ing citizens, as formed into a militia. On these, collected from the parts most convenient in numbers proportioned to the invading force, it is best to rely not only to meet the first attack, but if it threatens to be permanent, to maintain the defence until regulars may be engaged to relieve them. These considerations render it important that we should, at every. session, continue to amend the defects which from time to time shew themselves, in the laws for regulating the militia, until they are sufficiently perfect: nor should we now, or at any time, separate until we can say we have done every thing for the militia which we could do, were an enemy at the door. The provision of military stores on hand will be laid before you, that you may judge of the additions requisite. before you an essay towards a statement, of those who, With respect to the extent to which our naval preparations should be carried, some difference of opinion may be expected to appear; but just attention to the circumstances of every part of the union will doubtless reconcile all. A small force will probably continue to be wanted, for actual service, in the Mediterranean. Whatever annual sum beyond that you may think proper to appropriate to naval preparations, would perhaps be better employed in providing those articles which may be kept without waste or consumption, and be in readiness when any exigence calls them into use. Progress has been made, as will appear by papers now communicated, in providing materials for seventy-four-gun ships, as directed by law. How far the authority given by the legislature for procuring and establishing scites for naval purposes, has been perfectly understood and pursued in the execution, admits of some doubt. A statement of the la our care too of the public contributions entrusted expenses already incurred, on that subject, shall be. to our direction, it would be prudent to multiply bar- laid before you. I have in certain cases suspended or ners against their dissipation; by appropriating specific slackened these expenditures, that the legislature may sums to every specific purpose susceptible of defini- determine whether so many yards are necessary as tion; by disallowing all applications of money varying have been contemplated. The works at this place are from the appropriation in object, or transcending it in among those permitted to go on and five of the seven amount; by reducing the undefined field of contin- frigates directed to be laid up, have been brought and gencies, and thereby circumscribing discretionary laid up here; where, besides the safety of their posipowers over moncy; and by bringing back to a singletion, they are under the eye of the executive adminisdepartment all accountabilities for money, where tration, as well as of its agents, and where yourselves The examination may be prompt, efficacious and also, will be guided by your own view, in the legisla uniform. tive provisions respecting them, which may from time to time be necessary. They are preserved in such condition, as well the vessels as whatever belongs to them, as to be at all times ready for sea on a short warning: Two others are yet to be laid up, so soon as they shall have received the repairs requisite to put them also into sound condition. As a supermitending officer will be necessary at each yard, his duties and emoluments, hitherto fixed by the executive, will be a more proper subject for legislation. A communication will also be made of our progress in the execution of the law respecting the vessels directed to, be sold. An account of the receipts and expenditures of the last year, as reported by the secretary of the treasury, will as usual be laid before you. The success which has attended the late sales of the public lands shews, that, with attention, they may be made an important source of receipt, Among the payments, those made in discharge of the principal and interest of the national cebt, will shew, that the public faith has been exactly maintained; to these will be added an estimate of appropriations necessary for the ensuing year-this last will of course be affected by such modifications of the system of expense as you shall think proper to adopt. A statement has been formed by the secretary of war, on a mature consideration of all the posts and stations where garrisons will be expedient, and of the number of men requisite for each garrison. The whole amount is considerably short of the present military establishment; for the surplus, no particular use can be pointed out; for defence against invasion, their number is nothing; nor is it conceived needful or safe, that a standing army should be kept up, in time of peace, for that purpose. Uncertain as we must ever be of the particular point in our circumference, where an enemy may chuse to invade us, the only force which can be ready at every point, and competent to oppose them, is the body of neighbour. | The fortifications of our harbonrs, more or less ad- ́ vanced, present considerations of great difficulty, while some of them are on a scale sufficiently proportioned to the advantages of their position, to the efficacy of their protection, and the importance of the points within it; others are so extensive, will cost so much in their first erection, so much in their maintenance, and require such a force to garrison them, as to make it questionable what is best now to be done. A statement of those commenced, or projected, of the expenses already incurred, and estimates of their future cost, as far as can be foreseen, shall be laid before you, that you may be enabled to judge whether any alteration is necessary in the laws respecting this subject. Agriculture, manufactures, commerce, and navigation, the four pillars of our prosperity, are then most thriving when left most free to individual enterprize. Protection from casual embarrassments, however, may sometimes be seasonably interposed; if in the course of your observations or inquiries, they should appear to need any aid, within the limits of our constitutional powers, your sense of their importance is a sufficient assurance they will occupy your attention. We cannot indeed but all feel an anxious solicitude for the difference under which our carrying trade will soon be placed; how far it can be relieved, otherwise than by ume, is a subject of important consideration. The judiciary system of the United States, and especially that portion of it recently erected, will of course present itself to the contemplation of Congress, and that they may be able to judge of the proportion which the institution bears to the business it has to perform, I have caused to be procured from the several States, and now lay before Congress an exact statement of all the causes decided since the first establishment of the courts, and of those which were depending when additional courts and judges were brought into their aid. And while on the judiciary organization, it will be worthy your consideration, whether the protection of the inestimable institution of juries, has been extended to the cases involving the security of our persons and property. Their impartial selection also being essential to their value we ought further to consider whether that is sufficiently secured in those States where they are named by a marshal depending on executive will, or designated by the court, or by the officers dependant on them. which is tending to unite them in objects and will. That all should be satisfied with any one order things, is not to be expected; but I indulge the ple ing persuasion, that the great body of our citizens cordially concur in honest and disinterested effor which have for their object to preserve the general a state governments in their constitutional form a equilibrium; to maintain peace abroad, and order a obedience to the laws at home; to establish principl and practices of administration favourable to the sec rity of liberty and property, and to reduce expens to what is necessary for the useful purposes of Th. Jeferson vernment. Treaty between France and Spain. [The preamble to this treaty runs in the usua words. It was signed at Madrid, on the 21st March, 1801.] Art. 1. The reigning Duke of Parma renounces for ever, for himself and his heirs, the Dutchy of Parma, with all its dependencies, in favour of the French Re public, and his Catholic Majesty shall guarantee this renunciation. The Grand Dutchy of Tuscany, which the Grand Duke in the same manner renounces equally, and the cession of which is guaranteed by the Emperor of Germany, shall be given to the son of the Duke of Parma, as an indemnification for the countries ceded by the Infant his father, and in consequence of another treaty concluded formerly between his Catholic Majesty and the French Republic. II. The Prince of Parma wis go to Florence, where he will be acknowledged Sovereign of all the possessions which belong to the Grand Dutchy, and receive from the constituted authorities the keys of the fort, and the oath of fidelity will be taken to him as Sovereign. The first Consul will exert his authority, in order that these acts may be peaceably executed. III. The Prince of Parma will be acknowledged King, with all the honour due to his rank. The First Consul shall acknowledge him, and shall cause him to be so considered by the other powers of Europe. The measures necessary for this purpose shall be taken before the Prince takes possession. I cannot omit recommending a revisal of the laws on the subject of naturalization. Considering the ordinary chances of human life, a denial of citizenship under a residence of fourteen years, is a denial to a great proportion of those who ask it; and controls a policy pursued from their first settlement, by many of these states, and still believed of consequence to their prosperity. And shall we refuse to the unhappy fugitives from distress, that hospitality which the savages of the wilderness extended to our fathers arriving in this land? Shall oppressed humanity find no asylum on this globe? The constitution indeed has wisely provided, that for admission to certain offices of important trust, a residence shall be required sufficient to develope character and design, but might not the IV. The part of the Isle of Elba which belongs to general character and capabilities of a citizen be safely Tuscany, and depends upon that State, shall remain communicated to every one manifesting a bona fide pur- to the French Republic; and the First Consul shall pose of embarking his life and fortunes permanently with give as an indemnity to the King of Tuscany the us?-with restrictions perhaps to guard against the frau-country of Piombino, which belongs to the King of dulent usurpation of our flag; an abuse which brings Naples. so much embarrassment and loss on the genuine citizen, and so much danger to the nation of being involved in war, that no endeavour should be spared to detect and suppress it. These, fellow-citizens, are the matters respecting the state of the nation, which I have thought of importance to be submitted to your consideration at this time; some others of less moment, or not yet ready for communication, will be the subject of separate messages. I am happy in this opportunity of committing the arduous affairs of our government to the collected wisdom of the union. Nothing shall be wanting on my part to inform, as far as in my power, the legislative judgment, how to carry that judgment into faithful execution. The prudence and temperance of your discussions will promote within your own walls, that conciliation which so much befriends rational conclusion: and by its example, will encousage among our constituents that progress of opinion V. As this treaty originates from that which has been concluded between the First Consul and his Catholic Majesty, and by which the King cedes to France the possession of Louisiana, the contracting parties agree to put in execution the articles of the former treaty, and to use their respective rights till the settle ment of those differences mentioned in it. VI. As the new family to be established in Tuscany is of the family of Spain, these estates shall remain for ever united to Spain, and an infant of that family shall be called to that throne, in case the present King or his children have no posterity: in this case, the sons of the reigning family of Spain shall succeed to these estates. VII. The First Consul and his Catholic Majesty agree to procure for the reigning Duke of Parma, in consideration of this renunciation in favour of his son, proportionable indemnities, whether in possessions or revenues. By late dispatches we learn that the Decoits, a people who some years since maintained a sanguinary warfare with our Indian tained a sanguinary warfare with our Indian government, and excited a considerable degree of alarm in this country, are again in arms, and have committed great excesses. Accounts from Ramghur, of the 4th of August, state, that a very powerful body of these people had made an incursion into that neighbourhood where the convicts were employed in clearing the jungles and repairing the public roads; they brought with them fire-arms, pikes, &c. to arm the convicts, having previously agreed to set them free, and associate them in their intended plunder of the district. The Sepoy guard made a gallant but in effectual resistance, most of them being either killed or wounded; when the convicts, with their deliverers, retired into the hill country. From their fastnesses they have made nuerous excursions into the adjacent country, epopulating villages, and destroying such property as they are unable to remove.The flourishing and extensive town of Aurangbaad, which in 1799 was destroyed by Juggo Deo and his adherents, having been re-built and re-peopled, and numerous extensive granaries established there, bas been again plundered, and reduced to ashes by the Decoits. The leader of this banditti is a man of distinguished talent, who formerly enjoyed a high rank in the army of the late Nabob of the Carnatic, but in consequence of some offence committed against the English, he threw up his situation the better to indulge his revenge. He appears to have fomented the troubles in the Southern districts, by the dispersion of seditious letters, &c, and his present insurrection, which is secretly encouraged by many of the friends of the late Nabob, is in close concert with the Poligars. Intelligence has been received that a de. tachment from Colonel Stephenson's army has gained a signal victory over a vast body of the insurgent Poligars at the Eastern foot of the Gauts: this action took place early in August, but the particulars have not transpired. The Rannee, or Princess of Delle, who was confined at Dindigul by the India Company, on suspicion of having assisted the insurgent Poligars, has offered, as her ransom, a lac of pagodas, and a very considerable yearly tribute in the event of her being restored to her sovereignty. This unfortunate Princess likewise engages to give up those who seduced her to hostility against the Company, and make the surrender of her country to them the consequence of any future misconduct on her part. These terms, however, have not been accepted; stand it is insinuated, that her conduct shall as, prior to any accommodation, we underundergo an investigation before the Su preme Government of Bengal. In Jamaica, from whence we have letters of 1st of December, the news of the peace had produced no very pleasing sensations. Men of reflection foresaw what has happened; and in a letter, dated Kingston, 27th November, which is now before us, the writer expresses a hope, that no French army will be suffered to go out to re-inforce Toussaint, and predicts, that, should that be the case, Jamaica would be exposed to great danger. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. Paris, January 25.-Buonaparté was still at Lyons, on the 23d of January, where he had collected around him deputies from the Cisalpine, Ligurian, and Helvetian Republics, and from the kingdom of Etruria; and where he was employed in graciously lis tening to the adulatory odes and orations of a set of the most despicable slaves that ever disgraced the human form. The language of Paris, in the mean while, has not been quite so adulatory. It appears, that a writer named Fouilhoux, has, for some little time past, published a sort of periodical handbill, in which he has spoken of the Grand Consul, his connections, and his comrades, in a style, of which they did not approve. As far as we can gather, from a public notice of the minister of the police, Fouilhoux had promulgated some truths, which were not generally known, but which were very interesting, and not perfectly well calculated to keep the people in a salutary state of ignorance, with respect to the characters and conduct of their rulers. The minister of police obligingly tells us, that for some time, he thought this libeller, was beneath his notice; but, that, perceiving many weak people, particularly certain stupid foreigners, nacks, an article contrary to the present state of lately arrived at Paris, to be deceived by things in France, and which appears not to these "secret anecdotes," (of which, by the have been laid before the department of the by, we wish we had a complete copy), he censors. The two almanacks were accordthought it necessary to put a stop to the scan- ingly seized in conformity to the edict. dal, and that he has, therefore, seized poor The police compelled the offending bookFouilhoux, whom he has fouillé, that is to say, sellers to withdraw all the copies from their he has rummaged his pockets, his drawers, agents, whether in the provinces or in foand his papers, in which he has found the reign countries; and the booksellers are list of subscribers to the hand bill, amongst moreover to be delivered to the punishwhom are not a small number of foreign gulls, ment of the laws, according to the degree of pointing not very indirectly at those who offence with which they may be charged.-have lately gone from London to Paris. An article contrary to the present state of things in What will become of poor Fouilhoux, citi- France! This article styles Louis the XVIII. ze Fouché forgets to tell us; but we doubt king of France; and this is an offence, for not that effectual means will be taken to which the booksellers of an emperor are to -prevent him from blabbing in future. be punished! Voltaire truly said, that monarchical government never could die but by Amiens, January 21.-The Spanish pleni-suicide; and if this be not an act of suicide. potentiary has arrived at Paris; but will suicide; and if this be not an act of suicide in the government of Austria, we know noproceed no further 'till Buonaparté and alleyrand return from Lyons, which, it is thing of politics. Far be it from us, however, to boast of our own comparative xpected, they will do in the course of a situation. The cowardly sentiments, which w weeks. In the mean while, the definiwe have lately heard in this country, and ive treaty goes briskly on, and may, possi- the base means, which we understand have nly, be concluded before the middle of been resorted to, in order to shut the mouths March. It is said, that Spain demands the of those, who have spoken with horror of restitution of Trinidada; if she makes this the detestable manners and principles, which demand, she makes it at the instigation of are fashionable amongst the domineering France, and it needs no ghost to tell us men and women at Paris, lead us to fear, what will be the consequence. Indeed we ould feel little regret at the giving up of France will not be much less at London that, in a very little time, the influence of 's island, the possession of which, consi- than it is at Vienna. Another article from ing its uncultivated state, and its expo-Vienna states, that a dispute, on a point of to the invasion of the French, is not precedence, had taken place between the th the amount of our diplomatic expenses Russian and French ambassadors, both of a single day. whom had, on the occasion, sent off couriers to their respective courts. It appears, that the Frenchman had come into the same chamber where the other foreign ministers were assembled, and, instead of waiting to take his turn in entering into the presence, had rushed in before any of the rest. This was resented by the Russian; but the affair was accommodated by the court of Vienna, who, not daring to disapprove of the conduct of the citizen ambassador, threw the whole blame on the chamberlain, to, whose neglect, it was pretended the premature entrance of the republican was to be ascribed! This is the ancient and warlike house of Austria! "The paths of glory lead but to the grave;" an adage which we always repeat with a sigh, when we view our present situation, and reflect on the defence of Acra and the battle of the Nile, Lyons, January 17.-Talleyrand, the pious Taileyrand, the ci-devant guardian of the holy oil, has, in an answer given to one of the slavish addresses of the Lyonese, assured them, that the emperor of Russia has expressed his earnest desire to enter into the most liberal commercial connections with the republic of France. In an answer, which Buonaparté has given to the merchants of Bourdeaux, he expresses his intention of visiting that city. Vienna, December 23.-By several specific ediets, it has been forbidden, under the severest penalties, to print the most trivial thing without previously submitting the manuscript to the censors, the chief department of which has been lately united to that of the minister of police; and, consequently, the police of Vienna directing its attention to the execution of the existing laws in respect of the publications, has discovered in the genealogical tables of two pocket alma ·December 26.-The acknowledgment of the king of Etruria will be deferred until the grand duke of Tuscany shall be completely "Your troops will march hitherwards this morning at eight o'clock. You will cause the above to be read to your commons, and suffer as many military men to pass as come Basle, January 3.-Considerable fermenta tion prevails in the country of the Grisons. The object, as far as we are able to judge, is to shake off the yoke of France; but the miserable people are all divided amongst themselves, and all those who dare to streggle will perish one by one. Hague, January 1.--Pamphlets have been published here openly espousing the cause of the Prince of Orange, and deprecating the new constitution and government. No good is to be expected from such effusions. Arms, arms, and arms alone; there must be swords drawn, and able hands to use them, before any hope can exist of the emancipation of this miserable country, Lucca, January 7.—The provisory govern-out of the city." ment accepted, the day before yesterday, the new constitution which has been presented to it. It is composed of twenty-eight articles, divided into three titles, of which the heads are as follow-The government of the republic of Lucca is composed of a college, an executive power, and an administrative council. The college, which is composed of 300 citizens, selected from among the rich proprietors, merchants, artists, and men of letters, is charged with forming the laws, naming the members of the executive power, of the administrative council, and the tribunals, and receive no salary. A third part of it shall be renewed every fifth year. The executive power is composed of twelve Anziani (ancients), each of whom shall preside six months in his turn, under the title of Gonfalier. Each of the Anziani shall remain four years in place.nisters have received instructions not to Berlin, December 26.-The Austrian miThe college shall renew a fourth part of this hasten the negotiations relative to the inbody every year. The administrative coun demnities in the German empire; but, on cil is composed of Anziani and the four magistrates who shall have the inspection coart hopes to circumscribe the secularizathe contrary, to temporize, whilst their of internal affairs, of justice, of police, of tion, within very narrow bounds. It is not war, &c. probable, however, that this system will produce the desired success, France and Prussia being agreed on the principle of Berne, December 20.-Sulzer, Keller of Obringen, and Gotz of Tachsen, are to be tried before the cantonial tribunal, the ge. neral accuser having already orders to prosecute them. An idea may be formed of their conspiracy from the proclamation which they circulated in the districts of Barken and Andelsingen. The substance of it was as follows. Liberty! Equality! "Tacshen, Dec. 8, 1801. The valiant warriors of the circle of Andelsingen, and of Winterthur, to Citizen ., Chairman of all the members of the constitutional central government. "Our soldiers have formed an union to redeem their country. We are armed against that traitor .. and against all those who have so meanly favoured that base faction. We have declared war in secularizations. United States of America, December 26.-In head of State Papers, Mr. Jefferson's speech, our present number will be found, under the or rather message, at opening the session of Congress, which took place on the 8th of December last. The new President scems to have resolved on an entire departure from the policy and practices of his predecessors, whom he scorns to imitate, even in the form and manner of communicating his sentiments to the legislature. This was, both by Washington and Adams, done in a speech delivered in person to both houses, which speech was answered by them, in nearly the manner of answers of our houses of Parliament to the speeches from the throne. Jefferson has chosen to communi |