all men of sense, and in this manner the merit which your might acquire, by gratify. ing yourselves to march against the enemy of our native country, is undone.-Valiant Spaniards, be therefore calm, and prepare for honourable combat. Let us all endeavour to perfect the vast plan which has been formed to attack the frontiers of our usurper.The voice of reason has dictated to me these observations, and, as commander in chief, I tell you, that I give you my word, that the French shall not shift the flag, or at least not hoist theirs; any other measure would bring numerous misfortunes over ourselves. Attempt nothing, because you would disconcert my plan; I have already taken my measures, and within twenty-four hours you shall witness the favourable consequences, which we all desire.

Address of General MORI.A, at Cadiz, May

30, 1808.

BELOVED SPANIARDS.-The Deputy of the people, whom I empowered personally to treat with General Rosilly on the present circumstances, having discharged his trust, I now proceed to acquaint you with the result. This gentleman has given me a very minute account of the conferences which he had with the said general; the most important point of which is, that, supposing no formal rupture to have as yet taken place, the same treatment ought to be continued towards persons belonging to the French nation, as they have hitherto experienced, until Napoleon shall have given his decision on the prayer addressed to him, to restore to us our august sovereign, Ferdinand VII.; the nation universally demands him; ready to shed the last drop of blood in defence of this cause, and declaring that in order to obtain the restoration of our said sovereign, leave should be given to his ships, which are lying in this bay to depart.-We have nothing to fear from this squadron; on the contrary, by the change of position made by our fleet, it is surrounded in such a manner, that it must be ours, if the reasonable proposal which has been made, should be rejected.-Under these circumstances, my dear countrymen, I only charge you to ob serve strict subordination to the chief, whom you shall elect: because I shall this instant resign my place, if you do not judge me fit to command you; but if you renew the election, and leave me in the post which I occupy, I alone have to command; no parson is to prescribe conditions to me, and no person shall demand of me hazardous ac、 Lions, which would merely tend to the dismemberment of the nation, and in some measures to frustrate the vast plan, which I

have already announced to you.-But should you still entertain the least apprehensions on account of the small number of French ships, which so much engage your attention, recollect, that we have already with one voice proclaimed our firm determination not to obey any other sovereign than Ferdinand VII. and that no advantage or opposition can ever induce us to violate that obligation. And should on the other hand indignation against the crews of the said ships urge you on to vindictive proceedings, bear in mind that you would thereby unavoidably necasion the loss of 25,000 of your countrymen, who are in the north, and above all expose the life of our sovereign Ferdinand VII. who is in a worse situation than the said few ships, and whose life is so valuable to us, that we are determined to fight for him.Do not, therefore, harbour any mistaken notion, and rest satisfied, that if you act as Spaniards, I shall never separate my destiny from that of Spain-" To die or conquer," my motto: let no other resound in your breast.

is

Account of the first Battle between the Spanish Patriots and the French, published by the Supreme Board of Government at Seville. June 8, 1808.

For the satisfaction of the public, that all may know the real extent of the kind of misfortune which has befallen our troops, and that it entirely arises from this circumstance, that the troops, composed of inhabitants, did not fight so bravely as they ought to have done, since, had they acquitted themselves properly, the French army would have been completely destroyed, and that the people may thereby be excited to wipe off this trifling blot from their scutcheon by their ardor and steadiness in the field. This supreme board of government, orders the publication of the two following letters, one of which is from an officer commanding the van, confidently expecting and enjoining every one for the safety of the country, to display, in such actions as may be fought for the future the discipline, vigour, and steadiness, which have ever been characteristic of true Spaniards, and which are so necessary under the existing critical circumstanc when they become an imperious duty.

MOST SERENE SIR, - The Rev. Anthony Cebreros, thony Cebreros, a clergyman, who had at Cordova the management of the tele graph which had just been destroyed, presents himself before the board at three in the morning, and relates that at two in the afternoon the French began to batter and force the New-gate of the said town,

and that the action commenced about four in the morning-All the officers agreeing, that if the armed inhabitants had kept their ground though ever so short a time, no trace would have been left of the French; the troops of the line have distinguished themselves, and more especially their provincial grenadier, and their commandant D. Juan Maria de Morales. The staff, with a considerable part of the army under Echvarri, remained at three in Mango Negro with a great quantity of ammunition and ordnance, one piece of cannon excepted, which is 'said to be left behind in consequence of the carriage having been broken; which account, signed by the said clergyman, is thus laid before your highness for the corresponding purposes. May God, &c. (Signed) -ANTHONY CEEREROS, and D. JOSEPH MARIA ROMORA.

surrender of the French squadron, of five line of battle ships, and one frigate, in the harbour of Cadiz, to the Spanish arms, on the 14th instant on which day the Spanish colours were flying in all the French ships. The particulars of this important and interesting event will, no doubt, be fully communicated to your lordship by lord Collingwood.It is also very satisfactory for me to inform your lordship, that the movement I have made to this quarter, at the request of general Morla, has been attended with the happiest effects. The French troops are retiring in every direction towards Lisbon, except some very insignificant parties left to occupy the different small forts and posts on this side of Portugal. The Portuguese people are rising in all parts, encouraged greatly by our presence here; and the Spanish frontier on the Guadiana is thus effectually secured from any attack of the French.

vour of the enemy, by the precipitate flight of the armed inhabitants, whom I found it impossible to keep in their ranks. The pass of the bridge of Alcolea was gloriously defended, both by our artillery and the brave Lasala, who had under his orders 100 volunteers of Campo Mayor and Provincial Grenadiers. I can assure your highness, the pass cost the enemy upwards of 200 killed or wounded, and that they lost nearly as many in the ren counter with our cavalry. For our part, I will send positive intelligence to your highness as soon as I receive the returns from the respective commandants of corps. In the mean while, from those in my hands, and from what I have seen, I am convinced that the number of both will not amount to thirty. (Signed) PETER AUSTIN DE ECHEVERRA, To his Most Serene Highness Francis de Savedru, and the Supreme Board of Seville.

Letters from Gen. Spencer, Lord Collingwood, Capt. Creyke, and Capt. Digby, relative to the affairs in Spain and Portugal, written to the Secretary of State, and to the Lords of the Admiralty, from the coast of Spain and Portugai, FROM CEN. SPENCER, 17 JUNE, 1808.

My lord,-1 avail myself of the opportunity afforded by the passing of the Nautilus from lord Collingwood to sir Charles Cotton to congratulate your lordship on the

FROM GEN. SPENCER, 21. JUNE, 1808. My lord, The French fleet having sur rendered on the 14th, and the Spanish commissioners having since embarked for England, I beg leave shortly to recapitulate the different events which have led to these de

the present situation of Spain and Portugal, as far as I have obtained correct information.

-The general feelings of the Spaniards had been for some time excited to the ut most degree of indignation at the conduct of the French. The information of the forced renunciation of the crown of Spain by Charles the Fourth, Ferdinand, and all the royal family in favour of Bonaparte, appeared to be the signal of universal opposition to the views of France The council of Seville, one of the principal provincial jurisdictions in Spain have laid hold of some statutes in their constitution, which authorises their rejecting the orders of the supreme council of Ma drid, when that capital shall be in the power of foreign troops. They have therefore as sumed an independent authority in the name of Ferdinand Vil, whom they have proclaimed king; and after some previous steps, they have formally declared war against France, and have appealed to the Spanish nation to support them; and their supre macy has been acknowledged by the councils of several other provinces. In Andalusia they collected from fifteen to twenty thou sand regular troops, and have put arms in the hands of upwards of sixty thousand peasants. General Castaneos is appointed commander in chief; and I understand they propose, out of the first levies, to augment the establishment of the old regiments to

double their present numbers. Provincial assemblies are also forming in most of the large towns, and different depots fixed upon for raising volunteers.They have a proportion of near 4000 cavalry, and a large quantity of artillery,. as Seville is a foundery, and one of the largest depots in Spain. ——All accounts agree, that in every part of Spain the insurrections have commenced almost at the same period; many small detachments of the enemy, and many officers have been cut off. Gen Dupont was on his march to Seville, and had already passed the Morena Mountains, when the insurrection took place. He has pushed on to Cordova, and, by the intercepted dispatches, we learn, he is strengthening himself there, and proposes to wait for reinforcements. In the mean time, the Morena passes in his rear have been occupied by 5000 Spaniards; the road is broken up; and I trust all communication has been cut off. - General D'Alril had received orders to join him at Seville with 4000 men who were to assemble at Alcorentia, but our arrival off Ayamonte, and the arming of all Spain, and the alarms in Portugal, having prevented this movement, I trust that general Junot will not now be able to detach any troops from Portugal, though we understand a French corps have been collected at Elvas, but I do not think it can exceed 4000 men, though the reports of its strength are very various. At Faro the Portuguese have already risen, having taken or destroyed a detachment of about 200 men, have seized the arms and am:munition of the province, which the French had collected in a depot, and also about 40,000 dollars in gold, which the French general had amassed.

LORD COLLINGWOOD, 14TH JUNE, 1808. Sir,-In my letter of the 12th instant, by the Alphea, I informed you that application had been made for a ship to carry to England commissioners appointed by the supreme council of Seville, to treat with his majesty's ministers on such matters as are important to the interest of both coutries. The admiral who commands in the port of Cadiz being one of the deputed, they did not choose he should depart until the surrender of the French ships, which took place this morning.The Spaniards having constructed an additional battery of thirty heavy guns, and numerous gun and bomb vessels having taken their stations, the French ships struck their colours at seven o'clock this morning, and soon after the Spanish were hoisted on board them. The French ships, I understand are not at all injured, as the Spaniards wanted them

for their own use; nor has there been much loss of men on either side. The governor. some days since (and before I came here) requested of Major General Spencer to proceed to Avamante, to oppose a detachment of the French army, which was said to be marching from Portugal by the coast; and yesterday the transports proceeded, under the protection of the Zealous, to that quar ter, where the Windsor Castle had conducted a detachment the day before June 15.-The governor of Cadiz has notified to me, that the commissioners will be ready to embark in two days. As the Revenge has been stationed near the town, where sir John Gore has had much intercourse with the governor and chiefs in command during the late operations, and witnessed the temper and disposition of the people, I have ordered that ship to receive them, that he may give to his majesty's' ministers the information they may desire of what has come within his observation as to the present state of this part of Spain.Applica tion has been made to me this evening by the supreme council of Seville and the governor of Cadiz, to give a passport to a Spanish frigate and foar dispatch vessels, to carry to the several governments and presidencies in the West Indies, information of the events which have happened in Spain, and their instructions to the governors and also that a sloop of war may take out officers, to that country, whose presence there is important; this they urge in preference to their going in a Spanish vessel, as it will convey a proof of their connexion with Great Britain.

CAPT. CREYKE, 20TH JUNE, 1809. Sir-Since the account I had the honour of delivering to you on the 10th June, Oporto has undergone two revolutions, and has been successively in the hands of the French and the subjects of the Frince Regent. After the Spaniards had delivered the forts into the custody of the Portuguese, and the national colours were every where hoisted, the French were again able to establish their authority, in consequence of the weak and undetermined measures of the governor, Louis d'Oliveira, who is now confined as a traitor, and maintained it till the 16th, the day of Corpus Christi, a great national festival, when. it had been usual for the Portuguese regi ments to attend with colours flying. The governor, d'Oliveira, in consequence of orders from Junot, attempted to establish the French flag instead of the Portuguese at the procession. This violent attack on the national custom drew forth the murmurs of the populace to so great a degree, that an attempt to compromise on the part of the go

vernor had no effect; and on the 18th, in the evening, the day before my arrival here, they were excited to such a degree of fury, that, countenanced by the priests, the people rose en masse, broke open the depots, and supplied themselves with 25,000 stand of arms, and, together with the regulars, formed a most determined and enthusiastic army. From this moment all French authority ceased; and every man, either French, or suspected of being inclined to French interest, was arrested.-The bishop of Oporto was elected as the new governor, and an army of 20,000 men sent to meet the French, who had advanced, to the amount of 900, within six leagues of Oporto, The enthusiasm has communicated from one to the other, and the Portuguese provinces of Tralos, Montes, Minho, and the northern part of Beira, in imitation of the Spaniards have risen in arms, determined to extirpate the French from their kingdom. From the most moderate accounts, besides what are at Oporto, I may estimate them at upwards of 100,000 men. All the regular regiments disbanded by the French are forming again with the greatest alacrity, and will soon join them. I have this day had an interview with his excellency the governor, conducted to him amid the shouts and huzzas of the populace. To-morrow I send a party of men to mount the guns of a large Brazil ship, the command of which is given to an Englishman, and destined as a floating battery to defend the bridge, in case the French should have the temerity to approach, though such an event is not to be apprehended. If any requisition is made for powder, I shall comply with it, but they have at present abundance of arms, ammunition, and provisions. The detestation of the Portuguese to the French is so great, that capt. Jones and myself, after having begged the life of the French intendant of police had the greatest difficulty in conveying him a prisoner to the boat, and the unbounded love and respect to the English alone prevented the enraged populace from tearing him to pieces.

CAPT. DIGBY, 25th JUNE, 1808. My lord;-The last opportunity I had of writing to your lordship, I acquainted you of my intention of going to St. Audero immediately, and afford every assistance in my power to the loyal inhabitants, and bring off any British subjects that might wish to come away in the present uncertain state of the country; and I had intelligence that the French frigate in Passage, accompanied by several gunboats, was expected to make a descent on that part of the coast. Owing to the strong easterly winds and long calms, I

did not get there till the 21st. The signal post displayed a flag of truce, which was answered by both ships. The captain of the port, Don Vincento Camino, came on board; he told us the French ariny were soon expected to make an attack on the pass in the mountains that guarded the approach to the town; he invited us to anchor in Sardenero Bay, which we did at 5 p. m.; until he had made his report to the bishop, who was the present governor, he wished us not to land. No boat returning by one o'clock the next day, I concluded some sudden attack or unexpected event must have taken place. In the afternoon a brig came out of the harbour, full of people of all descriptions, who had left the town on the report that the French were advancing. I immediately got under way, and sent capt. Daly of the Comet up the harbour, to gain some confirmed intelligence, and, should the report prove true, to reconnoitre the fort, and find out where the principal magazine was, and if it was possible to destroy it. Between 8 and 9p m. capt. Daly returned with certain information that the French troops had gained the pass, and had halted only a few miles from the town, and were expected to enter that night or next day. Capt. Daly also made every possible observation, and had himself spiked the guns in two forts near the town, and he requested to go and destroy the magazine, and the guns in the forts that guard the entrance of the harbour. I should certainly have sent the boats that night, but the great chance of their being taken by surprise, should the enemy advance, and the night being very dark and squally, with every appearance of bad weather, made me defer it till the next morning. At daylight we stood into the bay, and manned and armed two boats from each ship, under the orders of capt. Daly; he was accompanied by lieut. H. M. Herbert, of the Cossack, and lieute nant Read, of the Royal Marines, and seve ral of the younger officers, who all volunteered their services; they left this ship soon after 6 o'clock, and landed about 8, spiked all the guns in Fort Salvador d'Ano, and Fort Sedra, and wedged shot in the chambers of them, which renders them quite useless; the magazine was at some little distance, and had 500 whole barrels of powder in it, besides quantities of other stores; all which were completely destroyed, great part by throwing it over the cliffs into the sea, leaving sufficient to blow up the magazine; the train was laid for a considerable distance, and it was let off about 10 o'clock, which instantly levelled the whole building to the ground finding some more powder in Fort

Sedra, a train was laid to it, which took effect, and blew part of the house and storehouse in it up; the two other forts on the west side of the bay they could not attempt, as the surf was so high it was impossible to land, and to walk round was too far from the boats, asthey had not a moment to spare: having heard before they set fire to the first train, that the French bad entered the town, and they expected a strong guard at the forts, the boats left the shore by 11 o'clock, and had just got round the point of De Ano, when a considerable body of French dragoons appeared on the hill, and took post near the smoking ruins of the magazine. I am sorry to say, capt. Daly, and lieut. Read, of the marines, are much scorched, particularly lieut. Read, in setting fire to the last train; but am happy to find his eyes are safe, and is doing well. Capt. Daly speaks in high commendation of the zeal and exertion of every officer and man employed with him.

Address to the Galicians. Spaniards!-You have no other alternative! You must either clank your chains in infamous slavery, or fight bravely for your liberty. The monster of France has determined to tyranize over our independence, by expedients more detestable than any yet disclosed in the history of mankind. His infamy is discovered, his treachery is exposed, and our suspicions are confirmed by the plunder of the sacred person of our sovereign. Ah! complicated misery! the butcher will bathe his hands in the blood of our king, if Ferdinand be not rescued by our valour! Shall we permit this public robber to execute his base purposes upon our prince? Shall we allow his banditti, unresisted, to rob our houses, outrage our families, and bear off the holy vessels of our religion, crimes which have been already perpetrated in Portugal ?-Spani ards! this is the cause of the Omnipotent God. It must be supported, or your names must be transmitted with infamy to all future generations. Under the hallowed standard of religion, our ancestors gave freedom to the soil, opposed by the multitudinous hosts of Mahomet; and shall we fear to meet a confused crowd of detested atheists, led by the avowed protector of the infidel Jew? If we abandon the field of battle and of glory, our venerable fathers, those heroes who shed their blood for the extirpation of Ishmael, will lift up their heads from the sepulchre, will upbraid us for our cowardice, and will disown us for their offspring.The tyrants of France, of Italy, and of other nations of the conti ment, those common enemies of humanity,

thrown up by the waves of Corsica, are the same that deluded our young Ferdinand, seduced him by idle promises, and proclaimed him the sovereign of our monarchy. Commencing with this deception, when they had blown up the flames of discord among the members of the royal family, they took advantage of their situation and imprisoned them. By the same intrigues and falsehood, they designed to have enslaved the whole of the Spanish nation'; and for this purpose, they endeavoured to attract within their toils, your strength, your valour and your fidelity. It is true, that a few base born wretches, unworthy of their country, have a short time since submitted to their authority, in the way which other faithless and cowardly Frenchmen yield to their proud superiors. These, countrymen, are not the illustrious and generous Gauls, who assist this tyrant in the abominable schemes of his perfidy. His minions are extracted from the most degraded of his conquered countries, and the established principle of their leader is the extermination of those, who, by the sacrifice of their blood, accelerate the projects of his wild ambition.Are you ignorant, that by the same impulse he has been guided towards our brothers and companions, wishing to blend them with his vile, unhallowed, and manacled slaves, which have betrayed Spain?Noble Galicians, learned priests, pious Christians, natives of this happy soil! you will be the first to throw off the yoke imposed by this vile rabble. You are the honoured depositories of the sacred remains of the apostle St. James, the patron of Spain. You are decorated with the awful trophies of the most Holy Sacrament, which adorn our standards you will discharge your duty: you will not fear the hostile bands which lay waste our country to the utmost boundary of a Pyrennean frontier. Fly, then, to arms; let the other provinces unite under the blessed auspices of your fidelity, and of your canonized patron. Raise high your invincible standards, and, confident of success, hasten to the field of battle and of victory, for by such means, alone, you can secure your liberty, and protect yourselves from dishonourable chains. Regulations for calling forth the People, issued by the Supreme Council at Seville. 6th June, 1808.

Don Ferdinand VII. King of Spain and the Indies, and in his name the supreme council of government of both.---The defence of the country and the king, and the happiness and prosperity of the people, has been and will ever be the sole aim of this supreme council; which to attain that end,