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holpen, pp., helped, aided. holt, n., wood, plantation. hond, n., hand.

hool, adj., whole, healed. hoom, n., home.

hoomly, adv., in a homely way. hoot, adj., hot.

hord, n., treasure.

knobbles, n. pl., knobs, large loan, n., a lane, path, a private

pimples.

knowes, n. pl., knees.
kye, n., kine, cows.
kyn, n. pl., kine, cows.
kynde, n., nature, disposition.

laas, n., thick string.

hore, hair; her; hoar; ore; ladde, pp., lead.

whore.

hote, pp.,

called.

hote, v., to command, promise. houghmagandie,

cation.

houlet, n., owl.

n.,

forni

houped, pp., whooped.
houres, n. pl., hours.
howkin, digging (v. pr. part.).
howkit, v., to dig out.

hurdies, n. pl., loins, crupper,
buttocks.

hye, n., hedge. hyer, adj., higher.

hyne, n., servant, peasant.
hyred, pp., hired.

iangleth, chatter, prate (v.
present).
ieet, n., jet.

Ilioun, Ilion, the citadel
Troy.

lafte, pp., left.
lakkede, pp., lacked.
lang syne, long since, long ago.
lasse, adj., (comp.) less.
lat., pp., let.

latoun, n., latten, a compound
metal, containing chiefly
copper and zinc.
Lauriol, n., spurge
Daphne Laureola.
lave, n., the rest, remainder,
the others.

laurel,

lav'rocks, n. pl., the larks.
lazar, n., leper.

lear, n., lore, learning.
leche, n., physician.

road to a farmhouse. lodemenage, n., pilotage, the

hire of a pilot for conducting a ship.

loken, pp., enlocked, locked

up.

lokkes, n. pl., locks of hair.
lond, n., land.
long, adj., distant.
longen, v., to long, wish.
loof, n., the palm of the hand.
Lordinges, Sirs, My Masters.
lorn, pp., lost.

lorne, pp., lost, deserted.
losengeour, n., flatterer.
lough, laugh (v. preterit).
lough, n., a loch, lake.
loun, n., a clown, rascal.
louting, looting (v. pr. part.).
love-dayes, n. pl., days for
arbitrating disputes.
lovyere, n., lover.

lowin', adj., flaming.

lowpin, leaping (v. pres. part.).

leef, you so leef, so desired by lowsed, pp., set loose.

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leeze-me-on, commend me to. luntin, adj., smoking.

of lemes, n. pl., limbs.

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kail, n., cabbage.
kain, n., rents in kind.
kebbuck, n., cheese.
keeks, v., to look, peep.
keep, v., to pay heed.
kend, pp., known.
kend, adj., kind.

kiaugh, n., cark, anxiety.
kirk, n., church.

kirn, n., the churn; also a harvest home.

kirtle, n., a man's tunic or coat.

knarre, n., a knotted, thickset fellow.

leve, n., dear one.
lever, adv., rather.
lewed, adj., ignorant,
learned.

lusty-hed, n., pleasure, enjoyment, gay living.

lyart, adj., gray.

lyte, adj., small, little.
lyth, lieth (v. present).

mace, n., a heavy staff wholly
or partly of metal and often
spiked.

maist, adv., most, almost. maistow, for, mayest thou. maistres, n. pl., masters. male, n., bag, wallet.

maner, n., manner, kind, sort, un- maner, n., manor, place to dwell in.

leyd, pp., laid.
leye, v, to lay.
licour, n., moisture.
lief, adj., dear; darling.
lifull, adj., lifeful, vitalizing.
liggen, v., to lie.
lilled, pp., lolled.

limitour, n., limitor, a friar
licensed to beg for alms
within a certain limit.
limmer, n., a mistress.
lin, v., to cease, cease from.
linket, v., to trip or dance with
activity.

linn, n., waterfall.
lint, n., flax.

list, is, are, was, were pleased;
me list, him list, ye list, etc.;
it pleases me, him, you, etc.
lith, n., limb (of herself).
Lo, interjection.

mantelees, n. pl., mantles. marres, mars (v. present). mary-bones, n. pl., marrowbones.

mase, n., bewildering position, maugree, prep., in spite of. maun, must (v. present). maunciple, n., manciple, an

officer who purchases victuals for an inn or college. mavis, n., a song thrush. maystou, mayest thou. mede, n., mead, meadow. medlee, adj., of a mixed color. meikle, adj., much. melder, n., the quantity of

corn sent to be ground. melvie, v., to dust with meal. mene, v., to mean, intend. ment, pp., mixed, mingled. mervaille, n., wonder.

messin, n., a little dog, a cur. nouthe, just now, at present.

mete, n., meat, food. mete, v., to meet.

mette, dreamt (v. preterit).
mewe, n., mew, a coop
wherein fowls were fattened.
meynee, n., household, retinue.
diminished.

minisht, pp.,
mirk, adj., dark, gloomily
dark.

mochel, adv., much.
monie, adj., many.
moot, must, shall (v. present).
mormal, n., sore, gangrene.
morne, n., morning milk.
mortreux, n., thickened soups
or pottages.

morwe (by the), early in the
morning.

mote, must (v. present). motlelee, adj., motley. moudieworts, n. pl., moles. mountance, n., amount, value, quantity.

muchell, adj., great, much. Mulla, the Awbeg, a stream in the Ballahoura mountains. The Awbeg empties into the Blackwater, in Spenser's day commonly called Broadwater.

na or nae, not.

namo, adv., no more.

nane, none.

nappy, n., strong ale.
narwe, adj., small.
nas, was not.

nayles, n. pl., nails, claws.
ne, adv., and conj., not.
nedely, adv., of necessity,
necessarily.
needments, n. pl., things

needed, necessary luggage.
neet, n., neat, cattle.
nekke-boon, n., neck bone.
ner, adj., near.

nere, were not.

never-a-del, adv., not a bit. niest, adi., next.

nieve, n., fist.

niffer, v., to exchange.

nowt, n., cattle.
ny, adv., nigh, near.
nye, v., to draw near.

o, oo, or oon, one.
offring, n., offering. the act of
going to the altar to present
alms.

ones, adv., once.
ook, n., oak.
ooth, n., oath.
orerest, adj., outermost.
orlogge, n., clock in a steeple.
oule, n., owl.

ounces, n. pl., small portions.
ourie, adj., shivering, droop-
ing.

out-rydere, n., rider abroad,
the name of a monk who
rode to inspect granges.
ouzell, n., blackbird.
owches, n. pl., brooches.
owre, prep., over.
owsen, n., oxen.

paas (goon a paas), n., pace,
step (go at a footpace).
pace, v., to pass.
pacient, adj., patient.
page, n., page (a boy).
paidl'd, paddled, waded
pret.).

(v.

painch, n., paunch.
paitrick, n., partridge.
parbreake, v., to vomit.
par cas, by chance.
pardee, a common oath, Fr.
pardieu.

pardoner, n., pardoner, seller
of indulgences.
parfouned,

pp., performed,

completed.
parfyt, adj., perfect.
parritch, n., porridge.
parvys, n., church-porch.
pas, n., footpace.
peacock-arwes, n. pl., arrows

with peacock's feathers.
pechan, n., the stomach.
pennes, n. pl., quills.
pens, n., penny, pence.

nightertale, in the night time, perced, pp., pierced.

night after night.

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pers, n., stuff of a sky-blue
color.

perced, pp., pierced.
persaunt, adj., piercing.
peyne, v., to take pains,
endeavor.

pight, pp., pitched, placed,
hurled, struck.

piled, pp., deprived of hair,
very thin.
pilwe-beer, n., pillow-case.
pinche, v., to find fault with,
pick a hole in.

Pirrus, n., Pyrrhus.
pit, pp., put.
plaste, pp., placed.
plat, adv., flat.
playnd, pp., planed.
plesen, v., to please.
pleye, v., to play, be amused.
pleyn, adj., full.

poind, v., to seize, to impound.
pokkes, n. pl., pocks, pustules.
poortiths, poverty's.
poraille, n., poor people.
port, n., carriage, behavior.
portesse, n., a breviary.
poudre-marchant,

n.,

the name of a kind of a spice. Pouke, Robin Goodfellow, Puck.

pouped, pp., blew hard, puffed.
poure, pour, poor, power, pure.
pouthery, adj., powdery.
pow, n., the poll, the head.
poynaunt, adj., pungent.
poyson, n., poison.
practisour, n., practitioner.
predicacioun, n., preaching,

sermon.

prees, n., the press, the crowd. presse, n., mould.

pricasour, n., a hard rider. priefe, n., trial, examination, demonstration, efficacy.

priketh, incites, excites (v.
present).

privee, adj., secret.
prively, adv., secretly.
prow, n., profit, advantage.
pryme, n., prime (of day)
usually 9 A.M.
prys, n., price, value.
puissant, adj., powerful.
pulled hen, a plucked hen.
purtreye, v., to draw.
pyned, pp., examined by tor-

ture.

quad, adj., bad.
quelle, v., to kill.

quod, quoth (v. preterit).
quyte you, repay you.

rablement, n., disturbance,
tumult.

raibles, n. pl., gabbles.
rairin, adj., roaring.
ram, n., ram (as a prize at
wrestling).

ranckes, proud, forward.
rash-buss, n., a clump of
rushes.

raskall, adj., of the rabble,
vulgar, base.

raught, pp., reached (out or forward).

ravise dest, didst draw (down). ream, n., foam.

recche, interpret, expound

(v. present).

recure, v., to repair.
redoubled, pp., re-echoed.
reed, adj., red.
reekit, adj., smoky.
reestit, pp., singed.

reft, took away (v. preterit). reherce, v., to rehearse, repeat. rekke, n., care.

remenant, n., remainder, rest. remes, n. pl., realms. rennen, v., to run. rent, v., to rend, hurl. rente, n., revenue, income. repleccioun, n., repletion. repleet, adj., repleet, full. repreve, n., shame. resoun, n., reason, right. rethor, n., orator. reule, n., rule.

reve, n., reeve, steward, bailiff. revers, n., reverse, contrary. reweth, makes me sorry, I am sorry (v. present). reyn, n., rain.

reysed, pp., gone on a military expedition. rigwoodie, adj., ancient, lean. rin, v., to run.

rives, splits, cleaves, rends, tears (v. present). robuckes, the male or any roe deer.

roghte, recked,

cared, re

garded (v. preterit). rood, rode (v. preterit).

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say, n., proof, quality. sayle, v., to sail.

scalled, pp., scaly, scabby. scathe, n., scathe, harm, pity."

scaul, v., to scold.
scaur, adj., scary, timid.
scole, n., school.

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skelpin, adj., hastening, mov

ing quickly.

skirl, v., to cry out shrilly. sklentin, adj., slanting, squinting.

slaes, n., sloes.

a slaps, n., a breach in the fence, an opening.

scoleye, v., (Ger.) to attend school, to study. scowre, v., to scour. screed, n., a rip, rent. secree, adj., secret. seely, adj., simple, harmless, helpless, poor. seigh, saw (v. preterit). seith, says (v. present). seke, v., to search, seek. seke, adj., sick, ill.

sely, adj., good, happy.
seminge, as it appears to me.
seson, n., season.
sethe, v., to seethe, boil.
seuretee, n., surety.
seyl, n., sail.
seyn, pp., seen.
shamfastnesse, n., modesty.
shaply, adv., shapely, fit.
shaumes, n. pl., legs, limbs.
shaw, n., wood.
sheef, n., sheaf.
sheeldes, n. pl., shields.
shend, v., to disgrace.
shent, pp., scolded.
sherte, n., shirt.

sheugh, n., a ditch, furrow.
shire, n., shire.
shirreve, n., sheriff.
shiten, adj., dirty, defiled.
sho, n., shoe.

shog, n., a shake.
sholder-boon,

blade bone.

slee or sleen, v., to slay. sleekit, adj., sleek. sleeth, slays (v. present). sleighte, n., cunning. slough, n., slough, mire. smeddum, n., powder. smerte, adv., smartly, sharply. smiddie, n., smithy. smoored, pp., smothered. smyrtie, n., litter. snash, n., abuse.

sneeshin-mill, n., snuffbox. snell, adj., bitter, biting. snewed, abounded (v. preterit). snibben, pp., snubbed, reproved.

snowkit, pp., snuffed.
snubbes, n., snags.
solas, n., amusement.
som-del, adv., somewhat.
somer, n., summer.
Somers-heat, Somerset.

somnour, n., summoner, an officer who summoned delin

quents before the ecclesiastical courts. sond, n., sand.

sonsie, adj., pleasant, goodnatured, jolly.

sooth, n., truth, adj., true, as adr., truly.

soothly, adv., truly.

sooty, adj., begrimed with soot. sop, n., sop (of toasted bread), sop in wyn.

soper, n.. supper.

souce, souse.

n.,

shoulder

sore, adv., sorely.

sote, adv., sweetly.

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shrighte, pp., shrieked.
shul, shall.

with shund, v., to avoid, escape

sark, n., shirt, shift. saugh, saw (v. preterit). sautrye, n., psaltery, a kind of harp (8 strings). sawcefleem, adj., covered with

from, eschew. sic, such.

sikerer, adj., surer, more to be trusted.

sikerly, adv., certainly, surely, truly.

siller, n., silver, money in general.

sin, sith, or sithens, conj. and adv., since.

skellum, m, a good for nothing.

souded, pp., confirmed.

soukinge, sucking (v. pres.

partc.).

soule, n., soul.

souninge in, tending to.

sowne, v., to sound. sowther, v., to solder. spairges, n. pl., splashes. sparwe, n., sparrow. spean, v., to wean (by disgust). sped, v., to prosper. spiers, asks (v. present). splore, n., frolic, a carousal. spones, n. pl., spoons. spores, n. pl., spurs. sporne, v., to spurn. sprattle, V., to sprawl, scramble.

spright, n., the mind, breath, spirit.

spunkies, n. pl., spirits, will o' wisps.

spyced, pp., scrupulous. stacher, v., to stagger, totter. stal, pp., secretly retreated; also stole, stolen. stampe, stamp, bray in mortar (v. present).

stane, n., stone.

staw, stole (v. preterit). stechin, cramming, filling

pres. partc.).

steeks, n. pl., stitches. stemed, shone,

preterit).

glowed

a

swowning, swooning (v. pres. tipet, n., tippet, cape. partc.).

swythe, adv., quickly.

syne, adv. and conj., since,
then, ago.
sythes, n. pl., times.

tabard, n.,
a ploughman's
loose frock.
taille, n., tally, an account
scored with notched sticks.
takel, n., tackle, gear, arrows.
(v. talants, n. pl., talons.

(v.

stents, n. pl., assessments, dues, taxes.

stepe, adj., glittering, bright. sterlinges, n. pl., sterling coins. sterres, n., stars. sterve, v., to die.

talen, v. (Ger.) to tell tales.
tapicer, n., upholsterer, maker
of carpets.
tappestere, n., female tapster,
barmaid.

targe, n., target, shield.
tassoille, for, to assoille, i.c. to
absolve.

tawted, pp, matted, with
matted hair.

stevene, n., voice, sound, tead, n., a torch.
language.

stibble, n., stubble.

stiked (swyn), a stuck pig. stones, n. pl., precious stones. stoor, n., store stock (of a farm).

stope, pp., advanced.

stot, n., stallion, horse, cob. stoure, n., dust, conflict, strife. stownd, pp., stunned. stowre, n., turmoil, strife; a combat; distress, misfortune.

streit, adj., narrow. streyneth, constrains (v. present).

strike, n., hank (of flax), a handful that may be heckled at once. strondes, n. pl., shores. strowd, pp., strewn. sturre, v., to steer, guide. sturt, n., worry, trouble. substilly, adv., craftily. suffisaunce, n., sufficiency. sugh, n., a sigh; a moan of the wind.

superfluitee, n., superfluity,

excess.

surcote, n., topcoat, overcoat. sustres, n. pl., sisters. swal, was puffed up with

anger.

swankies, n. pl., strapping fellows.

swatch, n., a sample. swats, n., new ale.

swevene, n., dream. swich, adj., such.

swinken, v., (Ger.) to toil, labour. swote, adj., sweet.

tempest thee noght, do not violently distress thyself. tentie, adj., watchful, careful, heedful.

terciane, adj., tertian. texpounden, v., to expound, explain.

thack, n., thatch.

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thack and rape, the covering of a house; hence, the home necessities." thae, pron., those. thalighte, for thee alighte (in thee alighte) alighted in thee. thanne, adv., then. tharray, for, the array. theech (so), for, so thee ich, as I may thrive, as I hope to prosper.

thegither, adv., together. thencrees, for, the increase. thestat, for, the state (or condition).

thewes, n. pl., manners, behavior, mental and moral qualities.

thole, v., to endure, suffer. thrang, n., throng. thrave, 24 sheaves of corn. thilke, that. tho, pron., those. thowes, n. pl., thaws. thrall, n., slave, slavery. thridle, n., third. thrillant, adj., piercing, keen. thritty, adj., thirty. thryes, adv., thrice. thurgh, prep., by means of. tikelnesse, n., instability, lack of steadiness. timmer, n., timber. tint, adj., lost.

tiptoon, n. pl. tiptoes.

tirlin, adj., stripping, uncovering, unroofing. tither, the other. Tithones, son of Laomedon, the king of Troy, mortal favorite of Aurora. togidre, adv., together. tombesteres, n. pl., female dancers, literally female tumblers. toon, n. pl., toes. tord, n., piece of dung. torn, n., turn. toste, n., toast. to-tere, v., to rend in pieces. totten, v., to take toll. tousie, adj., shaggy. tow, n., flax, rope. towmond, n., a twelvemonth. towre, a term of falconry; to

soar in a spiral; here applied to deer far up on the mountain.

towres (those bricky towres), the Temple. Formerly the abode of the Knights Templar; after the dissolution of their order, granted to the Knights of St. John, and by them leased to the students of Common Law, who have remained there ever since. trad, pp., treaded, copulated. traynes, n. pl., the tails; guile,

artifice; a draw-net. traytours, n. pl., traitors. treen, n. pl., trees. trete, v., to treat. tretys, adj., well proportioned, long.

trompe, n., trumpet.
trouthe, n., troth.
trowe, v., to believe.
tukked, pp., tucked.
twalpennie, n., a penny.
twalpint, 12 pint.
twa or tweye, adj., two.
twinne, v., to sever, part.
tyke, n., a dog.
tythes, n. pl., tithes.

unbrent, pp., unburnt.
unco, adj., strange, remark-
able, uncommon.
unco guid, the rigidly right-

eous.

uncrudded, pp., uncurdled. undern, n., a particular time in the morning is here implied, about 9 A.M. or later. unkend, pp., unknown. unlich, adv., unlike. unnethes, adv., scarcely, hardly, with difficulty.

unweeting, adj., ignorant, unconscious, by accident. usquabae, n., whisky.

vache, n., cow, beast. variable, adj., various. vavasour, n., a subvassal (next in dignity to a baron). vernicle, n., vernicle. veyl, n., veil.

vigilgës, n., vigils, evening meetings.

vitaille, n., victuals. voys, n., voice.

wabster, n., weaver. wad, would, would have (v. present).

wae, adj., woeful, sorrowful (sometimes used sarcastically).

Waesucks, interj., Alas!
wal, n., wall.
walet, n.,

wallet.

wan, won, gained (v. preterit). war or ware, adj., prudent, discreet.

wark, n., work.

wark-lume, n., a tool, a loom. warlocks, n. pl., wizards. waryce, v., to heal, cure. wa's, n. pl., walls. wast, n., waste. wastel-breed, n., cake, bread, bread of the best quality. waught, n., deep draught. wawlie, adj., ample, large, robust.

wayk, adj., weak.
wayne, a., vain; n., vein.
weans, n., a child.
webbe, n., a weaver.
weel-gaun, adj., well-going.
weel-hained, adj., well saved.
weet, v., to wet.

wele, n., happiness, fortune.
welke, v., to fade.
welked, pp., withered.

welle, n., well, source, spring. wende, would have thought. wenen, v., to ween, suppose.

weneth, imagines (v. present). woodnesse, n., madness, rage.

werre, n., war.

werte, n., wart.

weyeden, pp., weighed. weyes, n. pl., ways. Weylaway, interj., Alas! wha, pron., who.

woot, (I), I know (v. present). wortes, n. pl., herbs.

wrack, n., violence; v., to wreck.

wreke, v., to wreak, avenge. wyf, n., wife.

wyn, n., wine.

whally, adj., discolored (as in wyliecoat, n.,
wall eyes).
whalpit, pp., whelped.
whang, n., a large slice.
wheep, n., small beer.
whelkes, n. pl., pimples,
blotches.

whelpe, n., puppy, cub.
whilom, adv., once on a time,
formerly.
whott, adj., hot.
whyleare, sometime ago or
before, lately.

whyles, sometimes, now and
then.

whyt, adj., white.
wimpel, n., wimpel, covering
for the head, gathered
around it, and pleated under
the chin.

widwe, n., widow.

undervest.

yaf, gavest (v. present). y-bore, pp., borne, carried. y-boren, pp., born. y-chaped, pp., furnished with chapes or metal caps (placed at the end of the sheath). y-corven, pp., cut. ydel, adj., idle. ydrad, pp., dreaded. y-drawe, pp., drawn. yeddinges, n. pl., songs. yede, v., to go. yeldhalle, n., guild-hall. yell's, adj., dry, milkless. yelwe, adj., yellow. yeman, n., yeoman. yemanly, adv., in a yeomanlike

manner.

wight, n., person, creature, yën, n. pl., eyes.

man.

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yerde, n., switch.

yerne, error for erme, v., to feel sad, grieve.

yfed, pp., fed.

yill-caup, n., a wooden drinking vessel.

y-knowe, pp., known. y-led, pp., guided, conducted. y-logged, pp., lodged. y-nogh, enough. yod, pp., gone. yont, adv., beyond. yplaste, pp., placed. y-preved, pp., proved (to be). y-sprad, pp., spread. yts, pron., its. yve, n., ivy. yvel, adj., evil.

y-wis, adv., certainly, truly, verily.

y-write, pp., written.

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