same tendency. Practical classes in Dancing, Gymnastics, and Organized Games were taken by experts at the course which was attended by over one hundred teachers of gymnastics in the north-east. The course is one of a series arranged by the Ling Physical Education Association, in Liverpool, Leeds, London, Birmingham, and other parts of the country. BRONWEN LLOYD-WILLIAMS.

THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF YOUNG
FARMERS' CLUBS

THE General Clubs was held at the Royal

HE Annual General Meeting of the National Federation

Empire Society on Friday, July 4, 1941. The Duke of Norfolk, President of the Federation, was in the chair.

Before the meeting, the presentation of the Young Farmers' Clubs X-ray Mobile Unit to the Red Cross and St. John took place in Craven Street. His Grace the Duke of Norfolk made the presentation on behalf of the Young Farmers' Clubs of England and Wales.

The Rt. Hon. R. S. Hudson, M.P. (Minister of Agriculture), congratulated the Federation on having coped so successfully with the problems caused by the war, despite the loss of so many of the agricultural experts who had been helping the movement, in order that they could devote the whole of their time to the increased Food Production Campaign. He believed that some sixty new Clubs had been formed since the war began.

"One of the finest contributions that this country has made to the cause of world brotherhood is the Boy Scout movement. It was one of the great ideas of our time. The Young Farmers' Clubs seem to be another idea with the same kind of possibilities. Just as there is all over the world a youthful brotherhood of enterprise and idealism and love of adventure, so there are young people in every country growing up on the land with a common understanding of the problems and privileges of country life. What a farmer says when he sees a wonderful crop ruined is pretty much the same in any language.

'It may seem absurd to talk about brotherhood on a day like this, but people who work on the land take a long view. Whatever happens there will always be land and there will always be youth. In fact, I think that the young

farmers to-day have a wonderful opportunity. They have thousands and thousands of young people living in the country-for the first time-young people who are beginning to understand that there is such a thing as a standard of happiness as well as a standard of living. But they want help. They want to learn and understand-and there's no one in a better position to help than the Young Farmers' Clubs.

"Your organization was founded just after the last war. It was inspired by famous words of a great President of the United States-it stands for Government of the young, by the young, for the young', and I hope you will tell the young people of this country much more about your clubs and how they can join up and start learning with you. I particularly hope that you will let every one know about the little books you publish. I'd like to say a special word of congratulation to the people responsible for these. They are first-class-and very cheap. They only cost a few pence and they are model instruction books. I also think you ought to persuade every teacher to read the booklet that you have published especially for teachers. Between you and me it would be most helpful if you got out a specially simple one for Ministers of Agriculture. You have mastered the art of explanation so well.

"Big things are happening on the land to-day. The rising generation of farmers are helping to bring these about. Much of their success is due to the foundations laid by the Young Farmers' Clubs. A few days ago I was standing in the Welsh mountains on a place where a thousand acres of common land had been ploughed up, cultivated and planted with potatoes in five weeks by young people armed with monster tractors and blazing with enthusiasm. That kind of thing is happening all over the country.

"The land is our one possession that has survived every war since the dawn of our history. It is certain to come out of this war better equipped, better planned and much more appreciated than ever before. So, although our hands are very full just now with our national responsibilities, I would like to take this opportunity to assure you that we appreciate and admire the work that you have done and are doing. Think and plan now for the part that you may play in the future. We are counting on you to help us to make the most of the great opportunity that is coming to build a new and happier Britain on the sound foundation of a well-balanced agriculture run by men of skill, knowledge and patriotism."

Miss Dorothy Carson (Bakewell Young Farmers' Club, Derbyshire) moved a vote of thanks to the Minister, and Mr. Hywel Evans (Blaenporth Young Farmers' Clubs, Cardiganshire) seconded.

Board of Education Circulars and Memoranda.

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Circular 1556 is entitled Rationing of Cloth, Clothing, Footwear and Knitting Wool". The Board of Trade have agreed to make some exceptions to schools in regard to the Consumer Rationing (No. 2) Order, 1941. Certain clothing and footwear will be supplied without requiring the surrender of coupons to schools maintained by local education authorities. A limited supply of coupons are at the disposal of the Board of Education for schools not conducted by local education authorities and also for youth service and similar organizations. An appendix to the Circular contains suggestions for teachers of needlework and dressmaking.

Circular 1559, School Medical, Dental and Nursing Services", refers to Ministry of Health Circular 2323 dealing with the release of medical staff for service with H.M. Forces. Local education authorities are again asked to consider in co-operation with the principal Regional Medical Officer of the area the release of members of Public Health staffs, and suggestions are made for effecting the maximum economy in man-power.

Administrative Memorandum No. 302 refers to the changes in the allowances of cheese and butter to school canteens. Administrative Memorandum No. 303 gives more definite

guidance on the provision for emergency cooking in school

canteens.

Administrative Memorandum No. 304 is on the subject of attendance at public elementary schools. It states that the date on which the last return was taken, namely, December 6, 1940, proved to be one on which exceptionally bad weather conditions prevailed, and that the figures then collected did not present a fair picture of the extent to which local education authorities have been able to maintain regularity of attendance at school in present war conditions. Board of Education have, therefore, arranged for another return to be made, showing attendance during July, 1941. Administrative Memorandum No. 306 refers to changes in the allowances to teachers undertaking courses of industrial training.

The

Administrative Memorandum No. 307 announces the allocation of grants and loans by the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust for the assistance of local voluntary organizations during the year 1941-42 for the provision of equipment for post-school activities.

Freedom from Examinations.

Speaking at a meeting of the Sheffield Teachers' Association, Mr. Ramsbotham referred to the great strides which had been made in striking off the fetters of examinations from both the Junior and Senior Schools of the city. The Junior Schools were feeling the benefit of the removal of the cramping effect of the Junior Scholarship Examination, and the senior schools were twice blest, for the children could now come to them with their freshness and enthusiasm unquenched, and were not faced at the end of their course with the depressing anxiety of the leaving examination.

The School Certificate Examination furnished them with quite enough problems as it was, and thank goodness they had not saddled their senior schools with similar perplexities. Examinations were, he supposed, necessary evils, for in too many instances they resulted in young people being taught to remember rather than to think. The senior schools had the great advantage of being free from examinations, and so had much greater liberty to develop on individual lines and to work out courses which would give various types of pupils fuller opportunity to follow their own bent. As Dr. Alexander had written, "The approach will be to find ways and means by which we can fit the school system to the needs of the children in it and for whom it was created, rather than to find the ways and means of making the children fit into the school system."

Juvenile Offences.-A Circular bearing this title, issued by the Home Office and the Board of Education, calls attention to the war-time increase in the numbers of juvenile offenders and stresses the need for prompt action in every area where the evidence of delinquency has given rise to anxiety. For the first twelve months of the war, as compared with the previous twelve months, there has been an increase of about 41 per cent in the number of children under 14 found guilty of indictable offences and an increase of about 22 per cent in the age group 14-17. One of the main causes of this, it is suggested, is the breaking up of home life for the younger children; many mothers are doing war work; evacuation and the closing of schools have also been contributory reasons. The circular emphasizes the importance of preventive measures, including more, and more varied, social and recreative facilities. The courts and the local education authority should consider how provision for wholesome and healthy leisure activities can be made more adequate. A piquant paragraph on the treatment of young offenders calls attention to the need for younger men and women to serve as justices on juvenile court panels. In 1938 only about 12 per cent were under 50, about 37 per cent were in the age group 60-69, and large numbers in the age-group 70-79 and over. The position has not improved and many panels are comprised almost entirely of elderly justices. The tendency of some courts

to resort to birching is deprecated and the value of the probation system is stressed. (H.M. Stationery Office, 3d. net.)

National Wholemeal Bread. The desirability of using national wholemeal. bread and flour in all school feeding centres is emphasized in a memorandum issued by the Scottish Education Department. It is pointed out that not only are wholemeal bread and flour better for the health of the children but also their consumption aids the war effort, since a greater part of the grain is used for flour and less for offals than when white flour is milled. It is suggested that, while children are becoming accustomed to it, not less than half the supply should consist of national wholemeal bread, and as soon as possible the use of white bread should be discontinued. Authorities having difficulty in obtaining a sufficient supply of national wholemeal bread or flour are asked to report the matter to the Divisional Food Officer.

Cost of A.R.P. in Scottish Schools.-Expenditure on A.R.P. in schools, school feeding centres and other emergency services has resulted in an increase of £304,803 in the amount of the General Aid Grant payable to the Education (Scotland) Fund.

Evacuation-Work in Reception Areas.-The London County Council make another appeal for women prepared to volunteer for work of national importance and willing to do full-time work wherever needed. They are wanted for evacuation work in the reception area in the following capacities:

(1) Helpers to deal with problems of various kinds in connexion with the clothing of school children, their outof-school activities and their billets, to help in communal feeding centres or in social centres for women, or to assist billeting authorities in other ways. These helpers may be paid up to 19s. a week in addition to receiving free board and lodging.

(2) Helpers, cooks and domestic workers in hostels.-Most of the hostels cater for children who for some reason are difficult to billet in private households. Others accommodate old people. Hostel work is exacting and helpers should be strong, active, and cheerful. They receive free board and lodging and are paid by the local authority responsible for the hostel.

(3) Women and girls over 16 for country houses, where special parties' of children under 5 are being cared for. These residential nurseries or nursery schools are under the direct management of the London County Council, which offer appropriate rates of pay with board and lodging in

certain cases.

(4) Trained or experienced social workers, especially those who have had experience in London, and people qualified to superintend hostels for children, mothers and children, or old people. Salaries for these posts vary according to the scope of the work and the qualifications of the person appointed.

P.E.P.-A recent Planning broadsheet issued by P.E.P. deals with "Health in War-time ". Death-dealing techniques have advanced immensely since 1914. There has occurred a parallel, hardly less startling, improvement in the state of Britain's health, in our material equipment, scientific knowledge, and techniques of life preservation. The expectation of life has been increased; children are taller and heavier for their ages; remarkable advances in food consumption per head have occurred, though suboptional nutrition is still widespread; maternity and child welfare services have been established; and there have been great advances in medical knowledge.

Reference is made to the increase in tuberculosis during the last war, to the great influenza epidemic when the influenza death rate rose from 213 in 1917 to 3,129 per

million in 1918, and to the fact that for the greater part of the war munition workers at least were worked beyond optimum capacity, with consequences to their health which are reflected in war-time sickness and mortality statistics.

In the present war, as in the last, the two major health problems are how to ensure adequate nutrition and how to combat fatigue. The nutrition situation is still much better than in 1917-18. The problem of fatigue is probably more serious, because of aerial warfare. The average adult has probably lost one hour's sleep a night, his sleep in bombed areas is less satisfying than in peace-time, and hundreds of thousands miss most of their sleep on a number of nights each month, because of Home Guard, fire-watching, or other civil defence duties. The situation requires an all-round improvement and adaptation of our health services-a difficult task under present conditions. These problems will be discussed in several future issues of Planning.

"

A further broadsheet, concerned with America and Britain", summarizes the surprising and highly encouraging convergence of developments in the United States and the United Kingdom. The real and decisive co-operation now coming into being has many aspects. Examples are: the setting up of the Joint Canadian-American Defence Board; the exchange of British bases in the Caribbean and the Atlantic for American destroyers; the British credit of £10,000,000 and the United States loan of $100,000,000 to China; the responsibility assumed by the United States Government for the defence of Greenland; the patrolling of a large belt of the Atlantic by American ships and planes; and the various steps taken since the proclamation of an Unlimited National Emergency.

The implications of the Lease-Lend Act are examined. They imply in the long run nothing less than the acceptance of United States patterns, adapted in many cases from Allied types or in the light of Allied experience, as the basis of the army and air force equipment of all the forces using American supplies. Thus, for example, when an aeroplane comes into service it will be equally usable by British and Americans.

Other points made are in both countries an increasing proportion of the national economic resources is being

devoted to war effort; trade unionists now fill important government positions both in the United States and in Britain, and the dislike of American business men towards trade unions is being to some extent overcome; it is to be desired that careful rationing according to a comprehensive system of priorities should obviate bottlenecks, and the establishment of a common research organization might do much to this end, as well as checking the influence of vested interests; in both countries equality of opportunity in education is held to be a vital element in democracy. Most important of all is the twin rebirth of democracy which is now taking place under the challenge of Fascism and under the guidance of two great statesmen with a common objective.

Finally, we must briefly notice a highly interesting and important broadsheet entitled "The Future of Germany ". Here an attempt is made to analyse salient features in the current German situation and from these to suggest the more probable lines of future development. Both immediate and long-term policies are discussed. Among the points made are: Germans must once for all be deprived of the remotest possibility of again attacking the liberties and lands of their neighbours; no violent revolutionary movement is to be looked for within Germany either before or even after a military defeat, though the chances are strongly in favour of growing spontaneous resistance movements in occupied territories; it seems highly probable that victory must be followed by a temporary Allied assumption of governmental powers in Germany; efforts must be made to resolve the dilemma that, while the German people can never again be trusted not to abuse their strength by trying to trample on weaker neighbours, any settlement which refuses such trust contains the seeds of another war.

This summary does bare justice to a pamphlet which all should read.

Domestic Rabbit Clubs.-To encourage the production of rabbit meat in war-time, the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, working through the Domestic Poultry Keepers' Council in England and Wales and the Gardens and Allotments Committee in Scotland, is encouraging the formation of domestic rabbit clubs. A ration of bran will now be allowed to domestic producers, comprising persons with four does or fewer, who belong to such clubs. Applications to participate in the scheme from secretaries of existing rabbit clubs, or from persons desiring to form such clubs in England and Wales, should be made to the Ministry of Agriculture, 55 Whitehall, S.W. 1, and in Scotland to the Secretary, Scottish Gardens and Allotments Committee, St. Andrew's House, Edinburgh. The Secretary of the National Federation of Young Farmers' Clubs (Oaklings, Canons Close, Radlett, Herts.) will be glad to help in the foundation of such clubs.

Teachers for War-time Nurseries.-The Board of Education are arranging for one or more short courses of training of about a fortnight's duration during August and September to enable teachers wishing to undertake work in war-time nurseries for children of 2 to 5 years to gain some knowledge of nursery school methods, or to refresh their knowledge if they have already had some experience with young children. The courses will be open not only to teachers recognized by the Board but also to those who have served in private schools, preparatory schools or kindergartens. Recognized serving teachers should make application to their local education authority. Other teachers interested in these courses and desiring to attend them should apply to The Secretary, Board of Education, Branksome Dene Hotel, Bournemouth, giving their name, age, experience, and qualifications (if any) and present occupation. The precise dates for the first course and the name of the training college at which it will be given will be announced shortly. There will be no fee charged for attending the course and the charges for board and lodging travelling expenses will be granted by the Board. will be as reasonable as possible. Assistance towards

Courses on American History.-In our July number we announced the courses on American history which the Board of Education are arranging for teachers. The first course, which was opened by the American Ambassador, Mr. John G. Winant, was held during July in London; and was attended by 275 teachers. A similar course is to be held at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, on August 11-15. This course will be opened by the President of the Board, and will be attended by 163 teachers. Speakers include Professor Arthur Newell, Mr. R. Birley, Sir Frederick Whyte, Major Dwight Whitney, and Dr. Frank Darvall.

School Milk Stopped.—Mr. Eddie Williams, Chairman of the Children's Nutrition Council (Wales) writes to point out that milkmen have stopped delivering milk under the Milk-in-School Scheme. They find it does not pay. The margin of profit was based on the regional wholesale price, for April Is. 11d. per gallon. But, owing to local supplies being insufficient, milkmen had to get their milk from large dairies at a distance. This costs 2s. 1d. per gallon. Thus profit is reduced from 8d. to 51d. per gallon, out of which many expenses (bottles, delivery, labour for sterilizing, &c.) have to be provided. Mr. Williams criticizes the Board of Education for not implementing the announcement that the 8d. was to be increased to 10d. "The milkmen must have a square deal or the children of the nation are going to suffer."

Bell Professorship of Education. Mr. Andrew F. Skinner, M.A., B.Sc., Ph.D., has been appointed to succeed Professor W. W. McClelland in the associated posts of Bell Professor of Education in the University of St. Andrews and Director of Studies of the St. Andrews and Dundee Training Centre.

Animals' Welfare Week, 1941.-In spite of the war time difficulties, Animals' Welfare Week was observed this year for the twenty-second time and activities were initiated by a letter sent to educational authorities in the country with the following result: In reply to this letter 50 answered favourably, 46 allowing literature (leaflets, &c.) to be sent to the schools in their districts, and 4 announced the Week to their head teachers. Thus, 39,755 leaflets and 734 posters were sent to 4,174 schools or departments. Other schools also applied and the resultant totals are 60,272 leaflets and pamphlets and magazines, and 784 posters sent to 5,467 schools. The usual essay and posters competitions were held and the entries are now being judged. Speakers were sent to a number of schools and 16 mm. films were sent on loan. The National Council for Animals' Welfare is responsible for the arrangements of the Week, which usually takes place during the first week in May, and would be glad to furnish any further particulars or to send appropriate literature, lend 16 mm. silent films, or arrange for speakers at any time. Their present address is 32 Queen's Avenue, London, N. 10.

London County Council.-The Education Committee have considered the question of school holidays in elementary and secondary schools, both in the reception area and in London. As regards the reception area, they propose to continue the present policy of asking local directors of education to arrange holidays for London schools on the same basis as for local schools. As regards London, they think it undesirable to close schools for long periods in present conditions, but there is no doubt that both teachers and children in London are working under great strain. They are of opinion that the situation would best be met by the grant of shorter holidays at more frequent intervals, and therefore propose that elementary and secondary schools shall have a total annual holiday of 7 weeks and 4 days spread over the year as follows: Whitsun, 1 week and 1 day; Summer, 2 weeks and 1 day; Autumn halfterm, 1 week and 1 day; Christmas, 1 week and 1 day; Spring half-term, 2 days; Easter, 1 week and 3 days.

The Committee has also considered the various problems of the provision of school meals for children in London during war-time in the light of recent circulars issued by the Board of Education. They recommend that the arrangements for the feeding of school children formerly undertaken by the school meals service be undertaken by the Londoners' Meals Service. It is also proposed to provide cheaper meals in secondary and technical schools.

Durham University Journal. We have received the issues of this Journal for March and for June, each containing a supplement of University of Durham notes. The articles are academic, occasionally learned, in character, preference being given to local writers and subjects. F. G. Simpson and I. A. Richmond contribute to the March number an article on Hadrian's Wall in Cumberland, recording recent excavation work; and F. A. Paneth on 'Thomas Wright of Durham and Immanuel Kant". To the June issue, W. B. Edwards contributes an article on local "Recent Developments in Architecture," with illustrations.

Whitelands College, Putney.-Evacuation address for the duration of the war: Whitelands College, at The College of the Venerable Bede, Durham. Communications for the Principal should be sent to this address, but all general and financial correspondence should be addressed to The Secretary, Forest Lodge, 95 West Hill, Putney, London, S.W. 15.

National Baby Week Council. To help to solve some of the difficulties caused by evacuation, the National Baby Welfare Council have issued a leaflet entitled To Hosts and Guests. The key words of the advice given are Give and Take, and both hosts and guests are told something of the problems, which each side has to face, and how these may be overcome. Supplies of the pamphlet may be obtained on application to the Council, 29 Gordon Square, London, W.C. 1, at 2s. per hundred copies.

Schoolboys Reclaiming Derelict Farms. Sixty boys from Aldenham School are helping London Transport to reclaim and plant two derelict farms at Brockley Hill and Little Bushey Lane, Elstree.

The Green Light. The recent heavy increase in the number of children killed on the roads proves the need for more intensive and effective safety instruction. Schools will therefore welcome the second number of The Green Light, a coloured publication resembling a children's "comic " produced by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. The coloured pictures on the front cover give glimpses of our forces on the sea, on land, and in the air-the "safety devices" of history. On the back cover the illustrations depict the "safety devices of ordinary life. Inside are more illustrations, short stories, poems and puzzles, all of which will appeal to the young reader.