itial to the name of this number, the affinity to the original cannot be disputed. The Poles have, for this number, dreffiec, and, if we take away the first syllable, and change the ≈ to a d, or t, it will make tiec, or diec, which will be a strong claim to its affinity with the original; and the Hungarians have followed those who have adopted the t for the initial, and fay tiz.

THUS far the names of the unit numbers have been confidered, and their true origin ascertained. The succeeding numbers, from ten to twenty, being only compofed of the units added, in their fucceffion, to ten, appear to go on much the fame way in all; yet there are differences peculiar to fome of the nations, which I fhall take due notice of, in the placing the units either before or after the tens, or in abbreviating the combined numbers. The Irish put the units before the tens all the way to twenty: as, un-deg, do-deg, tri-deg, &c. The Welsh do the fame, but in their own manner; they fay, yn ar deg, one and ten, and fo on, till they come to fifteen, which they call pymtheg, and then say yn ar bymtheg, one and fifteen, for fixteen; daw ar bymtheg, for feventeen ;` `and for eighteen, day naw, two nines; then, for nineteen, they have pedwar ar bymtheg, four and fifteen. The Greeks begin with endeka, one and ten; dodeca, two and ten; triskaideca, three and ten; and then, in the fourteen and fifteen, they put the ten firft; in the fixteen and feventeen, the units firft, and, in the eighteen and nineteen, the ten firft. The Latins follow the Irish exactly, from ten to twenty; so do the Italians, as far as fixteen, and then put the ten before the feven, eight, nine, for feventeen, eighteen,

6

nineteen.

fame

nineteen. The Spaniards and French have the very method of abridging these following numbers; and both fay onze; dofe, Sp. douze, Fr. trez, Sp. treize, Fr. catorze, Sp. quatorze, Fr. quindeci, Sp. quinze, Fr. then they put the ten first, in the remaining four numbers, except the feize, for fixteen, in the French.

FOR the numbers eleven and twelve, the Germans have adopted names differing from all these, and for which I cannot account; and in this they are followed by the Dutch, Swedes, Danes, Saxons and English: the Germans say eilft, zwolf; the Dutch say elf, twaalf; the Swedes, elfwa, ta lf; the Danes, eleve, tolv; the Saxons, endliafa, twelf; and the English, eleven, twelve. The Poles, however, have maintained the manner of the Irish, in placing the units before the tens, as in ieden nefcie for eleven, one and ten: now, if the n, in nafcie, be changed to a d, then it will be dafcie, which has an affinity to deg, and the i and d, from ieden, then the combined number will make een dafcie, like yn deg, which is the root of ieden nafcie. The Hungarian name for eleven can have no other fource, if we do it juftice: they call this number tizen egy now, the ≈ being funk in the first word, it is the tien of the Dutch, for ten, and the egi is the en of most of the Northern nations, which make up the een tien, yn deg. The Poles call twelve, dwa nafcie, or dafcie, two and ten, from the original do deg; and the Hungarian tizen ketto, for the fame number; which makes tien to, if the ≈ be loft, and the first syllable of ketto, ten and two; and both these nations have closely followed the original mode, of the repetition of their ten,with the increasing

units up to twenty, with this difference only: that the Poles place the ten laft, and the Hungarians first.

THE Irish call the number twenty, fighid, and it is found spelt variously, as, fichid, vichid, vighent, fighind; the Welsh fay ygeint, or ugain. These are the fame in both languages, allowing for the difference of dialect, pronunciation and other incidents, often mentioned in the foregoing chapter: and this word has been adopted from them by every nation specified in the table, except the Hungarians; but altered and mutilated confiderably by each. Voffius endeavours to derive the Latin viginti from the Greek xoo, in a manner very much ftrained; he fays it is from the Æolic Beixáo, for exa]; and this Doric sixa, ftands for zool. There is very little reason to concur with him in this derivation; but if we caft an eye upon the fighint, or ygeint, we fhall read viginti, and by the Italians contracted to vinti, by the Spanish veynte, and by the French vint. Even exoσ appears a corruption of those originals. And though the Germans carried their mutilation of this name a great way, yet their zwantzig cafily appears to have sprung from the above original, through the vigenti, veinte, to zwantzig; after which, the other Northern nations, in fucceffion, brought it to the Dutch twintigh; the Swedish tjugu; the Danish tyve; the Saxon twentig, and the English twenty. The Poles, too, come near the matter in their name dwadfiefcio, for dwadefcio, two tens; but the Hungarians have huz for twenty, which has no affinity to any thing before it in the table.

For the number thirty, the Irish fay deig as fichid; and it is also written, by way of contraction, deig ar ichid; and the Welsh fay deg ar hygen, ten and twenty: thefe are apparently the fame language; but the Irish often fay trichid for the fame number; and this is the fource of the Greek τgiáxova, the Latin triginta, the Italian trenta, the Spanish treynta, the French trente, the German dreifig, the Dutch dertigh, the Swedish tretjo, the Danish tredeve, the Saxon drittig, the English thirty, and the Polish trzidzieczi; but I know no fource, at present, for the Hungarian harminca, to exprefs thirty. Now, it must be observed here, that though deg is the name for ten throughout, while it is joined to the units, in order to form the teens before the number twenty, yet when the tens are multiplied, then the Irish, instead of deg, the name of a single ten, say chid, ched,or chad, reverfing the deg ordec, and then, by adding any of the unit numbers before it, it fignifies so many tens; as, fichid, or fichint, two tens; trichid, three tens; ceathrachad, four tens; cuigad, five tens; fbeafgad, fix tens; fheafmogad, seven tens; ofmogad, eight tens; nochad, nine tens, for twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, fixty, seventy, eighty, ninety. And thus, we fee, that this method is used by the Greeks for thirty; for, after the tria they place konta, instead of chint, which denotes a plurality of tens, with them, and fo go on till they come to Evvεvýzova, ninety. The Latins, instead of this, have their ginta, which is followed by the Italians, Spanish and French, in a contracted manner, as appears in the table; the Germans, Dutch, Saxons and English have their zig, tigh, tig and ty; and, for the fame purpofe, the Swedes fay tio,

and the Danes tyve, which is no more than a deviation, from tig; and, as we have fhewn before, these originally fprung from the old Gomerian or Magogian deg, or dec.

THE Poles, too, however eftranged from the original, yet preserve a veftige of the fame mode; for they have, for this purpose, their sciat after the units, which has some affinity to the Irish chid, or chad; and the Hungarians have van, or ven. But we must make one obfervation upon the manner of the Welsh, in the multiplication of the tens, from twenty to ninety; for they do not make use of any expression to fignify any of the multiplied tens, as all the others do; but for thirty, they say deg ar hygein, ten and twenty; for forty, they have deu gain, two twenties, or two fcore; for fifty, deg a deugain, ten and two score; for fixty, tri ugain, three twenties; for seventy, deg a tri ugain, ten and three score; for eighty, pedwar ugain, four twenties; and for ninety, naw deg, nine tens: thus, alternately telling the number of scores, and adding a ten for the odd number of tens, as in thirty, fifty, feventy; and for ninety, multiplying the tens by nine. This must be a deviation, from the original mode, in the offspring of Gomer, because all the Europeans follow the Irish, and not one of the nations have any thing like this, except the Danes, who, indeed, follow the ancient method, in tyve, twenty; tredive, thirty; fyrtive, forty; but imitate the Welsh, in counting the fcores, or twenties, in the numbers fifty, fixty, feventy, eighty and ninety; and, like them, adding the odd ten. There is another remarkable circumftance, well worthy of obferving here, before we pafs on to the next number,

one