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that no enemies on the Danes" land with a sp-free might do injury. Never more openly hither to come

'gainst every foe, your new-tarred ship,
your bark on the sand, till back o'er the water
the vessel with twisted neck shall bear

have shield-men attempted; nay, and ye knew to the Weder-march the man beloved.

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"We are of race of the Geats' nation, and hearth-erjoyers of Hygelae. Well known to nations was my father, a noble chieftain, Eegtheow named; abode many winters ere he departed old from his courts; nigh every sage thro' the wide earth remembers him well. We in kindness of feeling have come to seek thy lord, the son of Healfdene, the folk-defender. Be a kind informant. We have a great errand to the illustrious lord of the Danes. Naught shall be secret whereof my thought is. Thou knowest whether it be in sooth as we have heard say, that with the Scyldings I know not what

wretch,

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if relief from evil should ever come and that care-welling calmer grow. Else he ever after oppression will suffer, a time of trouble, while standeth there in its high place the noblest of houses." Then spake the warder, astride of his horse, the officer fearless: "Between these two should a sharp shield-warrior who thinketh well the difference know-'tween words and works. This band. I hear, is a friendly one to the Seyldings' lord. Pass ye on with weapons and weeds, I will direct you. Likewise will I give to my fellow

liegemen orders in honor to keep,

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To such a warrior shall it surely be given the rush of war to escape from whole.

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Then they set forth; the vessel still bode firm in her berth, the wide-bosomed ship, at anchor fast. A boar's likeness sheen bove their cheeks they bore, adorned with gold;

stained and fire-hardened, it held life in ward.* In warlike mood the men hastened on. descended together, until the well-timbered hall they might see, adorned all with gold. Unto earth's dwellers that was the grandest

of houses 'neath heav'n, where the ruler abode; 310

the light of it shone over many lands. To them then the warrior pointed out clearly the proud one's court, that they might thither take their way; then did the warrior turn his steed and speak these words:

"Tis time for me to go on my way. May the all-ruling Father with honor hold you safe in your fortunes. I will back to the sea, ward to keep against hostile bands.”

VI. THE ARRIVAL AT HEOROT

The street was stone-paved, the path gave guidance

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to the men in a body; the war-byrnie shone, hard, hand-locked; the ringed iron bright sang in their gear, as they to the hall in their arms terrific came striding on. Their ample shields, their flint-hard bucklers, the sea-weary set 'gainst the mansion's wall, then stooped to the benches; their byrnies rang, the war gear of men. In a sheaf together the javelins stood, the seamen's arms, ash-wood, grey-tipped. These ironclad men were weaponed well.

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Then a proud chief asked these sons of conflict concerning their lineage: "Whence do ye bear your plated shields and grey sarks hither, your visor-helms and heap of war-shafts? I am Hrothgar's servant and messenger. Never saw I strangers so many and proud. I ween that ye out of pride, of greatness of soul, and not for exile, have sought Hrothgar." Him then answered the famed for valor; the Weders' proud lord, bold 'neath his helmet, spake words afterward: "We are Hygelac's table-enjoyers-my name, Beowulf.

I my errand will relate

Boar-images surmounted the helmets.

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to the great lord, son of Healfdene, to thy prince, if he will grant us graciously to greet him here.”’

Wulfgar spake (he was lord of the Wendels; known to many was his spirit,

his valor and wisdom): "I will therefore ask the Danes' friend, lord of the Scyldings, mighty prince and ring-distributor, about thy voyage, as thou requestest, and make quickly known the answer that the prince thinks fit to give me.

He then went quickly where Hrothgar sat, old and gray, among his earls;

the brave chief stood before the shoulders
of the Danes' lord-he knew court-usage.
Wulfgar spake to his friendly lord:
"Hither are borne, come from afar
o'er ocean's course, people of the Geats.
Beowulf these sons of conflict

name their chief. They make petition
that they may hold with thee, my lord,
words of converse. Decree not, Hrothgar,
denial of the boon of answer.
Worthy seem they, in their war-gear,
of earls' esteem-at least the chieftain
who has led the warriors hither."

VII. HROTHGAR'S WELCOME

Hrothgar spake, the Scyldings' shield: "Lo, I knew him when he was a boy. His old father was named Ecgtheow, to whom in his home gave Hrethel the Geat his only daughter. Now his offspring bold comes hither, has sought a kind friend. For sea-farers-they who bore gift-treasures unto the Geats gratuitously

were wont to say of him, the war-famed,

that he the might of thirty men

has in his hand-grip. Holy God

hath in his mercies sent him to us,

to the West Danes, as I hope,

'gainst Grendel's horror. For his daring,
to the good chief gifts I'll offer.
Be thou speedy, bid these kinsmen,
assembled together, come in to see me.
Say moreover they are welcome

guests to the Danes. [Then to the hall-door
Wulfgar went.] He announced the words:
"My victor-lord, O prince of the East Danes,
bids me tell you he knows your nobleness;
that, boldly striving over the sea-billows,
ye come to him hither welcome guests.
Now ye may go in your war-accoutrements,
'neath martial helm, Hrothgar to see.
Let your battle-boards, spears, and shafts,
here await the council of words."'

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360 Grendel's doings became clearly known. Sea-farers say that this most excellent house doth stand, for every warrior, useless and void when the evening light under heaven's serenity is concealed. Then, prince Hrothgar, did my people, the most excellent men, sagacious, counsel me that I should seek thee, because they knew the might of my craft. Themselves beheld-when I came from their

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the jotun-race ravaged, and slew on the billows nickers by night; distress I suffered, avenged the Weders (they had had misery), crushed the fell foe. And now against Grendel, that miserable being, will I hold council, alone with the giant.

"Of thee now, therefore,

lord of the bright Danes, Scyldings' protector, will I make this one petition:

now that I come so far, deny not,

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O patron of warriors, friend of people, that I alone with my band of earls, with this bold company, may purge Heorot. I have learned this, that the demon-like being in his heedlessness recketh not of weapons. I then will disdain (so may Hygelac, my liege lord, be to me gracious of mood) to bear a sword or round yellow shield into the battle; but shall with the enemy grip and grapple, and for life contend, foe against foe. And he whom death taketh there shall trust in the doom of the Lord. "I ween that he, if he may prevail, will fearlessly eat, in the martial hall, the Geat's people, as oft he has done the Hrethmen 's1 forces. Thou wilt not need to shroud my head, for he will have me, stained with gore, if death shall take me;

1 the Danes

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IX. HUNFERTH'S TAUNT. THE REPLY Hunferth spake, the son of Ecglaf,

will bear off my bloody corse to feast on it;
lonely, will eat it without compunction;
will mark out my moor-mound. Thou wilt not who sat at the feet of the Scyldings' lord,

need

care to take for my body's disposal.
If the conflict take me, send to Hygelac
this best of battle-coats shielding my breast,
of vests most excellent; 'tis Hrædla's legacy,
Weland's work. Fate goes aye as it must."

VIII. HROTHGAR'S LAMENT Hrothgar spake, the Seyldings' shield: "For battles thou, my friend Beowulf, and for honor, us hast sought.

Thy father fought in the greatest feud:
he was of Heatholaf the slayer,
with the Wylfings, when the Weder-Geats
for fear of war-feud might not harbor him.
Thence he sought, o'er the rolling waves,
the South Danes' folk, the noble Scyldings,
when first I ruled the Danish people
and in my youth held spacious realms,
the hoard-burg of heroes.

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unloosed his malice. To him was the voyage
of the bold sailor, Beowulf, a great displeasure,
because he grudged that another man
should ever 'neath heaven more glories hold
of this middle-earth, than he himself.
"Art thou the Beowulf who strove with
Breca

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on the wide sea, in a swimming-strife, where ye from pride tempted the floods, and, for foolish vaunt, in the deep water ventured your lives? Nor might any man, either friend or foe, restrain you from 460 the perilous voyage, when seaward ye swam with arms outspread o'er the ocean-stream, measured the sea-ways, smote with your hands, o'er the main glided. With winter's fury the ocean-waves boiled; for a sennight ye toiled on the water's domain. He conquered thee swimming;

Dead was Heregar,

he had more strength. At morningtide then the sea bore him up to the Heathoramas,

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my elder brother, son of Healfdene,passed from the living; he was better than I. whence he sought, beloved of his people, his country dear, the Brondings' land, his fair, peaceful burgh, where a people he owned,

Later, that quarrel I settled with money; over the water's back old treasures

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I sent to the Wylfings: he swore to me oaths. "Sorry am I in my mind to say

to any man what Grendel has wrought me in Heorot with his hostile designs,

a burgh and treasures. All his boast to thee
the son of Beanstan truly fulfilled.
Worse of thee, therefore, now I expect-

what swift mischiefs done. My courtiers are though everywhere thou hast excelled in grim

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in martial exploits-if thou to Grendel darest near abide for a night-long space.' Beowulf spake, Ecgtheow's son:

480"Well, my friend Hunferth, drunken with

to the horrors of Grendel. Yet God may easily
turn from his deeds the frenzied spoiler.
Oft have promised the sons of conflict,
with beer drunken, over the ale-cup,
that they in the beer-hall would await
with sharp sword-edges Grendel's warfare.
Then at morning, when the day dawned,
this princely mead-hall was stained with gore,
all the bench-floor with blood besteamed,
the hall with sword-blood: I owned the fewer
of dear, faithful nobles, whom death destroyed.
Sit now to the feast, and joyfully think
of victory for men, as thy mind may incite."' 490
For the sons of the Geats then, all together,
in the beer-hall a bench was cleared.
There the strong-souled went to sit,
proudly rejoicing; a thane did duty,
who bare in his hand the ale-cup bedecked,
poured the bright liquor. Clear rose the glee-
man's

song in Heorot. There was joy of warriors,
a noble band of Danes and Weders.

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Then we together were in the sea

a five night's space, till it drove us asunder. Weltering waves, coldest of tempests,

2 The divine smith, or Vulcan, of northern legend. | cloudy night, and the fierce north wind

grimly assaulted us; rough were the billows. The rage of the sea-fishes was aroused. Then my body-sark, hard and hand-locked, afforded me help against my foes;

my braided war-shirt lay on my breast, with gold adorned. A speckled monster drew me to bottom, a grim one held me fast in his grasp. Yet was it granted that with the point I reached the creature, with my war-falchion. A deadly blow, dealt by my hand, destroyed the sea-beast.

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Then was rejoiced the treasure-distributor; hoary-locked, war-famed, the bright Danes' lord trusted in succor; the people's shepherd from Beowulf heard his steadfast resolve. 560 There was laughter of men, the din resounded, words were winsome. Wealhtheow came forth, Hrothgar's queen; mindful of courtesy,

X. THE QUEEN'S GREETING. GLEE IN HEOROT "Thus frequently me my hated foes fiercely threatened; but I served them with my dear sword as it was fitting. Not of that gluttony had they joy, foul destroyers, to sit round the feast near the sea-bottom and eat my body; but in the morning, with falchions wounded,

up they lay among the shore-drift,

the gold-adorned greeted the men in the hall. First then the woman, high-born, handed the cup to the East-Danes' country's guardian, bade him be blithe at the beer-drinking,

put to sleep by the sword; so that ne'er after dear to his people. He gladly partook of stopt they the way for ocean-sailers

over the surge. Light came from the east, God's bright beacon, the seas grew calm, so that the sea-nesses I might see, windy walls. Fate often saves an undoomed man when his valor avails. "Yes, 'twas my lot with sword to slay nickers nine. I have heard of no harder struggle by night 'neath heaven's vault, nor of man more harried in ocean-streams. Yet with life I escaped from the grasp dangers,

aweary of toil. Then the sea bore me, the flood with its current, the boiling fiords, to the Finns' land.

"Now never of thee

have I heard tell such feats of daring, such falchion-terrors. Ne'er yet Breca at game of war, nor either of you, so valiantly performed a deed

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the feast, and the hall-cup, battle-famed king. Round then went the dame of the Helmings1

on every side, among old and young, costly cups proffered, till came occasion that she, the high-minded, ring-adorned queen the mead-cup bore unto Beowulf.

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She greeted the lord of the Geats, thanked

God,

sagacious in words, that her wish had befallen, of that she in any warrior might trust

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with shining swords (thereof I boast not),
tho' thou of thy brothers wast murderer,
of thy chief kinsmen, wherefore in hell
shalt thou suffer damnation, keen tho' thy wit
be.

In sooth I say to thee, son of Ecglaf,
that never had Grendel, the fiendish wretch,
such horrors committed against thy prince,
such harm in Heorot, were thy spirit,
thy mind, as war-fierce as thou supposest.
But he has found that he need not greatly
care for the hatred of your people,

for comfort 'gainst crimes. He took the cup, the warrior fierce, from Wealhtheow's hand, and then made speech, eager for battle,Beowulf spake, the son of Ecgtheow:

"I resolved, when I went on the main with my warrior-band and sat in the seaboat, that I would wholly accomplish the will of your people in this, or bow in death, fast in the foe's grasp. I shall perform deeds of valor, or look to find

here in this mead-hall my last day."

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the fell sword-strength of the victor-Scyldings.*

The epithet appears to be ironical. It is noteworthy that Hrothgar takes it all in good part.

adorned with gold, to sit by her lord.
Within the hall then again as before
were bold words spoken-the people's joy
the victor folk's clamor-up to the moment

1 Name of the queen's family.
"In this speech," says Dr. J. R. C. Hall, "in
less than fourscore passionate lines, we have
rude and outspoken repartee, proud and un-
blushing boast, a rapid narrative, Munchausen
episodes, flashes of nature, a pagan proverb,
a bitter taunt, a reckless insult to the Dan-
ish race, a picture of a peaceful time to
come."

when Healfdene's son was fain to go to his evening rest. He knew that conflict awaited the monster in the high hall so soon as they might no longer see the sun's light, and o'er all murk night, the shadow-helm of men, came creeping, dusk under heaven. The company rose. Hrothgar then paid Beowulf reverenceone hero the other-and bade him hail, gave him command of the wine-hall and said: "Never since hand and shield I could raise, have I before entrusted to any

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650 gave woven victory,* to the Weders' people comfort and succor, so that they all

the hall of the Danes, save now to thee. Have now and hold this best of houses; be mindful of glory, show mighty valor, keep watch for the foe. No wish shall be lacking 660 if thou from this venture escape with thy life."

XI. BEOWULF'S VIGIL

Then Hrothgar departed, the Scyldings' protector,

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Then came from the moor, under the misthills,

Grendel stalking; he bare God's anger. The wicked spoiler thought to ensnare many a man in the lofty hall.

out of the hall with his band of warriors;
the martial leader would seek his consort,
Wealhtheow the queen. The glory of kings
had set against Grendel, as men have heard tell,
a hall-ward; he held a special office
about the Dane-prince, kept guard 'gainst the the gold-hall of men, he readily saw,

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He strode 'neath the clouds until the winehouse,

richly adorned. Nor was that time

the first that Hrothgar's home he had sought: but ne'er in his life, before nor since, found he a bolder man or hall-thanes.

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So then to the mansion the man bereft of joys came journeying; soon with his hands undid the door, tho' with forged bands fast; the baleful-minded, angry, burst open the mansion's mouth. Soon thereafter the fiend was treading the glittering floor, paced wroth of mood; from his eyes started a horrid light, most like to flame. He in the mansion saw warriors many, a kindred band, together sleeping, fellow-warriors. His spirit exulted. The fell wretch expected that ere day came he would dissever the life from the body of each, for in him the hope had risen of a gluttonous feast. Yet 'twas not his fate that he might more of the race of men eat after that night. The mighty kinsman of Hygelac watched how the wicked spoiler would proceed with his sudden grasping. Nor did the monster mean to delay; for he at the first stroke quickly seized

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*This is a characteristic Northern figure, as well as Greek; but it is not Christian. An interesting expansion of it may be found in Gray's poem of The Fatal Sisters.

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