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looked for; but the white was seen dress- | physician affirmed, producing any severe ing [being dressed] in various places.

pam.

PORCELAIN, &c.-The city of Nanchang-foo is famous for shops of Porcelain, and gave us many opportunities of examining splendid vases formed of the finest qua-quency of that disorder among refined lity of this celebrated ware. Many of these were four feet high, and two in their persons of both sexes: the Chinese, howlargest circumference, of various colours, ever, endure it, as is amply witnessed by and covered with an immense number of the round escars on their heads, where raised figures of plants well executed. This these fires have been burnt. It is also emimitation of sculpture was also practised on ployed in liver complaints and internal smaller pieces,as cups, basins, and especially diseases, when expressed by external snuff-bottles. On one of these, whose uneasiness. Pricking the part first with with a lens of ice, are held to be grand a golden pin, and inflaming the Moxa improvements!

surface could not be more than six inches

next publication. In the interim, our opinion and our extracts will, we trust, This is a pretty way to cure nervous recommend a production which has had headachs, and, if introduced into our great losses to overcome, and great diffipractice, might possibly prevent the fre-culties to struggle with; and which is, nevertheless, a very pleasing addition to our stock of useful and entertaining Travels. We should have liked to see the vulgar as well as the Linnean names given in the botanical parts, which are excellent, and ought therefore to be universally intelligible. The geological observations, and those on natural history, are also ed throughout the work as to preclude possessed of much interest, and so diffusour endeavouring to arrange them. There is now and then, our readers will have perceived, a little affectation of technicals in the language; a jelly of millet is "millet rendered gelatinous by immersion in hot water :"-but these are but bagatelles to smile at, and do not depreciate the value of the author's acute and agreeable observations.

TEA.-Mr. Abel is of opinion that the green tea is the leaf of the same shrub with the black, only dried at a lower degree of heat. By far the strongest tea he saw in China, called " Yu-tien," and used on occasions of ceremony, hardly coloured the water. It consisted of the scarcely expanded buds of the plant. He thinks that the plant might be successfully cultivated at the Cape of Good Hope, as all its known habitats are within the temperate zone.

square, the forms of a crowd of Chinese, executed with precision and taste, were beautifully grouped. I have repeatedly seen on articles of this kind a display of skill and accuracy in the delineation of the human form, for which it is not usual to give the Chinese credit. The porcelain most valued by the Chinese, was not, in our eyes, the most beautiful, being covered with lines intersecting each other in all directions, occasioning a cracked appearance on its surface. This is done perhaps to give it the appearance of antiquity, as antique porcelain is in the highest degree valued in China. Some of the representations on the cups and other vessels sold in Nang-chang-foo gave us the lowest opi-ceeds best on the sides of mountains This is an anonymous production of the nion of Chinese sentiments of decency. where there can be but little accumula-Byron school, of considerable poetical tion of soil.

It suc

Although infinitely too gross to admit (of)
any description, they were not only exposed
in the most open manner on the shelves PRINTING.-We cannot pass over a
of the shops, but were handed about by notice of printing, as practised in an
the salesmen as objects of peculiar in-office attached to a library. Nothing
could be more simple :-

terest.

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MEDICINE. The practice of medicine in China is entirely empirical. One of the most On a piece of wood about two feet square, respectable native practitioners, in Canton, carved into the necessary characters, and was entirely destitute of anatomical know-covered with ink, a thin paper was laid, ledge. He was aware of the existence of such viscera as the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys, but had no notion of their real situation, and through some strange perversity placed them all on the wrong side of the body [like Dr. Last.] He, however, made a clear distinction between those local diseases, which can be cured by mere topical applications, and those which can only be acted upon through the medium of the constitution. He had some vague notions of a humoral pathology;-talked of ulcers being outlets to noxious matter, and divided both his diseases and remedies into

THE RECLUSE OF THE PYRENEES. A Poem. Cantos I. II. London 1818. pp. 64.

the

merit. The story is that of a wounded British officer, redeemed from bloody field on the night succeeding a battle in the Pyrenees, by the humanity of a Seigneur, whose solitary habits and seclusion from society give the name to the work. In these two cantos, Mansel, the officer in question, partially penetrates the mystery of the Recluse; but, though there is a denouement to a certain extent, so as to make the present publication almost a whole, an opening left for pursuing the story to a more determinate finale, should the public approbation of what now appears, encourage the author to complete his plan. As our opinions may be gathered as we go along, we shall not stop to offer a general view of the subject.

which having been pressed down by the
hand, received the desired impression. The
use of moveable types in wood is confined
to the printing of the Pekin Gazette, and a
few other periodical works. All others are
printed in stereotype. The use of move-is
able metallic types may perhaps at no
distant period become general in the em-
pire, as a manufactory of them in block tin
is already established at Macao, for the use
of the British factory. The casters and cut-
ters are Chinese, who execute their work
with great precision and dispatch.

The poem opens well:
Helpless he lies, upon his bloody lair,
No comrades' watchful eye to guard him there;
Their hearts are cold, their gallant spirits flown;
And, if indeed he breathe-he breathes alone
The beaming monarch of his earthly mould;
'Tis hard to say if these pale lips still hold
Or have those gaping wounds a passage given,
For the unfettered soul to soar to heaven?

Were we to extract the description of two classes, the hot and cold. The only the filthy feeding of the Chinese, on dogs, general fact ascertained respecting his practice was, that he depended greatly on pur- cats, rats, and offals, in preference to gatives for driving out the heat of the wholesome meat, we should exhaust all body," and for producing a favourable that we intend to copy from Mr. Abel's change on local disorders. Moxa, or work, in as far as " the Celestial Empire," Actual Cautery, is esteemed one of the with its beastly inhabitants, is conmost effectual remedies for local pain. The cerned; but their nastiness in this re- He lives, and, after a dream of conMoxa is prepared by bruising the stems of a spect is so well known, that we need not flict, revives, to encounter the horror of species of artemisia in a mortar, and selecting the softest and most downy fibres. say that in the public market eighteen-being devoured by the wolves which In this state it is applied in small conical pence was equally the price of a cat, a prey upon his slain companions. The masses upon the part affected; the num-pheasant, or four rats! There, however, devastations of this troop are described ber being proportioned to the extent or sewith an eye to the horrid minuteness of verity of the disease. These being set on the lean dogs beneath the wall,' in the fire, instantly consume, without, as the Siege of Corinth. Indeed the imitation

remain a few notices of Manilla, and a
very whimsical account of the Orang-Ou-
tang, which we shall reserve for our

is palpable, and far too close for us to
allow any merit, if merit lie in such a
picture, to the author of the Recluse.

At length a ravening troop of wolves are seen,
Shaggy and gaunt, with eyes of fiery gleam,
Rioting, on their luscious feast they break,
And in purple gore their hot thirst slake;
With foaming jaws the mangled corse they rip,
And from the white firm bone the soft flesh
strip; *

There, o'er a youthful form that mocks at life,
+Gorging, and growling, urge they wrangling

-

strife

And yet they marked he suffered much from | is not only a jingle, but ungrammatical;

pain

But what his secret grief they sought in vain;
His youthful life was all unknown to them:
He came from far, they knew not where or

when

Save that ten years ago a stranger there,
He first began these towers to repair,
Whose falling ruins hastening to decay,
But for that care, ere this had past away.
They mourned that one so good should ever
grieve;

Was it for crime? that they could ne'er believe;
Yet it was strange! for One came with him
there,

Now fill'd and glutted, slow they mumbling Whose lovely smile was antidote to care.

feast,

The victors of the field

By reference to the passages below, it will be seen that the plagiarism here is too direct. We have no objection to bards copying each other, but they ought to acknowledge the original obligations to save themselves from the charge of theft, though perhaps the author thought the notoriety of the present case a sufficient reference. We shall shortly notice another, among several instances of similar imitation; but in the interim proceed with the poem.

The likeness here is so marked, that we need not produce the parallel, and we only notice it to regret that a writer, competent to write so well, should allow his admiration of another to take such possession of his mind as to prevent his differing more from his ideas and style. It is indeed a dangerous thing, if done wilfully, to attempt similar subjects in a similar manner with Lord Byron in the intense poem of Lara. To return to the Recluse: Count Alba, for such is the title of this virtuous Lara, removes Mansel to his castle, and tends his wounds till he is restored to convalescency. With returning health he begins to think on a "Fair One," of whom he had caught a glance on entering the castle. Filled with her idea, he paces the corridor at midnight, surrendering himself to all the phantasies of a heated imagination. A strain of melody attracts him, and he sees a distant form, which he follows, in the hope of its being the idol of his o'erwrought fancy. That seemed to mark a heart-consuming blight-He pursues the sound through intricate

Mansel's fearful visitors are for a few moments restrained from mangling him by his

firm, and bold, unfaultering glance That fixed them motionless, in harmless trance; But at length, one shaggy monster is in the act of springing, when it is killed by a shot from an unseen hand. This is the Recluse, an aged, but dignified and noble person

And in his eye there was a mournful light,

A secret trace of unrepining grief,
That sought no pity-and that shunned relief;
That change can not wear off-unmoved by time;

That sheds no tear-that never will repine-
But-shut within the heart's most inmost core,
Will never leave it till it beats no more!

We will not animadvert on this personage being out hunting in the nighttime; though it is rather pressed into notice by his saying, somewhat paradoxically,

This day at least our hunting toils are done;
How fair the morning breaks before the sun.
His appearance reminds us of Lara,
and in the second canto the resemblance
is rendered still more evident. This is
the description of his domestic phases :
He moved on earth like spirit from above,
Whose daily path was innocence and love;

From a Tartar's scull they had stripped the
flesh,

As ye peel the fig when its fruit is fresh;
And their white tusks cranch'd o'er the whiter

ways, till he beholds a youthful beauty
kneeling before an altar. As he gazes
upon it in ecstasy, Count Alba addresses
him, and he discovers that the form is
of marble—a statue of Count Alba's de-
ceased wife, with whom he had fled
from a convent, and whose untimely
death, after giving birth to one infant,
he thus mourns in romantic solitude.

worn is the past tense of the verb.
"The feelings which he felt," is a
hazardous mode of expression; and
there are many rhymes not to be
passed as legitimate-ex. gr. scorned,
alarmed; seen, gleam; mien, beam;
flame, plain; shot, what; noon, bloom;
dim, within; alone, foam; &c. Having
now remarked upon the blemishes and
merits of this poem with impartial
plainness, and meaning nothing by the
former but to demand more attention
from a writer, upon whom we should
not have bestowed so much space did
we not conceive that he possessed talents
for greater finish and excellence; we
submit one extract as a fair sample upon
which the world may either confirm or
dissent from our opinion: it is the de-
scription of the statue.
Gracefully there, before that altar kneeling,
With arms upon her bosom meekly crossed,
Rapt in an ecstasy of holy feeling,
To all the cares of earth completely lost,
A youthful beauty breath'd a silent prayer-
Was she a mortal? or a spirit there?
Her gentle limbs beneath a light robe swelling,
Her lovely neck, round, snowy white, and fair;
But oh! there was no rising bosom telling
She bore a living heart-or breathed the vital
A soft angelic beauty, sweetly beaming
With pensive thought, and warm emotion,
Shone in her face-where every charm had
meaning,

air

Eyelids half closed, the gems beneath them

All eloquent with deep entranced devotion

shading,

That humble diffidence on earth had fixed;
A smile where joy, in tender sorrow fading,
Betrayed the fears that with her hope were mixed;
A closely drawn robe modestly concealing
All that we dream of virgin loveli..ess,
Yet more than th' charms of mortal maid re-
vealing,

Charms, that the mind may picture, not express:
Yet on her cheek the mantling blushing glow
Was wanting, which the rosy Loves bestow-
'Twas brightly pale, as that fair flow'r of spring
That triumphs first o'er Winter's gloomy king,
And shows the tyrant's iron reign is o'er,

His crown of ice dissolved, his power no more

Nor had her lip the crimson ruby's hue,
But white as snows that storms on mountains

strew,

Yet gently parting, as if th' fragrant breath they drew.

From the examples of the versifica-
tion we have given, even in pointing out
their want of originality, it will be seen
that the author's powers are not of a
mean order. Before, however, extract-
ing a passage, unborrowed, as far as we An Autumn near the Rhine. London 1818.
recollect, from any predecessor, we may
observe that the carelessness of the mo-
dern school is practically advocated in
the Recluse.

wishes that the roaring wave
Had given at once a momentary grave,
does not convey the sense intended, for
a momentary grave" is a grave for a
moment, and not an instant grave to
last for ever.
Ibid.

skull. Lord Byron.-Siege of Corinth.

+ Gorging and growling o'er carcase and limb.

As they lazily mumbled the bones of the dead.
Ibid.

once more ashore Freed from the fetters he so long has wore,

Svo. pp. 524.

Having in our last entered tolerably at large (for us, who rather strive to extract the essence of new works and discoveries, than to dwell much on our own opinions) into the merits and blemishes of this agreeable volume, we shall in this supplemental division content ourselves with introducing a few of the most novel and interesting passages, which we were be fore unable to touch. There are some

remarkable objects in the Odenwald, or | hock; but much of the adjoining country | received him with a friendly squeeze of the Wood of Odin, a wild and interesting produces its substitute. Buonaparte gave hand; while his daughter (who like other district, not far from Darmstadt ::Hochheim to General Kellerman. Further down the river is Namedy; where the Rhine forms a little bay, and the pilots collect all the floating timber poured in from the tributary streams, till it forms enormous floats, which are navigated to Dortrecht and sold.

Among these is the Riesensäule, or Giant's Column, which lies in a wood, on the declivity of the Feldsberg (mountain) half buried in thick brushwood in a hollow made by its own weight. It is above thirty feet long, and about four in greatest diameter nearly cylindrical, and tapering with an exact proportion. At one end a sort of semicircular step is cut, apparently either to fit it to some other stone, or to fix machinery for moving it. The granite is of the hard dark description, of which all the masses in the neighbourhood are composed. This singular column, which has resisted

young ladies in those good days, was not home-made bread and wine. above being useful) ran to fetch him some As she poured out the wine, with the grace of a Hebe, into a goblet adorned with the arms of the old Chatelain, and presented it with a blush to the nephew of the great king, he was struck with her beauty and modest These machines have the appearance of grace; and was soon surprised to find cera floating village, composed of twelve or tain enigmatical sensations creeping about fifteen little wooden huts, on a large plat-him which he had never experienced before. form of oak and deal timber. They are His arm trembled as he took the goblet, frequently eight or nine hundred feet long, and he involuntarily said to himself "this The never happened to me in presence of the and sixty or seventy in breadth. rowers and workmen sometimes amount to enemy, or when opposed to the thick swords 7 or 800. The domestic economy of an of the Saracens.' At night Roland could so many ages, has excited much specula-East-Indiaman is hardly more complete. tion. Kotzebue proposed to have it conveyed to Leipsick, and erected in honour of the stupendous victory there, of which it would be a worthy monument. Another immense rough block of granite near it,

Poultry, pigs, and other animals, are to be
found on board, and several butchers are
attached to the suite. A well-supplied
boiler is at work night and day in the

not close his eyes for the image of the beautiful Hildegonda, which stood constantly before him. In the morning, when about to take leave, his kind host deThe modest Roland manded his name. blushed as he gave it, for it was the glory a basket stuck on a pole, at which signal the pilot gives the word of command, and so enchanted at the distinction of his the workmen run from all quarters to re-visitor, that he begged him to stay another ceive their messes. The consumption of day-Hildegonda said not a word—but her provision in the voyage to Holland is almost looks were eloquent, and Roland wanted little persuasion. incredible, sometimes amounting to 40 or 50,000 pounds of bread; 18 or 20,000 of

with a complete step cut in it, is called the kitchen; the dinner hour is announced by of the whole country; and the knight was

Giant's Altar, and scattered about are many other blocks, with similar traces of workmanship. Conjecture attributes them to the ancient worship of Odin, to the middle ages, and to the Romans; the author sides with the latter, as he thinks the original their descendants can barely scratch. The fresh, besides a quantity of salted meat; for an opportunity to declare himself. Germans could not cut that granite which Felsen mer, a natural sea of Rocks (accu-The expences are so great, that a capital of Such opportunities generally present them

rately described by its name) is another ex-
traordinary spectacle in this vicinity. The

Odenwald itself is full of romantic tradi-
tions. At no great distance from the Felds-
berg, is the Castle of Rodenstein, on the
top of a shaggy mountain. Here, as the
tale
goes, resides the Knight of Rodenstein,
or the wild Jäger, who, issuing from his
ruins, announces the approach of war by
traversing the air with a noisy armament,

to the opposite Castle of Schnellerts. The
strange noises heard on the eve of battles,
are authenticated on the spot by affidavits;
and some persons profess to have been con-
vinced by their eyes as well as their ears.
In this way the people were forewarned of
the victories of Leipsic and Waterloo.

Near Boppart is the site of another famous stone, called the Königstuhl, or royal seat, where the four Electors of the Rhine used to meet and deliberate on the affairs of Germany (a congress or diet of these times.) Several peaces have been concluded here, and resolutions formed for the election and deposition of different Emperors. The Konigstuhl was placed on a spot where the territories of the four Rhenish Electors of Mayence, Treves, Cologne, and the Palatinate, touched each other, so that each could retire in a minute into his own kingdom. The French destroyed it in the Revolutionary war.

Not far above this is Hochheim, whose eight acres of vineyard contains about 32,000 vine plants, and are valued at as many ducats. It produces twelve large casks of wine annually, which sell at about 150l. each. This is the veritable

and butter, vegetables, &c. in proportion.

3 or 400,000 florins is considered necessary

to undertake a raft.

We had intended to extract, at length, the author's very spirited account of German universities, as represented by Heidelberg; but we can only say, that in form and discipline, &c. they resemble the Scotch rather than the English. The students reside in lodgings, and there is no academical costume.

In Germany, however, in their boyish patriotism, they have adopted that of their ancestors three centuries ago, and the students are seen in this masquerade,

Swaggering mustachioed youths, their hair flowing on their shoulders, without cravats, and with pipes in their mouths.

The traditions on the banks of the Rhine furnish matter more amusing than the history of these young zealots, however more their present mode of thinking and acting may influence the fate of Europe: we therefore turn to the former, and, if this review has been dull, make amends by concluding it with two pretty romances.

Traditions on the Banks of the Rhine. The tradition concerning the castle or rather hermitage of Rolandseck says, that it was christened after Roland the gallant nephew of Charlemagne, who, as the story goes, set out one day from his uncle's palace at Ingelheim on a picturesque tour, on the banks of the Rhine.-He dropped in at the chateau of a valiant knight, who

The fate of the young knight's heart was decided by his stay, and he only waited

selves and Roland, as he walked in the garden, found the young lady sitting in a beau would have flattered himself he had a pensive reverie, in which a bolder modern place. Roland's timidity, however, made him awkward in accosting her; and the young lady to conceal her own embarrassments, stooped to gather a rose just by.— The knight begged her to give it himlamenting that as yet no e. blem of happy moments adorned his casque; and that when his comrades boasted the beauty and virtue of their belles, he was obliged to look down and be silent. Hildegonda with a blush complied, saying, as she presented it to him- All that is beautiful endures but for a moment."-Roland no longer hesitated to declare his passion-they swore to each other eternal fidelity; and the after the campaign in Palestine, to lead his knight promised to return immediately mistress to the altar.

After Roland's departure, Hildegonda led a retired and pensive life. The fame of her lover's achievements reached her, and gladdened her heart. One evening a travelling knight demanded hospitality at the castle-He had served in Charlemagne's army, and Hildegonda trembled as she demanded intelligence of Roland. "I saw him fall gloriously by my side, covered with wounds," said the knight;- Hildegonda turned pale at his words, and was motionless as a statue. Ten days afterwards she asked permission of her father to take the veil; and she entered the convent of Frauenworth, in an island in the Rhine. The bishop of the diocese, who was her relation, allowed her to abridge her noviciate

and profess herself at the end of three months.

did not send a knight to Frankfort, where | the Emperor Conrad presented the Saint to Roland, who it seems had been left for the people, who all took the cross. Almost dead on the field, and had afterwards re- every castle along the river, from Basle to covered of his wounds, came soon after to Cologne, mounted a streaming flag, with her father's castle, to claim the hand of the holy symbol of Our Saviour's sufferHildegonda. In his grief at the tidings he ings; and the river and roads in the country received, he built a hermitage on a rock were thronged with joyous companies flockimmediately above the island of Frauen- ing towards Palestine. The young in worth, and called it Rolandseck, (Roland's tended bridegroom caught the general flame, corner.) Here he passed the remainder of and resolved to visit the Holy Land before his days, sitting at the gate of his hermit-leading his bride to the altar. In spite of age, looking down on the convent which his father's dipleasure, and the ill-concealed held his beloved object. When the matins tears of the young lady, he assembled his bell roused him, he would rise and listen to little troop and joined the Emperor's army the chanting of the nuns, fancying he at Frankfort. could distinguish the voice of his Hildegonda; and when at night the lights glimmered in the cells of the convent, his imagination saw Hildegonda praying to Heaven

for him.

Two years passed in this manner had nearly consumed his strength. One morning, looking as usual down on the convent, some people were digging a grave in the garden. Something whispered to Roland, that this grave was for Hildegonda.On sending to enquire, his conjecture proved true-he stood and watched the funeral procession, saw her corpse let down into the grave, and listened to the requiem chanted over her-and he was found not long after sitting dead before his hermitage, his eyes turned towards the convent!

Near the little village of Hirtzenach, between St. Goar and Boppart, the ruins of the two old castles of Liebenstein and Sternfels stand close together on a fine mountain covered with vines on the right bank of the river. Their grey mouldering towers nod at each other with a sort of rival dignity; and they go by the name of the Two Brothers.-Tradition says they were formerly inhabited by an old knight who had two sons equally dear to him, and a rich and beautiful young orphan was also brought up under his protection. Her charms increased with her years; and, as was very natural, the young knights both fell in love with their fair play-fellow. When she arrived at a marriageable age, the father proposed to her to choose between his two sons; but she, knowing the sentiments of both, was unwilling to grieve either by preferring his rival. The elder son however believing that her heart a little inclined to his brother, resigned his pretensions, and besought her to declare in his brother's favour.-The old knight gave the young couple his blessing, but their union was delayed.—The elder brother saw without envy, but not without melancholy, the happiness of his rival. The charms of his beloved object increased in his eyes every day, and to fly from her presence he joined the Prince, residing at Rhense, and was admitted into his suite.

The old knight dying soon after, the elder brother returned from Rhense to take possession of his ancestors' castle. Love was now ready to revive more strongly than ever in his breast;-but he overcame himself, and scrupulously treated the young lady with the kind protection of a brother. -Two years had elapsed when the news arrived that the younger brother was returning from Palestine, accompanied by a beautiful Grecian dame, to whom he was betrothed. This intelligence cut his deserted fair one to the heart; and, according to the custom of the age in such disappointments, she resolved to take the veil. The elder son was indignant at this conduct of his brother; and, when a courier arrived at the castle to announce his approach, he threw down his glove, bidding him take that for answer.

The Crusader arrived with his fair Gre

A Treatise on the Pronunciation of the
French Language. By P. J. Bekaert,
Member of the University of Paris.
London 1818. 8vo. pp. 80.

This is a very useful book of its kind,
with a very ridiculous introduction. Mr.
Bekaert modestly begins by stating that
his "treatise contains all that can be
wished for an elegant enunciation ;" and
then proceeds to make the following,
among other notable observations:

We raise the voice on the syllables which short. We occupy a longer space of time are long, and lower it on those which are for the pronunciation of the former (i. e. the long syllables) than we do in pronouncing the latter (i. e. the short syllables.)

French is the language of polished people, and such as are desirous of shewing they have had a distinguished education; that fashionable idiom, which spreads so much charm in society, enables us to communicate with learned persons of almost every country.

This last sentence seems intended as

an illustration in English of the difficulty of comprehending the genius of a foreign tongue, "the graces and niceties of which are not to be imitated;" and then comes the deep corollary,

Now, what are a great number of persons of good parts in want of, to feel the beauties of this (the French) language? Of nothing but a proper study of it.!!!

To this proper study the author uncian at the Castle of Sternfels, his paternal dertakes to direct them, and though it inheritance-and a bloody war took place might not be expected that one who between the brothers, which they were on writes so absurdly could be a very capithe point of concluding by single combat, tal guide, we are bound to say that his when the young lady interposed and paci- subsequent rules and remarks are exfied them by her persuasions. She after-cellent, and must be of infinite service wards quitted the abode of her infancy and to those who wish to be au fait at Paritook the veil. sian pronunciation. The first part treats the second on consonants and their comof the accents on vowels and diphthongs; binations; part third, rules for distinguishing the long syllables from the short. In all these views there are many critical canons which ought to be and upon the whole the subject is fixed on the mind of a French scholar; treated in a novel manner, which is calculated to impress a number of necessary and important facts upon the memory, which are either not noticed, or lost among the mass of other matters in the

the Castle of Liebenstein-while joy and
Sadness and mourning now reigned in
dissipation occupied the inhabitants of
Sternfels. The beauties of the Grecian
dame, and the graces of her conversation,
attracted around her all the gay knights of
the neighbourhood; and she was by no
The elder brother saw the disgrace of his
means scrupulous in receiving their homage.
brother, before he himself was aware of it,
and soon found an opportunity to convince
him of his wife's infidelity. The young
knight would have sacrificed her to his
vengeance; but she found means to escape.
His elder brother pressed him in his arms
as he was abandoning himself to his de-
spair, saying "Let us live henceforth
together without wives, to do honour to the
grief of our first love, who is now passing
the brightest days of youth in a convent."
The younger brother agreed, and they re-
mained bachelors and inseparable friends
for the rest of their days. Their race ex-
pired with them—and their old ruined
castles, which still retain the name of "The
Brothers," remind the traveller of their

Just at this time St. Bernard was preaching the cross on the banks of the Rhine.There was not a chateau near the river that | history.

common grammars.

Contributions to the Science of Criminal Jurisprudence. Vol. I. By Dr. Schmid, of Jena, Counsellor of the Court of Appeal. Containing a public defence of Dr. Kohlrausch, Counsellor of the Medical Department, against a public affront.

This remarkable and highly interesting work, just published, has excited a strong

sensation in Germany. It paints in terrible colours the abuses in the celebrated hospital at Berlin called La Charité, illustrated by the affecting history of a female lunatic; and confirms the melancholy truth, that learned, meritorious, and in many respects upright men, may be hurried by their passions into grave errors. It proves by documents, that a tribunal, in general highly esteemed, may sometimes be guilty of weakness, and that even a minister who loves and practises justice, is not always on his guard against inconsistencies in his conduct.

It is hardly to be doubted but the minister of justice, and the Chamber of Justice at Berlin, will make some declaration respecting the contents of this work, as far as they are concerned. We extract, as the most attractive specimen for the British public,

the

HISTORY OF THE UNHAPPY LUNATIC.

Louisa Thiele was the daughter of a man healthy in mind and body, and of a mother sometimes subject to hysterics, and who, particularly during her pregnancy with this infant, could not divest herself of a continual melancholy, Louisa was, when a child, rather weakly, but soon shewed symptoms of understanding and comprehension, which gave her parents great pleasure. She was sent to school in her seventh year, and cultivated with great eagerness every branch of instruction; religion in particular had the greatest charms for her; an inclination which her masters perhaps too much cherished in one of so tender an age. From this it may have proceeded that the approach of maturity brought on her a fever, which soon became inental alienation, at first shewing itself in the fixed idea, that she could not masticate, and could therefore eat no solid food. Nothing was neglected, for years together, by the first physicians, to restore her to health, and it at last seemed probable that an entire recovery might be expected. At this time her brother was drowned and the much beloved Queen of Prussia died. It certainly is a proof of her excellent, but sorrowful heart, that both events had such an effect on her, that she seemed for a long time dead to all pleasures, sought only retirement, and enjoyed no comfort except at church, and in reading religious books.

Her father held a lucrative post, but lost it on account of the war, was obliged to live on what he had saved, and contract his expenses very much; his privations, his sorrows, increased the silent afflictions of the good daughter. Her mother at last became also ill, though not dangerously; but Louisa's filial fears created dangers. She wanted to administer to her beloved sick parent remedies and nourishment which were too dear for them, in their present narrow circumstances. The younger sisters sometimes reminded her of this, perhaps not mildly enough; and this grief apparently occasioned the return of the mental alienation.

Several physicians again undertook to

attend her, but as her poor parents could not supply her with the requisite remedies, they at last determined, after much persuasion, to trust their unhappy child to the Charité.

Very much worn out, and with the deepest melancholy in her countenance, she entered the establishment, complaining that her inside was torn, and her heart driven into her head, &c. Her continual screaming, and complaining of pain, was not, as it appears, taken for the symptom of the disorder, but for the disorder itself, and the whole method of cure chiefly directed to quieting her. The means used for this were, abundance of cold water, poured 16 pailfulls at a time over the head; fetters; a strait waistcoat; quick turning in a kind of machine; emetics; a hair rope; a sack, in which she was put, it was then tied, laid on the floor, and fastened to the bed-post; and lastly, a Megara of an attendant, called Mrs. Voigt, who when her crying incommoded her, scolded the unfortunate girl, boxed her ears, and forced her lips together with her hawk's claws, knocked her head against the wall, &c. All these harsh methods were made use of several times in the short space of eleven days, on a debilitated young girl, who had been very weakly from her childhood. It is to be conceived that the patient could not feel herself, with this treatment, more comfortable in the Charité than in her parents' house, and that her complaints increased daily. She often cried out with a voice which would have affected the heart of any tiger, that of Mrs. Voigt excepted: Ah! my God! my Saviour! my good nurse! have pity on me! my sister! my father!" &c.

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It might be supposed that her illness had so debased her, that it was become necessary to treat her as a mere brute animal; but that was not the case. Whenever Caroline Bühler, one of the witnesses, who visited her, spoke to her, the language of the patient was sensible and coherent, she did not fly from one subject to another, answered every question, and inquired herself respecting many things; only she always sought to turn the conversation on religious subjects. She often wept and sobbed, and if Caroline Bühler asked her why she wept so, she answered, "Ah! I long to be at home with my friends and relations! I am treated here so very cruelly!"

At last, on the 11th day of her stay in this hell, she was again put into a strait waistcoat, then into the sack, and over this sack a second sack was drawn, and in the first there was, besides, over her face a piece of black waxed cloth, and in this way the sacks were tied up, put on the ground beside the bed, and there fastened to the bed-post. In this state did this unfortunate girl lie for several hours, lamenting, crying, praying, despairing; during which Mrs. Voigt had a coffee party in the next room. Louisa's cr'es changed gradually into panting and groaning, and this became gradually lower, and at last she was quite still.

The coffee party now went into the chamber, for further recreation; the sacks

were opened, pulled down, and the poor Louisa was dead! Mrs. Voigt now screamed more than the patient had done before: "I am undone give me a knife! I must kill myself!" But nobody had the politeness to rid the world of this monster; on the contrary, her female companions advised her to put the corpse in the bed, and say that Louisa had died there. This was done. Surgeons were called in, and every means attempted to restore her to life; but happily the girl's sufferings were terminated.

Her father was absent; and her mother in despair, incapable of acting, more distant relations gave information to the police of this death, which looked so much like a murder. The criminal tribunal examined into the affair, and acquitted the Counsellor Horn, because he affirmed that Louisa was not suffocated, but had died of an apoplexy. The sack, it was said, had been so coarse, that she might very easily have drawn breath; but that a piece of black wax cloth had been put before it to hinder this easiness of respiration, was not mentioned; nor was it inquired, whether corporal ill-treatment is in all cases calculated to restore lunatics; whether the mode of treating such patients in the Charité does not require a thorough reform; whether it is not necessary that the director of the institution, as well as those under him, should have, besides the other necessary qualifications, feeling hearts?

ANALYSIS OF THE JOURNAL DES SAVANS, FOR JUNE 1818.

I. De Usu Linguæ Italicæ saltem a sæculo quinto R. S. acroasis; accedit V. C. Scipionis Maffei in idem argumentum italica lucubratio.

Many Italian writers have pretended, that the people of Rome formerly spoke a vulgar idiom, different from the Latin; some have asserted that this idiom, with the exception of some slight differences, and the modifications produced by time, was the Italian language: but other writers have maintained, that these assertions cannot be supported. The late Laurence Pignotti, professor in the University of Pisa, in a dissertation inserted in the second volume of his History of Tuscany, declares the arguments alleged in favour of these assertions to be so frivolous, that they do not merit the honour of being refuted. This celebrated professor thus expressed himself in his

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Essay on the Origin and Progress of the Italian Language," which was printed in 1813; and four years afterwards, M. Sebastian Ciampi, professor in the same University, reviewing this literary controversy, publishes a dissertation, in which he undertakes not only to prove the existence of vulgar idiom, in which he recognizes a very great likeness with the Italian language, but also to demonstrate the existence of this language, at least ever since the fifth century.

Notwithstanding the great erudition and

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