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he raised him from the rank of Khood | Non obstat, as aforesaid, it will be reKhoda to the throne,) and premier also of membered by all our readers that we very the present sovereign, Futteh Ally Shah, frequently deplore, as it were, the subhad a son named Meerza Mahomed Khaun, stitution of sundry mechanical processes who, about nineteen years ago, began, at his own expence, to repair and rebuild the tomb for talents in all sorts of literature, and, of a saint, Shah Chieraukh, in this city (Shi- consequently, the want of genius. We raz). His present Majesty wishing to rid the have it at last. Not that we mean to country of Hajee Ibrahim, and at the same play upon the title of this little poem, time to prevent the insurrection of any one which lies fair enough for a dozen of of his family, at one blow carried his pro- slipshod epigrams, but, in faith, there is ject into execution in the following manner. something wild and original about it, He first caused Hajee Ibrahim's tongue to be which, with much that we cannot praise, cut out, and then his eyes; he then ordered his two sons who were governors of dis- probably because we cannot well undertricts, one at Hamadan, and the other the stand, takes our fancy, and inclines us person already mentioned, to be put to to give a good report of our incognito death on the same day; in order that, preBard. viously to putting his minister to death, he might be certain that all his family were destroyed; and he only waited the intelligence of their death, that he might give Hajee Ibrahim the coup de grace. arrangements, from the commencement of Hajee Ibrahim's confinement, took nearly one month in their completion; when, finding that no resistance was to be apprehended, he ordered his blinded minister to be hanged. Hossein Ally Meerza, the present Prince of Shiraz, was only seven years of age, and of course acted under the direction of his minister, Cherauk Ally Khaun. He invited Meerza Mahomed Khaun to dine with him: more than usual attention was paid to the unsuspecting guest, who was engaged to play with the Prince at back-gammon. In the course of their diversion, the Prince took occasion to withdraw to another apartment, when his people seized Meerza Mahomed Khaun and put him to death. All his wealth was, of course, seized. The Saint's tomb, which he had begun to rebuild, remains unfinished to this day; all the rich people fearing to undertake its completion, lest they should

share his fate.

up

What can be expected from sovereigns, whose education as princes is of this treacherous and bloody kind?

Genius; a Vision. By a Member of the University of Oxford. 8vo. pp. 39. Though our criticisms are not of the grumbling species, and we would invariably prefer, even at our own cost, saying a kind to a smart thing when we are treating of our co-labourers in the literary field, who, Heaven knows, have in general enough to bear without our adding the last straw to break the camel's back-though our maxim is Cherish," because we know that many a sickly looking plant becomes in time a noble tree-though we have really the esprit du corps in our hearts, and know that many, many of the writers of this our day, so far from sitting on velvet, might well exclaim with Blacky in the Padlock,

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"Ah me! what a life Mungo lead!”

The poem opens with an invocation to Genius, which we consider to be The divinity, or whatever else it may be among the least successful of its parts. called in its personification, is nevertheless pleased to attend to the adjuration, and his votary hears his " rumbling voice" (we dislike the phrase) pro

nounce

"Hear, my children, hear," he cries,
"Meet me at the midnight hour,
When the Spirit of the skies

Walks in plenitude of pow'r,
Where the hag-fires blaze and blare
On the terror-stricken air,
And the night-dog's piteous cry
Tells of witches sailing by;
Call me when the tempests low'r,
Meet me at the midnight hour"—
Thus still he bids the favoured few,
Who dare the awful sight,

To meet him when the vapours blue

Enwrap the world in night.

Henceforward the writer indulges in a strain of visionary descriptions, of which it is easier to admire the merit than to perceive the drift. All that can be imagined of spectre and supernatural influence dance before his sight, and play in his numbers; and the boldness of his fancy is not curbed by any of the considerations of connection, purpose, or probability which may have tamed down (for aught we know) the great majority of his predecessors. The only mark of system that we can discern is, that under the name of Genius the author includes all that the wildest rush of "thickcoming fancies" brings with it, without order or control, or subjugation of ideas. In short, his performance is entirely constructed of those materials, a few specimens of which only we have been accustomed to see ventured by other Bards, as seasoning to the more sober flowings of the Muse.

Genius takes the youth of his choice to a high mountain, where he gives "the lightest form that e'er could be" (i. e. Imagination) as a companion, and charges the "phantasy

to teach and shew

As far as mortal strength could go,
The secrets and the sights sublime
That link eternity to time;
To rend the darkening veil asunder,
That wraps in mystic gloom
Those scenes of high terrific wonder
Begot in nature's womb:
To shew the universal frame,
That with a word to being came,
To give a glimpse to mortal eye
Of living immortality.

"Shew him heaven, and shew him earth,
Shew him things of wondrous birth;
Shew him that profoundest hell
Where the damn'd for ever dwell;
These explored he then shall be
Vers'd in every mystery.
Embosom'd in immensity!"

He finish'd: nor was answer given
Ere the mountain rock was riven;
Split in twain, it yawn'd so wide,
Fathoms deep the eye descried:
What! why nothing more than this
All an infinite abyss.

On its brink the poet stood

With a vacancy of stare,
That betrayed he neither knew
Whether what he heard was true,

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Whether what he saw was there. A multitude of poetical images are presented by the guide Imagination." From these we make our selection. He exhibits

A storm-convulsed shore-
Rocks that grinned in horrid row
On the waves that dashed below-
Dashed in fury! Oh! that flash
Shewed how fatal was their dash!
With the whirlwind's sweeping breath
Comes the hollow shriek of death;
Another-all the boiling sea

Broken sheets of fire displayed,
Flashing red and sulphury

To the vaulted canopy;
Whence it blazed and back reflected
On the dull dissevered clouds,

Thunder shatter'd,
Tempest scatter'd,

Edg'd with deepest yellow dye,

Many a mass as huge as black, Streak'd with a momentary red, Many a sudden splintered crack. Another-in that troubled bed, Of waves at war, With boist'rous roar, This latest, brightest, saddest light Discover'd to his sinking sight Many a shiver'd plank forsaken, Many a hand just out the wave Grasping at the grasp it gave; Many a limb without its fellow, Mangled by the rock and billow, A feast for the death-birds that greedily flock To glut on the fragments updash'd on the rock.

The strength of some passages, an the peculiarities of others in the above extract, will convey a very accurate notion of the whole production before us in which the author goes on to view other sights of amazement. Death an his ministers form a principal group and the latter, Pride, Bigotry, Murder Rape, Perfidy, Envy, &c. contend for pre-eminency by recounting their deed: of horror. For example, Bigotry affirm:

that the sighs of captives in damp dull
cells are most delightful to him:

Yea, sweeter than the sound I call
Most inexpressible of all,
Where roars in miseries of pain,
The wretch who ne'er shall roar again;
Who bodies in a single cry
His all of dying agony;

"Tis such he gives, who, girt with fire,
In torture lingers to expire,

And struggles to turn

Tho' still to burn,

And half is a cinder ere yet he die. The victims of Rape and Seduction are painted, the one with horrible fidelity, and the other in four lines, as we think, of great beauty:

Three months of anguish and of shame

She dragg'd her loath'd existence on,
She curs'd the day when day-light came,
And curs'd the night when day was gone.

Her father dies broken-hearted

To think the idol of his heart

Could rend that heart in twain,

And fix the unutterable smart
That never heals again,-

From the conclusion of the poem, into which we need not further dip for evidence whereupon to pass a just judgment on the whole, we gather that the the author's aim is to "dare to be great -and vindicate the British Lyre"-that fire and fervour are to be the ingredients of his future labours, and that he is determined to cherish the divine gift of poesy. Most sincerely do we wish him success; and, taking it for granted that he is a young man, we may safely venture to pronounce that he is blessed with talents to redeem ten times greater blemishes than this work contains, and to prophesy that his country will yet have greater reason to be proud of the more mature effusions of the Author of Genius.

and impious to escape: another cast of the Laocoon. The minor details merely make up the flourishes and bas-reliefs; the sufferers for whom we are to feel terror and compassion are above, and clearly separated from the adjuncts of the group.

Women; or Pour et Contre. 3 vols. By without however making, or having de

the Rev. C. Maturin.

The author of Bertram is no stranger

and the tale is wrought up to the most to the public, and the work which distressing pathos:

She heard the tolling of the bell
That told its tale of terror well,
Accusing with its fun'ral breath,
"The Fallen" of her father's death!
Oh! many an one to the churchyard press'd,
And many a lip her father bless'd;
And many a sob, and many a sigh
Pour'd homage to his memory;-

She was there

In all the horror of despair,
Where every sob and every sigh
Rung "Murder" out upbraidingly.
In guilty consciousness conceal'd,
She shudder'd as the death-dirge peal'd,
And dared not e'en approach so near,
That the sprinkled mould

As the service is told,

Could grate upon the ear;
She fear'd, she dreaded, so to see
The madness of their misery.
But when the wretched train return'd
She stagger'd up at last,
And by the Sexton back was spurn'd
As he shovell'd the earth,
With brutal mirth,

So carelessly and fast.

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She lived to bear the worst: And since her fall, the silver moon

Had seven times wax'd,

Had seven times wan'd,

When o'er her mind a horror came,
A chilly shivering shook her frame.
In haste, tho' blackness lower'd around,
She sought her parents' burying-ground,

She sought her parents' grave.
Here infanticide and self-murder con-
clude this tragic tale, which partakes
much of Wordsworth's power of affect-
ing us almost too severely, and of that
character of description which, dwelling
on subjects of considerable difficulty,
walks on the very brink of those limits
within which all must be confined who
write for the world to read.

comes announced by his name is secure
of attracting public attention. He is a
singular and a powerful writer, loving,
in his sketches of human nature, to
dwell on those peculiar portions which
under inferior hands might seem repul-
sive and deformed, but which to a man
of genius offer the noblest as well as the
deepest means and excitements of strong
thought and overwhelming description.
He has conceptions of great sweetness
mingled with those stern picturings,
great richness of imagery, great mastery
of picturesque language; but his charm
is in the solemn and the fearful, if his
cup is chased and fretted with gorgeous
devices, and glittering with rubies and
gold, the draught within is of subtle
and dread enchantment; his muse is
less the Proserpine gathering flowers
and sporting in her young loveliness
through the vale of Enna, than the Pro-
serpine already the queen of a lower
realm, not forfeiting her beauty or her
brightness, but shining out in her sove-
reign pomp among shadows and sights
of fear, the secrets of the world of gloom,
and the sufferings of hearts stripped only
as before the last tribunal. The present
work takes unnecessarily and unsuitably
the name of a novel; it is a drama in
chapters, with more of expansion that
is allowed to character on the stage, but
with the distinctness of person, single-
ness of catastrophe, and undiverted ap-
plication of moral that belong to the
higher order of the drama. It contains
but three characters, strongly distin-
guished, yet closely intertwined; all
writhing in the same fatal involution,
which it seems to all equally hopeless

narrow

The central figure is De Courcy, a young Irishman, full of spirit and sensibility, but versatile in his principles, habits and affections; with the exterior which takes the eye of woman, and the address that secures what he has taken, he is sent into society in pursuit of indulgence. He is not a voluptuary, but he loves 'pleasure; not a man who takes delight in betraying female fondness, but he solicits it, and throws it away. His two partners in suffering are females, with whom he is in love in succession, and whom he makes miserable, sired to make them culpable. They are both beings of excessive feeling, both lovely, both enthusiastic, and both betrayed by the same unwise reliance on their first admiration of this unpurposed and incapable heart. The story becomes interesting by the mere developement of Eva Wentworth is an their characters. Irish girl, educated in seclusion by a methodistical family; her habits have been regulated by the monotonous routine of this unnatural system; she has hitherto felt her way along the " path" only by the thorns, and has at length concluded that stillness and suffering are the object of life and the perfection of virtue. Zaira is an Italian, a brilliant being, educated in the perfumed airs of foreign high life, and thrown, by one of those accidents which colour life with romance, into the situation where illusion, and brief splendour and bold and high-toned emotion, are the look and language of all things: she is seen for the first time by De Courcy upon the stage, like another Tarpeia, showered over and almost overwhelmed by the golden favours of the multitude. Eva, with her simplicity and sweetness, her lovely humility, and her delicate beauty, fades before this dazzling and exotic wonder, and De Courcy leaves the "violet pale to die unseen.' Zaira bears him off in triumph, but she soon begins to discover that if he is to be conquered he is not to be held captive. He grows weary of incessant delight, and turns from the sparklings of wit and the glow of beauty, and the still deeper charm of woman's fondness, to his lonely love, sitting in the shadows of that waning life which was so soon to be night round her, and mingling his name in the prayer that she put up for her own undone heart. He now sees nothing in his enchantress

an uncommonly fine, broad, paved road, which has an almost uninterrupted row of houses on both sides of it, so that you hardly think that you are in another town when you arrive at Leith. There is the old harbour, and they are busy in forming The first is at the mouth of the little river Leith; but it is too confined, and is dry at low water: the new one will consist of a row of docks, several of which are completed.

a new one.

We saw large three-masted vessels, which go to Greenland on the whale fishery. They are distinguished by the strength with which they are built, and by the covering of iron on the bows, to resist the masses of ice. They sail every year, in March, to Greenland or Newfoundland. The fishery is not always successful, and these enterprises are often attended with loss.

Leith is defended by some batteries, but they are not very formidable. During the American war Paul Jones sailed into the river with three armed vessels, and spread terror as far as Edinburgh. Leith possesses several manufactories; the principal branch of its industry is linen. The town is in the period of its increase, and had already attained a high degree of prosperity, when several of its merchants made great speculations in colonial goods to the Continent: the turn of political affairs disappointed their hopes, so that several of these houses became bankrupt; and while we were there, one of them, the only one who had commercial relations with the East Indies, desum of

clared itself insolvent in the 250,0001. sterling.

We returned to Edinburgh by the same road, and visited, on the way, a great manufactory for spinning cotton and hemp, which is put in motion by a steam-engine. The Botanic Garden, which we saw after our return, is neither large, nor, as it appeared to us, well kept. There are in Edinburgh several ale breweries, many manufactories of sal volatile, sal ammoniac, &c. The city is supposed to have received its name from a castle which a Saxon prince, named Edwin, had built here in the year 626, and which was called Edwinburgh.

This city will at a future period certainly become one of the most beautiful cities in Great Britain. Its situation is uncommonly favourable, on an eminence near the sea, and combines advantages of every kind. The New Town, which was built after a regular plan, is every thing that can be wished in respect to the architecture both of the public and private buildings. The contrast between the Old and the New Town is striking; the houses of the former are black, crowded together, and the streets between them, in part, no more than from six to ten feet broad. The two towns are

joined by a handsome bridge, which was begun in 1765, and finished in 1769. The building of the New Town did not begin till the year 1768; before which time there was not a trace of it. Ten handsome streets, parallel to each other, now traverse the city on its whole length from East to West. Queen Street is a hundred feet broad, and

has only one row of houses, the inhabitants | great partiality for Music; and I really of which enjoy the most beautiful prospect think that it would have been impossible towards the North, over the county of Fife, for any person but an enthusiast, accomand the whole course of the Firth of Forth. plished in the art, to descant so often and This advantage renders the street a very so well upon this favourite theme. If I agreeable promenade in summer. St. were to transcribe every pass ige in Milton's George's Street is a hundred and ten feet poetry in which the effect of his knowledge broad, and terminates at each end in a fine of music appears to me palpable, I should square. Princess Street, along the Fosse, exceed all reasonable limits; for the fact serves as a winter promenade. Its broad is, that they every where occur; permit foot pavement is frequently crowded with me, however, to add one more: walkers. The fine street leading to Leith is a third very agreeable promenade.

The architecture of the houses in the New Town agrees with that usual in London: the kitchens are below ground, and receive their light from a grated window looking towards the street; but they are more spacious and comfortable. The streets of the New Town have raised pavements on both sides for the foot passengers, and are paved with basaltic stones, which are found in abundance near Arthur's Seat. (To be continued.)

ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE.

THE CHOICE OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

To the Editor of the Literary Gazette. SIR,

As I have taken upon myself to bear a part in the correspondence respecting Music, which has been carried on in your Miscellany, and en passant to vindicate the art and its professors from the common- place aspersions which are too often thoughtlessly cast upon them, I cannot in justice to the cause which I espouse suffer the second letter of your correspondent Medium to pass without remark: although an incompetent, I would fain be at least a zealous advocate; but in order to quiet the apprehensions which you, Mr. Editor, might entertain as to the continuance of this controversy, I beg to say that it is not my intention to importune you with any future communication upon the subject of the choice of Musical Instruments.

Permit me in the first place to offer my acknowledgments to your Correspondent for the amiable manner in which he has noticed my letter; if we differ in opinion on the subject of Music, we coincide exactly as to the manner in which the discussion should be carried on; and I shall now therefore offer a few remarks in defence of the position laid down in my former letter, and which appears to your Correspondent so incredible. Without enlarging upon the wonderful effects which, it is asserted, Music has produced on many occasions, I return once more to Milton, and in order to support the suggestion to which I have just alluded, I beg leave to quote the following well known lines:

Then feed on thoughts that voluntary move Harmonious numbers; as the wakeful bird Sings darkling, and in shadiest covert hid, Tunes her nocturnal note.

The constant recurrence of similar passages could only have arisen from the Poet's

At last a soft and solemn breathing sound
Rose like a stream of rich distilled perfumes
And stole upon the air,

I was all ear
And took in strains that might create a soul
Under the ribs of Death.

Did I then advance exaggerated pretensions in favour of Music, when I suggested the possibility of its having facilitated the production of Milton's poetry? and may I not venture to flatter myself that I shall at length induce your Correspondent to be of my opinion? If he should be still incredulous, I'invite him to refer to the numerous places which, as I have before said, abound in the "immortal verse" of our countryman, and he will then, I am persuaded, be entirely convinced.

It is proper to be observed, in recommendation of a musical education, that without a knowledge of the art no one is able to value properly the fleeting beauties of which it is made up; and I hope I shall not give umbrage to your correspondent Medium, if I take the liberty to state to him candidly the inference I have drawn from the tenor of his observations: that is, that he is not a practical musician. Though I am myself but an indifferent performer, my opportunities during childhood having unfortunately been thrown away upon an instrument which both the state of my health and my own inclination has since prompted me to relinquish, yet even the proficiency I have made upon the Piano Forte is a source of great pleasure, as, with the aid of ima gination, it enables me to recal in a vivid manner the impression produced by more perfect performances. I speak from my own experience when I assert that it is in the power of Music to excite very strong emotions; and it is merely because I am convinced that it may, when properly directed, be of great advantage, that I have been induced to advocate the cultivation of it so strenuously. If it is so insignificant and unimpressive as your correspondent Medium seems to imagine, and can serve no higher end than to fill up the hours of listless idlers, it should be rejected altogether, and should no more form part of a system of education than card-playing, or any other modish pastime.

It may not perhaps be considered intrusive, if, before I take my leave, I explain farther why I consider the Piano Forte as so eligible an instrument: it is of course understood that I only speak of it abstractedly, as many circumstances may arise which would render the choice of another more judicious: thus, for instance, when there are many individuals in a family, the

FINE ARTS. ENGRAVED PRINTS.

Six Views in and Near Swansea, drawn
and etched by T. Baxter.
It has been our invariable practice, in
remarking on works of art, to bestow at-
tention upon the rising artist, as well as
upon his more successful and established
contemporary: and as far as wàs in our
power to seek the unobtrusive, and to
distinguish merit, whether it lay too
low, or was raised too high for general
notice, either in Exhibitions or the pass-
ing publications of the day. Accordingly
we present to the public these apparently
faithful delineations of the country in
and about Swansea. The views are as
follows:-

1. Caswell Bay, from the Spring.
2. The Willows and Mount Pleasant.
3. Mount Pleasant.

4. Oystermouth, from the Castle.
5. The Church at Britton Ferry.
6. The Castle of Oystermouth.

other means since brought into use, have| Courts happened to be sitting that day,
and a place was given us near the Judges ;
in them so much of character and ex-
pression, with such judicious attention to thongh I did not understand what was said,
I perceived that the mode of proceeding
was like that in England, which has been
keeping and the other principles of art,
that we lament to say is not often found imitated in France. In another Hall we
in the present day; and, it must be fur- found the Court of Exchequer assembled.
ther observed, by means in the execu- It decides on causes between the crown
tion as simple in their quality, as might and private individuals. The case then
that by means of a new invention he could'
serve no higher purpose than is now used before it was that of a brewer, who affirmed
in engraving coats of arms, crests, &c.
Bolswert, in his landscapes after Ru- make use of the spirituous parts, which
during the cooling of the beer evaporate in
bens, has attained similar effects by as the air and are lost. His idea was to col-
simple a process. It would be well if lect these parts in a pipe, where they should
our engravers were to cast their eye oc- be condensed like common brandy. The
casionally on these examples as on first royal officers, on their side, made objections
principles; and by studiously attending to this, affirming that some fraud upon the
revenue might be intended.
to the knowledge of Art and the prac-
tice of drawing, attain to that excel-
lence which might give their works an
equal value in the eyes of posterity.

The Brighton Ambulator: containing His torical and Topographical Delineations In these Etchings there is great adroitof the Town, from the earliest period to ness in the execution, and even minutethe present time. By C. Wright. ness of detail, without any visible sacrifice of truth either to style or skill. Mr. Wright is the author of several little There is much of that simplicity which works intended to direct the attention of characterized the early periods of art, those who visit Brighton, to the objects in its vicinity which are best worth seeing. where the aim of the engraver was Local knowledge is the great requisite for solely to give a faithful copy of the sub-the successful execution of the task which ject before him, whether that subject he has taken upon himself, and this he was a painting or a drawing. certainly possesses in no common degree. In addition to this, the praise of industry is due to him and his book, from the great variety of information which it contains, cannot fail of proving eminently useful to those who may pass a few weeks at that fashionable watering place, which is now 90 frequently graced with the presence of Royalty.

Mr. Baxter's choice is various and judicious. Caswell Bay and Oystermouth are of a bold and picturesque appearance, and would afford an opportunity to exercise the talents of our first landscape Painters: as it is, we can form from these etchings a very fair idea of the extent and magnificence of the scenery.

To those interested in the local character of the views, we feel assured that

IMPERIAL TOURISTS.

We were shewn the library of the counsellors, which is in a handsome room, and had not been long established. Another library, belonging to the lawyers,* consists of 40,000 volumes. It contains the best ancient and modern works, a collection of manuscripts, and a complete collection of documents relative to the history of the country; the oldest of these last is of the year 1350: the earlier ones are said to have

been lost in the passage to England by sea. We saw among them a letter written by Mary Queen of Scots, while she was in France, to her mother; the hand-writ'n and the style were good for that time.

ng

The Bettering house, or House of Correction, is on a hill of trap, called Cal ton Hill, and is one of the best ordered establishments of the kind that we have On the same hill there is a monu seen. ment in honour of Nelson.

On the 6th of December we began our daily rounds with visiting the High School, in which 800 young people of all ranks receive preparatory instruction. The school has five classes. The boys go through the lower classes in four years, under four teachers or professors. In the fifth they receive the preparatory instruction imme

nothing has been omitted that could Tour of their Imperial Highnesses the diately previous to being sent to College.

identify the scene; and we sincerely hope the artist will be encouraged to appear in future with advantage to himself and credit to the art.

Before quitting the subject, we shall just offer a passing hint to the Artist Engravers of our own country; and though many have highly distinguished themselves by their abilities, it is still necessary to recommend to their serious attention that fidelity of representation so essential to good art, without which, what we are called upon to admire, is merely the dexterity of the mechanic, and not the efforts of a liberal pro

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Archdukes John and Lewis of Austria.

(Edinburgh continued.)

From Holyrood House we were taken to the Register Office, where the public and family archives of Scotland are preserved. This establishment prevents many lawsuits, by the careful preservation of all family writings. The most ancient of the documents here is of the year 1405, and of the reign of King David. An aged woman, who understands how to render old faded manuscripts legible, is employed for that purpose in this office.

We viewed St. George's Church, which is built in the Greck style, and ascended into the lantern of the dome, from which there is an extensive prospect over the city and the surrounding country, as far as the

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The branches of learning taught there are reading, writing, Latin and Greek, geography, history and mathematics. The methods of instruction seem to be good.

One of the most useful institutions of the city of Edinburgh is the Highland Society of Scotland, which has a president, four vice presidents, and members of all ranks of society, nobles, merchants, &e. The object of this society, whose labours are eminently successful, is the improvement of agriculture, and the breeding of cattle, the cultivation of waste lands, the encouragement of useful inventions, by the distribution of premiums and other rewards. Another Society, to promote instruction in Christianity, was founded in 1701. It receives 1000l. per annum from the King, and many schools are supported by it.

We made a little excursion to the town of Leith, distant about two English miles from Edinburgh. The way to it is along

* The Advocates' Library.-Ed.

an uncommonly fine, broad, paved road, which has an almost uninterrupted row of houses on both sides of it, so that you hardly think that you are in another town when you arrive at Leith. There is the old harbour, and they are busy in forming a new one. The first is at the mouth of the little river Leith; but it is too confined, and is dry at low water: the new one will consist of a row of docks, several of which are completed.

We saw large three-masted vessels, which go to Greenland on the whale fishery. They are distinguished by the strength with which they are built, and by the covering of iron on the bows, to resist the masses of ice. They sail every year, in March, to Greenland or Newfoundland. The fishery is not always successful, and these enterprises are often attended with loss.

Leith is defended by some batteries, but they are not very formidable. During the American war Paul Jones sailed into the river with three armed vessels, and spread terror as far as Edinburgh. Leith possesses several manufactories; the principal branch of its industry is linen. The town is in the period of its increase, and had already attained a high degree of prosperity, when several of its merchants made great speculations in colonial goods to the Continent: the turn of political affairs disappointed their hopes, so that several of these houses became bankrupt; and while we were there, one of them, the only one who had commercial relations with the East Indies, declared itself insolvent in the sum of 250,000. sterling.

We returned to Edinburgh by the same road, and visited, on the way, a great manufactory for spinning cotton and hemp, which is put in motion by a steam-engine. The Botanic Garden, which we saw after our return, is neither large, nor, as it appeared to us, well kept. There are in Edinburgh several ale breweries, many manufactories of sal volatile, sal ammoniac, &c. The city is supposed to have received its name from a castle which a Saxon prince, named Edwin, had built here in the year 626, and which was called Edwinburgh.

This city will at a future period certainly become one of the most beautiful cities in Great Britain. Its situation is uncommonly favourable, on an eminence near the sea, and combines advantages of every kind. The New Town, which was built after a regular plan, is every thing that can be wished in respect to the architecture both of the public and private buildings. The contrast between the Old and the New Town is striking; the houses of the former are black, crowded together, and the streets between them, in part, no more than from six to ten feet broad. The two towns are joined by a handsome bridge, which was begun in 1765, and finished in 1769. The building of the New Town did not begin till the year 1768; before which time there was not a trace of it. Ten handsome streets, parallel to each other, now traverse the city on its whole length from East to West. Queen Street is a hundred feet broad, and

has only one row of houses, the inhabitants of which enjoy the most beautiful prospect towards the North, over the county of Fife, and the whole course of the Firth of Forth. This advantage renders the street a very agreeable promenade in summer. St. George's Street is a hundred and ten feet broad, and terminates at each end in a fine square. Princess Street, along the Fosse, serves as a winter promenade. Its broad foot pavement is frequently crowded with walkers. The fine street leading to Leith is a third very agreeable promenade.

The architecture of the houses in the New Town agrees with that usual in London: the kitchens are below ground, and receive their light from a grated window looking towards the street; but they are more spacious and comfortable. The streets of the New Town have raised pavements on both sides for the foot passengers, and are paved with basaltic stones, which are found in abundance near Arthur's Seat. (To be continued.)

ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE.

THE CHOICE OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

To the Editor of the Literary Gazette. SIR,

As I have taken upon myself to bear a part in the correspondence respecting Music,which has been carried on in your Miscellany, and en passant to vindicate the art and its professors from the common-place aspersions which are too often thoughtlessly cast upon them, I cannot in justice to the cause which I espouse suffer the second letter of your correspondent Medium to pass without remark: although an incompetent, I would fain be at least a zealous advocate; but in order to quiet the apprehensions which you, Mr. Editor, might entertain as to the continuance of this controversy, I beg to say that it is not my intention to importune you with any future communication upon the subject of the choice of Musical Instruments.

Permit me in the first place to offer my acknowledgments to your Correspondent for the amiable manner in which he has noticed my letter; if we differ in opinion on the subject of Music, we coincide exactly as to the manner in which the discussion should be carried on; and I shall now therefore offer a few remarks in defence of the position laid down in my former letter, and which appears to your Correspondent so incredible. Without enlarging upon the wonderful effects which, it is asserted, Music has produced on many occasions, I return once more to Milton, and in order to support the suggestion to which I have just alluded, I beg leave to quote the following well known lines:

Then feed on thoughts that voluntary move
Harmonious numbers; as the wakeful bird
Sings darkling, and in shadiest covert hid,
Tunes her nocturnal note.

The constant recurrence of similar passages could only have arisen from the Poet's

great partiality for Music; and I really think that it would have been impossible for any person but an enthusiast, accomplished in the art, to descant so often and so well upon this favourite theme. If I were to transcribe every pass age in Milton's poetry in which the effect of his knowledge of music appears to me palpable, I should exceed all reasonable limits; for the fact is, that they every where occur; permit me, however, to add one more:

At last a soft and solemn breathing sound
Rose like a stream of rich distilled perfumes
And stole upon the air,

I was all ear
And took in strains that might create a soul
Under the ribs of Death.

Did I then advance exaggerated pretensions in favour of Music, when I suggested the possibility of its having facilitated the production of Milton's poetry? and may I not venture to flatter myself that I shall at length induce your Correspondent to be of my opinion? If he should be still incredulous, I'invite him to refer to the numerous places which, as I have before said, abound in the "immortal verse" of our countryman, and he will then, I am persuaded, be entirely convinced.

It is proper to be observed, in recommendation of a musical education, that without a knowledge of the art no one is able to value properly the fleeting beauties of which it is made up; and I hope I shall not give umbrage to your correspondent Medium, if I take the liberty to state to him candidly the inference I have drawn from the tenor of his observations: that is, that he is not a practical musician. Though 1 am myself but an indifferent performer, my opportunities during childhood having unfortunately been thrown away upon an instrument which both the state of my health and my own inclination has since prompted me to relinquish, yet even the proficiency I have made upon the Piano Forte is a source of great pleasure, as, with the aid of imagination, it enables me to recal in a vivid manner the impression produced by more perfect performances. I speak from my own experience when I assert that it is in the power of Music to excite very strong emotions; and it is merely because I am convinced that it may, when properly directed, be of great advantage, that I have been induced to advocate the cultivation of it so strenuously. If it is so insignificant and unimpressive as your correspondent Medium seems to imagine, and can serve no higher end than to fill up the hours of listless idlers, it should be rejected altogether, and should no more form part of a system of education than card-playing, or any other modish pastime.

It may not perhaps be considered intrusive, if, before I take my leave, I explain farther why I consider the Piano Forte as so eligible an instrument: it is of course understood that I only speak of it abstractedly, as many circumstances may arise which would render the choice of another more judicious: thus, for instance, when there are many individuals in a family, the

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