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one hundred, which is, that the gad, or chad, being the deg reversed, after the units in the Irish names, for forty, fifty, fixty, &c. is the root of the Greek dekas, and the Latin decas, by which word they both mean the fum of ten, and fo do the Irish; which feems to prove, that the Welsh altered their mode in very modern times; for it is most certain, these had both the same original manner of naming their numbers, as they had undoubtedly the very fame language at the beginning.

THE Irish name for the number one hundred, is cead, and the Welsh, kant; these were originally the fame, and from this root came the Greek Exalov; the Latin centum; and from this the Italian cinto; the Spanish ciento; and the French cent. The fame must be faid of the number one thousand; the Irish have it mile; the Welsh, mil; the Greek, xxías; which, if the initial was not changed, would be milias; the Latin, mille; Italian, mile; the Spanish, mil; and the French, mille. But, to find the fource of the German hundert, admits of fome difficulty, at first fight; yet, if we confider that the last syllable, ert, is a termination which they have added, in a manner peculiar to themselves, and which has nothing to do with the value of the number, we fhall find, that the hund, or bond,. alone is fufficiently expreffive of its value; for the Saxons have hund without the ert, to fignify that number. fides, the Germans feem fond of the vowel, z, and pronounce it as i; and we need only attend to the mutilation of the original kuing into funff, for five, to be able to difcern the affinity of bund to the original kead, or kant, by only changing the original h to k or ch, and then it will be kund;

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Be

and

and as to the vowel, they might as well have changed the a into u, in this number, as the i, in cuing, five, to u, to make it funff: and, indeed, the Germans pronounce the vowel, u, like an i; as, in speaking lubrikin, they say leibrikin; so that they have always pronounced funff as feinf which might have induced the other Northern nations to fay vif, fife, and the English to adopt five from them. But there is no being acquainted with the Polish and Hungarian names for this number; the former fay fto, and the latter fzaz, for one hundred, which have some relation to each other, but none to the originals, in our chain of names. The German name for one thousand, is tausend, and is the fame in the Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Saxon and English; the Poles have tifiacz, which feems to have fome relation to thefe, if the firft i is changed to u, or au; it would then be tufiacz, or taufiacz; and therefore is likely to have come from the fame origin: but what that origin is, is the question; for taufende, dufende, thoufand, has not the leaft apparent affinity to the ancient

mille.

THE laft names of numbers, which we fhall take notice of, are those of Ruffia; and they, most certainly, have fprung from the fame fource with the other Northern appellations, keeping the closest affinity to thofe of Poland. And, as we have spoken fufficiently of them, we fhall only compare their principal numbers with the Ruffian, to prove their relation to each other, and also what deviations they have made on either fide.

THE Poles fay ieden, dwa, trzi; the Ruffians fay yedna, twa, tree; for one, two, three. The Poles fay czterzi,

piecz, and the Ruffians, shatiry, pet, for four, five. Here we fee, the three firft are the very fame, allowing, as we always muft do, for the different mode of fyllabication adopted by the different nations; and fo are those that follow; for the cxterzi and shatiry, as well as the piecz and pet, are undoubtedly the same words, however varied in writing them; and if the initial of fhatiry was changed to a c, it would then be the original chathoir of the Magogian; and as for the piecz and pet, for five, their affinity to the original pymp, cuing, pente, are fufficiently apparent. Let us, however, proceed with the fucceeding numbers:

FOR fix, feven, eight, nine, ten, the Poles fay, fefez, fieden, ofm, dziewiec, dzeficc; the Ruffians say, cheft, fet, woffim, devit, diffet; here the relation between these two modes of expreffion is very manifeft, as well as their having fprung from the ancient Gomerian or Magogian names; and, indeed, it is wonderful to find they are not fo mutilated, as to have lost all apparent affinity to their original parents, after so many ages. fo But the agreement will still be more clear, by comparing their addition of the units to the tens for the Poles, adding the one to ten, fay ieden nafcie, which latter, as I have faid before, would be dafcie, but for the change of the initial; and the Ruffians fay, udinazet, the very fame, with very little difference; and fo of the dwanafcie, twanazet; trzinascie, treenazet; and thus they go on, preferving their affinity to the end of the numbers; the least change of letters makes them deviate ; but by altering fuch changes, it is very easy to bring them back, and reconcile them. The expreffion for eighteen, in

the

the Polish, is ofm nafcie; and, in the Ruffian, woffim nazet, which exactly agree; if the w be taken away, then it would be offim, fprung originally from the Magogian ocht. When they come to express the number twenty, the Poles fay dwadfefcia, altering the name of the ten, nafcie, in the preceding numbers, to fiefcia, or ziefczi; and the Ruffians, too, alter their nazet into xit and diffet, when they come to multiply the tens, and exprefs the number twenty, by dwazit; the Poles say trxidziesczi, and the Ruffians, trizit, for thirty, and so on, till they come to one hundred, which, as the Poles do, the Ruffians call flo; but the latter, in expreffing five hundred, make an alteration in the name; for, instead of piecz fto, which one would naturally expect, from confidering the feparate names for five and a hundred, they fay puczfets; but the Ruffians follow their former names, in combining these, and fay pet fto. And, for a thousand, the Russians say diffet fto, ten hundred; whereas the Poles, inftead of dzefziec fto, contract it into tifiacz.

FROM what has been faid throughout this chapter, I hope it will be granted by my readers, that in all these languages, fet forth in the table, the names of the numerals fhew a furprizing affinity to each other; and that they muft all have arifen from the ancient Gomerian, or Mago gian tongue, which was the undoubted language of the fons of Japhet. And as I am willing to exhaust this subject as much as poffible, in order to throw what light I can upon this inquiry, and alfo to add to the entertainment of the curious, in researches of fuch high antiquity, I fhall alfo lay before them the names of the numerals of fome

other

other nations, wherein feveral remarkable paffages will appear, by which we shall be able to trace out the progress of fome of the fame offspring to very remote parts; and further fhew, that there is not the leaft agreement between the names of the numerals of the Hebrews, and some others, with those of the Europeans we have been confidering, although they follow the fame mode of combining their units and tens, in the progrefs of increasing their numbers.

I SHALL, therefore, now produce another table of the names of numbers in several of the Afiatic kingdoms, and make some short obfervations upon them, in the fame manner with the foregoing; and these are the names used in Bengal, Perfia, Turky, the Hebrew, Mallayan and Chinese; which I obtained with much difficulty; and shall add to this, fome account of those of feveral nations of North America.

Remarks on the names of the numerals of the Afiatic nations in the following table.

My reafons for introducing the names of the numbers of any of the Afiatic regions, when I am exprefsly purfuing the origin of the European languages only, are two; first, to shew that two of them are actually derived from the old Scythian, or Magogian names, which are the Bengalian and Perfian: and, fecondly, that the other four, the Turkish, Hebrew, Malays and Chinese, have not the leaft affinity to those originals, nor to one another.

THIS, I think, fufficiently proves what I have before afferted, and given reafons for, and which is the chief oc

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