children have scattered over the city and to more distant points. The houses, the stables, the manufacturing establishments have gone, the very contour of the ground has changed and now along Duquesne Way one sees a huge brick warehouse extending along the entire length of the block; a long low freight house runs parallel with it, and leading to the buildings are railroad tracks, some low on the ground, others elevated high in the air. Nestling among these marvels of modern industrial life, sole reminder of the life that was, there still remains the OLD REDOUBT.

REFERENCES AND NOTE.

CHAPTER VII.

1. John F. Watson. Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1857, Vol. II, p. 131.

2. Pennsylvania Archives, Vol. X, pp. 463-464.

3.

C. W. Butterfield. Washington-Irvine Correspondence, Madison, Wis., pp. 170-172.

4. Louise Phelps Kellogg. Frontier Advance on the Upper Ohio, Madison, 1916, p. 175.

5. Neville B. Craig. In The American Pioneer, Cincinnati, 1844, Vol. I, p. 239.

6. Major Samuel S. Forman. Narrative of a Journey Down the Ohio and Mississippi in 1789-90, Cincinnati, 1888, pp. 19-25. Neville B. Craig. The History of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 1851, p. 92.

7.

Neville B. Craig. In The American Pioneer, Supra.

Harris's General Business Directory, Pittsburgh, 1841, p. 5. 8. Historical Account of Bouquet's Expedition, Cincinnati, 1868, p. 33.

9. Ibid, p. 81.

10. Isaac Craig. In The American Pioneer, Supra, p. 237.

11.

George H. Thurston. Allegheny County's Hundred Years, Pittsburgh, 1888, p. 15.

12. Olden Time. Pittsburgh, 1846, Vol. I, p. 40.

13.

James Ross.

Colonel George Wood's Plan of Pittsburgh, P. B. Recorder's Office of Allegheny County. 14. The Navigator, Pittsburgh, 1808, p. 33. 15. John F. Watson, Supra.

15a.

Note.-William Masson, who prepared this plan, was apparently the sailmaker who in the early part of the Nineteenth Century resided on Water Street, between Smithfield Street and Cherry Alley. The Pittsburgh Directories for both 1815 and 1819 have him as residing at this place, and according to a deed filed in the Recorder's Office of Allegheny County he had purchased the property in 1813. The belief that he was the author of the plan is strengthened by the fact that the plan contains pictures of eleven sailing ships of various classes, all of which are labeled as having been built at Pittsburgh or in the vicinity, and about which hardly anyone could have had knowledge, unless he was intimately connected with shipbuilding.

16. C. W. Butterfield. Supra, p. 78.

17. Neville B. Craig. The History of Pittsburgh, Supra, p. 187. 18. Henry R. Schoolcraft, LL. Ď. Information Respecting the History, Condition and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States, Philadelphia, 1853, Part III, p. 336.

19. Georges Henri Victor Collot. Voyage Dans L'Amerique Septenroale ou Description, Etc., Paris, 1826, Vol. I, p. 61. 20. W. G. Lyford. InThe Western Address Directory for 1837, Baltimore, 1837, pp. 45-47.

21. William Ferguson, LL.D. America by River and Rail, London, MDCCCLVI, pp. 246-247.

22.

Rev. A. A. Lambing. A History of the Catholic Church in the Dioceses of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, New York, 1880, pp. 137138.

23. Rev. A. A. Lambing. Mary's First Shrine in the Wilderness, Pittsburgh, 1888, pp. 13-14.

HON. PHILANDER CHASE KNOX.

By

EDWIN W. SMITH.

The boy, who was afterwards known as Philander Chase Knox, was born on the 6th day of May, 1853, at Brownsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He was a son of David S. Knox and the grandson of the Rev. William Knox.

His grandfather came from County Tyrone, Ireland, to the United States in the year 1797. He was a Methodist preacher and when he came to this country joined the Baltimore Conference of that Church. The Western part of Pennsylvania was within this Conference. It is said that he had, at one time, charge of the Smithfield Street Methodist Episcopal Church in Pittsburgh. He was married three times and had twelve children. Miss Mary Smith of Connellsville was his second wife. At the time of this marriage he was preaching at Connellsville. Later the family moved to Cadiz, Ohio. He died there in 1851 being eighty-four years old.

David S. Knox was the son of his father's second wife, Mary Smith. He was born at Connellsville on the 19th day of May, 1805, and was seven years old when the family moved to Cadiz. He left school when he was fifteen years of age. He came back to Connellsville to visit relatives and stayed there. In 1829 he married Sarah Francis, a daughter of Dr. James Francis, who was a surgeon in the army of the Revolutionary War. It is said that Dr. Francis was a close friend of Washington and was with him through the winter at Valley Forge. There were three children of this marriage: William F. Knox, afterwards Dr. Knox of McKeesport; Sarah J., afterwards Mrs. Miller, and Isabella, who died in infancy. David Knox's first wife died in 1833 and about three years later he married Miss Rebecca Page of Connellsville. The children of this marriage were Thomas, Samuel, Richard, Mary, Caroline, Alfred, Narcissa,