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were caught by a tempest, which our farmer says, somewhat in the style of old Stannyhurst, was accompanied with 'loudsounding, crackling, rattling, crashing thunder;' and with 'blue forked lightning which might almost be handled, and which the captain called: "double-twisted ropy." The vessel reached Charleston, however, in safety, where he washed off his marine impurities' in a warm-bath, and hurried away to take a walk. He immediately felt strongly impressed with the respectable, happy and healthy appearance of the slaves, with which the city seemed to swarm.' I have now,' says he, six or seven males and as many females, in constant attendance,' all quite happy. Troubles, however, soon came thick upon him; the first night, he was horribly bitten by mosquitoes; the next, a gentleman was stabbed by a Spaniard at the theatre; and almost every day, robberies, burglaries and attempts at murder disgraced and alarmed the city. One morning a poor fellow was found lying in the street in a hot broiling sun, 110° by the thermometer,' with both legs broken, and dreadfully bruised, having been robbed of all he had. He had lain there all night, equally unnoticed by the nightly watch and the open day humanity of the citizens; and had not an old Prussian colonel offered a dollar to have him removed as a nuisance, he would have been suffered to roast and be devoured by flies.' (p. 46.)

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These were by no means agreeable occurrences; but worse remains behind.' At the tavern where he lodged was a crackbrained colonel who, desirous of fighting a sea captain, prevailed on our farmer to be his second, which he seems not at all to have relished a meeting was fixed for the following morning, but his principal had cooled and fled. This young gentleman,” (a duellist by profession,) 'naturally witty and highly gifted, has married and abandoned three wives, and yet is only twenty-two years of age!' He must be awfully smart. At the same tavern were two Germans, one a Jew, the other a quack-doctor; they had a quarrel about a horse; and as no quarrel in Charleston can be settled without a brace of pistols or rifles, the two combatants waited upon our farmer, requesting that he would make a duel' between them. He declined, he says, turning manufacturer of duels; and, indeed, a friend had somewhat alarmed him by the information that, not long before, a company of thirteen persons met together at the very same tavern, eleven of whom had each killed his man. We shall not repeat the many murderous stories which were told to Mr. Faux, and from which he is led to conclude, somewhat oddly, that the point of honour is maintained in high perfection' in America. 'A scoundrel,' he says,' who has cheated his creditors, if reproached with it, calls out his man and

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kills him if he can.'. The high perfection' of duelling, as we collect it from the farmer's pages, is to go out with rifles-not to satisfy the point of honour,' but to gratify revenge.

Mr. Faux visited the University, of which a Dr. Maxwell is at the head.

There are here 125 students, who are very disorderly, frequently disturbing congregations on the Sunday, because the doctor is too idle to preach, and thereby keep them together. Saw several of these learned young gentlemen stretched on a table, with their learned legs carelessly hanging out of their chamber windows, which seemed nearly all broken. Want of discipline is here too palpable, but there is no lack of whiskey.'-p. 54.

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In this want of discipline' originates that insolent demeanour, that impatience of controul, that majesty of freedom,' as the 'Constitutional Librarian' calls it, which are mistaken for tokens of high-minded independence. Boys,' says Mr. Faux, look grave, and talk, act and dress like men-they fear nothing, care for nothing, and never blush.' The once notorious Joseph Lancaster expected to make a fortune by the instruction of youth in this free and independent republic, where no questions would be asked him on the subject of religion. Mr. Faux met him at Baltimore, sinking fast into poverty and contempt, and teaching a few small children.'

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Our farmer next visited the supreme court, and thought the speeches of the lawyers' jargon and little short of nonsense.? Two men were sentenced to die; one for the murder of a white man, and the other for stealing a negro. A man,' says Mr. Faux, 'may here murder a negro almost with impunity, or by paying a paltry fine to the state; but if he steals one, he must be hanged for it. About three weeks ago, a gentleman planter caused one of his slaves, a strong fellow, to be whipped to death for stealing; the owner and the executioners were all drunk, which is here admitted as a sufficient excuse for murder.'

Though many of the planters treat their slaves well, and allow them as much indulgence as is consistent with their situation, yet negroes being, in the eye of American law, a degraded class, and denied the enjoyment of equal rights, their well-being is entirely dependent on the personal character of their owner; and however humane their treatment may be, we cannot agree with farmer Faux in his conclusion, which, after the terrible stories of more than brutal cruelty which he has laid before us, we should rather have expected from Mr. Tell Harris or Miss Wright, that their condition in any, much less in many, respects is better than that of the paupers in his native land. In Charleston not only the negroes, but all who have the least tinge of colour, are con

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sidered as degraded beings; the ladies, Mr. Faux says, will not look at a dark man, lest he should have a dash of black blood in him. A black man, even though free and wealthy, is not allowed: here to ride his own horses, or use his own carriage, but may let them out for hire; nor can he remain abroad after ten at night, when the sentinels go round and clear the streets of all men, women or children stained with negro blood. This regulation may be necessary; it is a trifle compared with what follows.

"The Carolinians keep and train up large dogs for hunting and finding runaway or concealed negroes, who are easily scented and found by them, if they be in the woods. The mode of training is thus: set a young negro daily to strike a pup, and then run from it. This is dogtraining. My cousin, Captain H. Rugeley, in my presence, ordered a young negro to strike a half-grown cur, which immediately seized the boy, who was worried a little for my amusement and instruction. Hence these dogs, though generally docile and gentle to well-dressed whites, instantly seize on any strange black man who approaches the plantation, just as an English greyhound flies upon a hare.'-pp. 115, 116.

Nor is this all-but our heart sickens at the horrid detail, and we can go no farther.

We were somewhat amused with the following memorandum, though we cannot much commend the delicacy of the disclosure. Sunday, 22. Slept at the captain's'-the cousin mentioned in the last extract; (for Mr. Faux finds relations everywhere in Ame rica, the adopted country, as he calls it, of his dearest friends)— 'a good bed, curtainless, alongside the one in which the captain himself, and lady, and children slept, all in one room, the only one in the house, with a fine negro wench, on the floor, at my feet. Thus patriarchally did I and my cousins dress and undress, talk and sleep. What lovely simplicity"! (p. 64.) Ah, Farmer Faux, ―we suspect you to be something of a wag after all. The 'patriarchs,' however, take our word for it, never slept in this way. But we forgive you, and should have forgiven you, had you slept with ten fine negro wenches at your feet, instead of one, for the noble stand you made against hypocrisy and brutality in the scene which follows:

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Mr. Faux had the misfortune to be present at the digging up of the body of a slave, who had been wantonly whipped to death, and buried privately, by the hands of his master. Indignant at such an atrocious deed, and determined to expose it, he procured all the particulars of the horrid transaction, which he published in a Letter, signed with his name, in the Charleston Courier. The same day he received a message from the Governor, desiring him to wait on the Attorney General, to make an affidavit of the facts

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he had stated. He accordingly waited on Mr. Attorney General, who, after a short lecture on the imprudent step he had taken, as 'staining the character of South Carolina,' asked him if he could give personal evidence? Having replied in the negative, the visit ended by the Attorney General promising to get Kelly (the perpetrator of the murder) indicted;-but the learned gentleman has not yet redeemed his promise.

This Letter, as might be supposed, brought all Charleston about his ears; among others he was assailed in the street, and in no small risk of being stung by a Mr. Bee, who catechized him rather rudely:-'this tart republican defender of slavery seemed disposed,' he says, to quarrel with me, but I declined his invitation; upon which he exclaimed, Go and do justice to injured Carolina!'-(p. 79.) Judge King, (whose Scottish name of Kinggo had been thus euphonized, as it smacked a little negroish,) and indeed all his friends, regretted his imprudence, and cautioned him against being out in the evening' take care of yourself, for dirking is the fashion.' This state of irritation in a free country, for the exposure of a simple fact, this ‘dirking,' and 'duelling,' and 'frequent funerals,' and 'frogs innumerable,' did not quite suit the taste of our farmer, and he therefore took an early opportunity of bidding a willing adieu and final farewel to Charleston city, and to all its bugs, mosquitoes, negroes and alligators, and a race of people, many of whom seem not much better than they.'

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Our traveller says little of Philadelphia, which he visited while the roaring of cannon, the ringing of bells, and a thousand joyous sounds were announcing brother Jonathan's immortal festival,' the anniversary of his independence, which fell out this year (1819) on a Sunday. He was pleased, however, with the roastbeef at Judd's hotel, which he thought equal to that of old England. The appearance, too, of the negroes gratified him; one might see, he says, that they were free and happy, in their faces and their erect statures, which had nothing negro-like in them except the colour. He found, however, that all was suspicion and mistrust among the people of Philadelphia; and his love of the place was not increased by being told that the high sheriff of the state of Delaware had been obliged to perform the duty of Jack Ketch, and hang his own nephew, for the murder of his own mother, the sheriff's sister.-p. 423.

Arrived at Baltimore, Mr. Faux again found himself in negroland, surrounded by all the comforts of slavery; all was homage and black attention; he was now quite satisfied of the truth of what an honest quaker told him, that, if blindfold, one might tell when entering a slave state. I can smell them,' says he, the

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moral air is putrid.' In Philadelphia I seemed a man, but here a god for negroes to worship.' Having no relish for such adoration, he decamped as speedily as possible in Uncle Sam's Mail' (a cant term for the president, we suppose) for Washington city, that is to be.' Bad land during the whole long journey --all seems exhausted, worn out, rusty, and hung up to dry, or rather to bake, in the sun.'

Every thing is Roman or Grecian at Washington; 'the streets a mile or two in length, with houses a quarter of a mile apart. Little as Philadelphia had proved to his liking, the capital pleased him still less he found, he says, every thing mean, both morally and physically; all the bogs and swamps in and round the city are full of melody, from the big bellowing bull frog, down to the little singing mosquito; while rotten carcases and other nuisances perfume the warm southern breezes.' A common hot day at Washington is thus described.

'The wind southerly, like the breath of an oven; the thermometer vacillating between 90 and 100; the sky blue and cloudless; the sun shedding a blazing light; the face of the land, and every thing upon it, save trees, withered, dusty, baked, and continually heated, insomuch that water would almost hiss on it; the atmosphere swarming with noxious insects, flies, bugs, mosquitoes, and grasshoppers, and withal so drying, that all animal and vegetable life is exposed to a continual process of exhaustion. The breezes, if any, are perfumed by nuisances of all sorts, emptied into the streets, rotting carcases, and the exhalations of dismal swamps, made vocal and alive with toads, lizards, and bellowing bull-frogs. Few people are stirring, except negroes; all faces, save those of blacks, pale, languid, and lengthened with lassitude, expressive of any thing but ease and happiness. Now and then an emigrant or two fall dead at the cold spring, or fountain; others are lying on the floor, flat on their backs; all, whether idle or employed, are comfortless, being in an everlasting steam-bath, and feeling offensive to themselves and others. At table, pleased with nothing, because both vege table and animal food is generally withered, toughened, and tainted; the beverage, tea or coffee, contains dead flies; the beds and bedrooms, at night, present a smothering unaltering warmth, the walls being thoroughly heated, and being withinside like the outside of an oven in continual use. Hard is the lot of him who bears the heat and burthen of this day, and pitiable the fate of the poor emigrant sighing in vain for comforts, cool breezes, wholesome diet, and the old friends of his native land. At midnight, the lightning-bugs and bull-frogs become luminous and melodious. The flies seem an Egyptian plague, and get mortised into the oily butter, which holds them like bird-lime.'-pp. 438, 439.

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He was told that dirking' was as common here as at Charleston, and that gouging still flourished.' He had a specimen too of their roguery, having lent a person of the name of Jones 150 dollars

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