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This overweening foible breaks out on every instance. The late Mr. Cumberland wrote a pamphlet in answer to a publication of Dr. Watson's (Letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury), of which he says:—

"But he knew nothingof the subject, and misrepresented my design. He laid himself so open in every page of his performance, him, I should have made him sick of writing that, could I have condescended to answer pamphlets for the rest of his life."

when he stood for and carried the not only did he frame petitions and ad- of years were carried into effect. This Regius Professorship, neither a Bachelor dresses; not only did he deliver speeches is ludicrous enough in P. P. Clerk of nor Doctor of Divinity, which he says, in the House and stir in elections; but the Parish, "and as I said, lo! so did puzzled me for a moment: I had even his diocesan charges and episcopal | they ;" but in such a man as the Bishop only seven days to transact the business functions were tinged with party poli- of Landaff it is literally astonishing. in; but by hard travelling, and some tics, and man, peer, and bishop, were We could not. credit it upon any auadroitness, I accomplished my pur-alike whig-whig. Had we not most thority but his own; the authority of pose, obtained the king's mandate for distinctly stated our sentiments in re- the most unlimited egotism that was a doctor's degree, and was created a viewing a tory-sermon, that of Mr. ever linked to sterling and exalted doctor on the day previous to that ap- Bates at St. Paul's (Literary Gazette, powers of mind. pointed for the examination of the can- page 310) we should refrain on this didates." occasion from declaring how much we Though Dr. Watson's diligence soon disapprove of mingling politics with made him an accomplished chemist, it religion; the wrangling of men with the is a no less remarkable trait of Cam-worship of God. In this respect the bridge characteristics to elect a man to spiritual merged in the temporal with instruct others in a science of which he Dr. W. and he paints himself rather as himself was utterly ignorant; of the the sturdy citizen, obstinate and dispudivinity appointment we say nothing, tatious for his rights, than as the meek as our author seems only to regret that churchman, not neglectful of his prihe was not a good prosodian, and we vileges as a Briton, but holding even take it for granted he had no other de- these secondary to his holier offices as ficiencies, to render him ineligible for a Christian teacher, whose views exthat important station. tended beyond this sphere, and all its petty passions, and whose paramount duty to his brethren it was to "Allure to brighter worlds, and lead the way." Dr. Horsley called Dr. Hoadley republican bishop:" a great reproach; for unless a bishop meddled more with such things than became his situation, he would not be liable even to a false imputation of this kind. Dr. Watson disclaims being a republican, but loudly asserts his being a reformier, a lover of the revolution, a Liberal, and a hearty whig.

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The late Mr. Luther, M. P. for Essex, having in 1764 quarrelled with and separated from his wife, Dr. Watson hastened to Paris after his friend, and

This was in 1782; but in proof how sore Cumberland's despised pamphlets made him, we have them frequently noticed with signal displeasure, and even in 1806 they are not forgotten. In a letter to Mr. Hayley of 14th June, in the latter year, he says,

I

skill, without dirtying yourself by the nasty You have cut up Cumberland with skill, without dirtying yourself by the nasty have no curiosity to know, as I am certain operation. What he may have said of me, that I shall never be at the trouble of either correcting his misapprehensions, or refuting his malignity. I am aware that many years ago, he wrote two pamphlets against me, or rather against my political principles; for I had no personal acquaintance with him, and therefore could not have offended him. On reading one of these two productions, I

His constitution" (we have said it was ardent) being, as he informs us, page 44, ill fitted for celibacy," Dr. W. thought it better to marry than burn, and on the 21st of December 1773 espoused, at Lancaster, Miss Wilson, the eldest daughter of Edward Wilson, Esq. of Dallum Tower, Westmoreland, and the day after set out to take possession of a sinecure rectory in North Wales, procured for him by the Duke of Grafton, which he afterwards exchanged for a prebend in the church of Ely. In July, 1782, he was, through the Duke of Rutland's interest, promoted to the bishopric of Landaff by Lord Shelburne, who at that period succeeded to the administration, vacant by the death of Lord Rocking-succeeded in bringing about a recon-cupation, I threw my weapons into the fire, ham. This was the top of his prefer-ciliation. This was afterwards rememment, and as richer bishopricks passed bered in Mr. Luther's Will, by which away from his ambition, and were given the bishop was enriched to the amount to other, younger, and probably less of 20,000l. In disgust with the unlearned competitors, he soured and be availing pursuit of higher dignities, came discontented; blamed by turns upon this sum, and he limited revenues the King, the Queen, Mr. Pitt, Lord of Landaff, Dr. W. applied himself to Grenville, or whoever was minister at agriculture, and was very successful in the time, for overlooking his transcen- the cultivation of trees, and other exdent merit, and bestowing their fa-periments on a considerable scale, by vours on more pliant divines, and more subservient partizans, whom they pretend to choose for their orthodoxy and agreement in principles.

Fretted, but not subdued, Dr. Watson took an active part in the politics of the day; too active, as we think, for a dignitary of the church. Not only did he write anonymously in the journals, and utter pamphlets from the press;

sat down to answer it; but I soon found that I was heating myself with cudgelling a dwarf, and, disdaining such a miserable ocand left him to sleep in peace:"—

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This is a sinister compliment to Mr. Hayley, who is commended as a dexte· rous combatant in cutting up his equal the dwarf. But Dr. Watson is never prone to put any person's talents in competition with his own. All those who argue against him are mere Himsy Lilliputians, and he is the very Gulliver of politics and literature. Paley is tolerwhich he added handsomely to his in-ably clever, but his ethics and politics come. He again and again protests only so-so; Mr. Pitt a man of a "little that he has relinquished politics; but and revengeful mind," (page 238); still on every occasion we find him Lord Eldon (who neglected to answer volunteering advice to the ministers, one of the Bishop's letters) of very and either piqued at the little attention limited capacity; Dr. Cornwallis, Archsometimes paid to his suggestions, or bishop of Canterbury, (guilty of the taking to himself great praise for hav- same fault) wife-ridden, and of no ing originated in this way measures of abilities; and, in short, every being, much consequence, which in the course who either opposed, or slighted, or dif

fered from the infallible Bishop of Lan- Narrative of my Captivity in Japan, fifty of these sorely oppressed people, Lan-Narrative whose bodies are entirely covered with

OF Japan so little is truly known, that
nothing can be published respecting
that Empire which is not interesting.
This work is eminently so; for to the
abundant notices it contains of Japan-

short hairs, and whom their Japanese

daff, were ignorant, or venal, or weak. during the years 1811, 1812, and It is to be confessed, however, that he 1813; with Observations on the Country is not invariably consistent in these opinions. It was immediately after and the People. By CAPTAIN GOLOW-conquerors use like the beasts, which, NIN, R.N. 2 vols. 8vo. &c. &c. in this covering, they resemble. From the Bishoprick of Durham was disthis island they sailed to the eastern posed of, contrary to his application to coast of Ooroop, and encountering Mr. Pitt, that the latter is spoken of in contrary winds for some time, on the illiberal manner we have quoted: the 4th of July they reached the elsewhere (page 429) the Bishop says, Straits between Matsmai and Kimas"I always had a regard for him," and chier, into the harbour of the latter "I knew that his talents and disinter-ese laws, manners, and customs, it of which they entered on the following estedness merited my esteem, and that joins the most affecting narrative of the morning. It would extend this sketch of every impartial man!!" adventures and sufferings of the author far beyond the limits we prescribe for Similar inconsistency appears on and his companions in captivity, than it, were we to enter into a detail of all many of the subjects which are broach- which romance of real life, no story the transactions which ensued between ed in these anecdotes. Neither on the ever coined by the brain, can lay a Captain Golownin and the Japanese. Catholic question, on the Irish Union, more irresistible hold on the attention Suffice it to say, that he, with two on the French Revolution, nor on and feelings of the reader. The East- officers, (Mr. Moor, a midshipman, other important topics, is there that ern colouring of the scenery, and cha- and Mr. Chlebnikoff, a pilot,) four uniformity of sentiment which we ex-racteristics of the actors greatly en- sailors, and a Russian Kurile named pected from so able a reasoner. But the hance the novelty and charm of this Alexei, in all eight persons, were enticed truth is, that with all Dr. W.'s boasts eventful history; and the air of fiction on shore to a conference, surrounded of sturdy independence, it is clear that which belongs to the extraordinary by armed men, seized, tied with ropes, his passions operated strongly at differ-circumstances of which it is composed and marched prisoners up the country. ent periods, as he hoped for, or wasis advantageously contrasted with its The senior officer on board the Diana, disappointed in promotion, in affecting truth, carrying conviction with every Lieut. Ricord, could do nothing to rehis views of men and things. Though particular, and with the simplicity of a lieve his companions, thus treacherhe tells us, indecorously enough, relation at once extraordinary and un-ously entrapped, and returned to Okotzk "I had not the usual prudence, shall I call questionable. to devise with the Russian governor it, or selfish caution, of my profession, at the means for their deliverance. Meanany time of life. Ortus a quercu non a while, bound in the cruelest manner, alice, I knew not how to lend my prinwith cords round their breasts and necks, ciples to the circumstances of the times.". their elbows almost constrained to We do not observe that he missed touch, and their hands firmly manacled many opportunities of urging his claim together, from all which fastenings a string, held by a Japanese keeper, proceeded, who could in an instant tighten the nooses to helplessness or strangulation, these unfortunate men were marched for fifty days, till they reached a prison at a city called Chakodale. Thence, after being confined some time, they were transported to Matsmai, where they were literally imprisoned in large cages. Here they underwent daily and protracted examinations of the strangest nature; but their treatment became gradually ameliorated: their food was better, they were removed under a guard to a house, and were frequently allowed to walk for exercise and health. Despairing of being restored to their country, on the 20th of April an attempt at escape was made by all but Moor and Alexei. The fugitives underwent incredible hardships, and after ten days wandering were retaken, and carried back to their cages. They received, however, no further ill-treatment: and the conduct of the government of Japan is painted, in all the prior and subsequent pro

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It appears that the Emperor of
Russia attempted to open a commercial
intercourse with Japan, in 1803, through
the negotiation of the Chamberlain
Resanoff, which ended in a prohibition
from that jealous government, forbid-

to vacant Sees, Durham, Carlisle, Ches-ding all Russian vessels to approach the
ter, Bangor, or Canterbury; and in a
man whose profession' was the gospel
ministry, we hold the above inuendo to
be as illiberal as it is unjust. The
present Bench of Bishops, many of
whom have risen over Dr. Watson and
provoked his spleen, affords as eminent
examples of worth, learning, and piety,
as ever graced the annals of the Pro-ese villages on the coasts of the Kurile
testant Church, and such a sneer
only recoils with discredit on the head

coasts of Japan. Resanoff afterwards
sailed to America in one of the Ameri-
can Company's ships, commanded by
Lieut. Chwostoff, and died soon after
his return to Okotzk. This Chwostoff
seems to have been a bad subject: he
sailed again, and without provocation
attacked and plundered several Japan-

of its author.

We cannot see without pain the name of a person so respectable in other points, connected not only with such imputations as this, but with vulgar insinuations respecting our revered Monarch, his exemplary Queen, and much that is venerable both in individuals and Institutions. It is reported that the editor (the Rev. Richard Watson) has blotted a great deal: does he not now wish that he had blotted more, and not have afforded so much matter for prurient faction to quote

and revel in?

(To be continued.)

Islands, thus widening the misunder-
standing which already existed between
the countries. Of this breach Captain
Golownin was the unfortunate victim.
Having received orders to visit the
southern Kurile Islands, some of which
are in the possession of the Japanese,
he sailed in the Diana sloop, and on
the 17th of June, 1811, arrived off the
northern extremity of Eetoorpoo, where
some cominunication took place with
the inhabitants, who induced the Rus-
sians to sail for Oorbeetsh, under the
hope of obtaining water and provisions.
At Eetoorpoo they saw a toian, or chief,
of that singular aboriginal race of these
islands, the Hairy Kuriles, and about

when he stood for and carried the Regius Professorship, neither a Bachelor nor Doctor of Divinity, which he says, "puzzled me for a moment: I had only seven days to transact the business in; but by hard travelling, and some adroitness, I accomplished my purpose, obtained the king's mandate for a doctor's degree, and was created a doctor on the day previous to that appointed for the examination of the candidates."

Though Dr. Watson's diligence soon made him an accomplished chemist, it is a no less remarkable trait of Cambridge characteristics to elect a man to instruct others in a science of which he himself was utterly ignorant of the divinity appointment we say nothing, as our author seems only to regret that he was not a good prosodian, and we take it for granted he had no other deficiencies, to render him ineligible for that important station.

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of years were carried into effect. This is ludicrous enough in P. P. Clerk of the Parish, "and as I said, lo! so did they;" but in such a man as the Bishop of Landaff it is literally astonishing. We could not. credit it upon any authority but his own; the authority of the most unlimited egotism that was ever linked to sterling and exalted powers of mind.

This overweening foible breaks out on every instance. The late Mr. Cumberland wrote a pamphlet in answer to a publication of Dr. Watson's (Letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury), of which he says :—

"But he knew nothingof the subject, and misrepresented my design. He laid himself so open in every page of his performance, that, could I have condescended to answer him, I should have made him sick of writing

pamphlets for the rest of his life."

This was in 1782; but in proof how sore Cumberland's despised pamphlets noticed with signal displeasure, and made him, we have them frequently even in 1806 they are not forgotten. In a letter to Mr. Hayley of 14th June, in the latter year, he says,

not only did he frame petitions and addresses; not only did he deliver speeches in the House and stir in elections; but even his diocesan charges and episcopal functions were tinged with party politics, and man, peer, and bishop, were alike whig-whig. Had we not most distinctly stated our sentiments in reviewing a tory-sermon, that of Mr. Bates at St. Paul's (Literary Gazette, page 310) we should refrain on this occasion from declaring how much we disapprove of mingling politics with religion; the wrangling of men with the worship of God. In this respect the spiritual merged in the temporal with Dr. W. and he paints himself rather as the sturdy citizen, obstinate and disputatious for his rights, than as the meek churchman, not neglectful of his privileges as a Briton, but holding even these secondary to his holier offices as a Christian teacher, whose views extended beyond this sphere, and all its His "constitution" (we have said petty passions, and whose paramount it was ardent) being, as he informs us, duty to his brethren it was to page 44, ill fitted for celibacy," "Allure to brighter worlds, and lead the way." Dr. W. thought it better to marry than burn, and on the 21st of December Dr. Horsley called Dr. Hoadley 1773 espoused, at Lancaster, Miss republican bishop:" a great reproach; Wilson, the eldest daughter of Edward for unless a bishop meddled more with Wilson, Esq. of Dallum Tower, West- such things than became his situation, moreland, and the day after set out to he would not be liable even to a false take possession of a sinecure rectory imputation of this kind. Dr. Watson in North Wales, procured for him by disclaims being a republican, but the Duke of Grafton, which he after-loudly asserts his being a reformer, a wards exchanged for a prebend in the lover of the revolution, a Liberal, and church of Ely. In July, 1782, he a hearty whig. was, through the Duke of Rutland's interest, promoted to the bishopric of Landaff by Lord Shelburne, who at that period succeeded to the administration, vacant by the death of Lord Rockingham. This was the top of his prefer-ciliation. This was afterwards rememment, and as richer bishopricks passed bered in Mr. Luther's Will, by which This is a sinister compliment to Mr. away from his ambition, and were given the bishop was enriched to the amount Hayley, who is commended as a dexte to other, younger, and probably less of 20,000l. In disgust with the un- rous combatant in cutting up his equal learned competitors, he soured and be availing pursuit of higher dignities, the dwarf. But Dr. Watson is never came discontented; blamed by turns upon this sum, and he limited revenues prone to put any person's talents in the King, the Queen, Mr. Pitt, Lord of Landaff, Dr. W. applied himself to competition with his own. All those Grenville, or whoever was minister at agriculture, and was very successful in who argue against him are mere flimsy the time, for overlooking his transcen- the cultivation of trees, and other ex- Lilliputians, and he is the very Gulliver dent merit, and bestowing their fa- periments on a considerable scale, by of politics and literature. Paley is tolervours on more pliant divines, and which he added handsomely to his in-ably clever, but his ethics and politics more subservient partizans, whom they come. He again and again protests pretend to choose for their orthodoxy that he has relinquished politics; but and agreement in principles. still on every occasion we find him volunteering advice to the ministers, and either piqued at the little attention sometimes paid to his suggestions, or taking to himself great praise for having originated in this way micasures of much consequence, which in the course

Fretted, but not subdued, Dr. Watson took an active part in the politics of the day; too active, as we think, for a dignitary of the church. Not only did he write anonymously in the journals, and utter pamphlets from the press;

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"You have cut up Cumberland with skill, without dirtying yourself by the nasty have no curiosity to know, as I am certain operation. What he may have said of me, that I shall never be at the trouble of either correcting his misapprehensions, or refuting his malignity. I am aware that many years ago, he wrote two pamphlets against me, or rather against my political principles; for I had no personal acquaintance with him, and therefore could not have offended him. The late Mr. Luther, M.P. for Essex. On reading one of these two productions, I having in 1764 quarrelled with and sat down to answer it; but I soon found separated from his wife, Dr. Watson that I was heating myself with cudgelling a hastened to Paris after his friend, and dwarf, and, disdaining such a miserable ocsucceeded in bringing about a recon-cupation, I threw my weapons into the fire, and left him to sleep in peace:"—

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only so-so; Mr. Pitt a man of a "little and revengeful mind," (page 238); Lord Eldon (who neglected to answer one of the Bishop's letters) of very limited capacity; Dr. Cornwallis, Archbishop of Canterbury, (guilty of the same fault) wife-ridden, and of no abilities; and, in short, every being, who either opposed, or slighted, or dif

fered from the infallible Bishop of Lan- Narrative of my Captivity in Japan, | fifty of these sorely oppressed people,

during the years 1811, 1812, and
1813; with Observations on the Country
and the People. By CAPTAIN GOLOW-
NIN, R. N. 2 vols. 8vo. &c. &c.

daff, were ignorant, or venal, or weak.
It is to be confessed, however, that he
is not invariably consistent in these
opinions. It was immediately after
the Bishoprick of Durham was dis-
posed of, contrary to his application to Or Japan so little is truly known, that
Mr. Pitt, that the latter is spoken of in nothing can be published respecting
the illiberal manner we have quoted: that Empire which is not interesting.
elsewhere (page 429) the Bishop says, This work is eminently so; for to the
"I always had a regard for him," and abundant notices it contains of Japan-
"I knew that his talents and disinter-ese laws, manners, and customs, it
estedness merited my esteem, and that joins the most affecting narrative of the
of every impartial man!!"
adventures and sufferings of the author
Similar inconsistency appears on and his companions in captivity, than
many of the subjects which are broach- which romance of real life, no story
ed in these anecdotes. Neither on the ever coined by the brain, can lay a
Catholic question, on the Irish Union, more irresistible hold on the attention
on the French Revolution, nor on and feelings of the reader. The East-
other important topics, is there that ern colouring of the scenery, and cha-
uniformity of sentiment which we ex-racteristics of the actors greatly en-
pected from so able a reasoner. But the
truth is, that with all Dr. W.'s boasts
of sturdy independence, it is clear that
his passions operated strongly at differ-
ent periods, as he hoped for, or was
disappointed in promotion, in affecting
his views of men and things. Though
he tells us, indecorously enough,
"I had not the usual prudence, shall I call
it, or selfish caution, of my profession, at
any time of life. Ortus a quercu non
salice, I knew not how to lend my prin-
ciples to the circumstances of the times."

whose bodies are entirely covered with short hairs, and whom their Japanese conquerors use like the beasts, which, in this covering, they resemble. From this island they sailed to the eastern coast of Ooroop, and encountering contrary winds for some time, on the 4th of July they reached the Straits between Matsmai and Kimaschier, into the harbour of the latter of which they entered on the following morning. It would extend this sketch far beyond the limits we prescribe for it, were we to enter into a detail of all the transactions which ensued between Captain Golownin and the Japanese. Suffice it to say, that he, with two officers, (Mr. Moor, a midshipman, and Mr. Chlebnikoff, a pilot,) four sailors, and a Russian Kurile named hance the novelty and charm of this Alexei, in all eight persons, were enticed eventful history; and the air of fiction on shore to a conference, surrounded which belongs to the extraordinary by armed men, seized, tied with ropes, circumstances of which it is composed and marched prisoners up the country. is advantageously contrasted with its The senior officer on board the Diana, truth, carrying conviction with every Lieut. Ricord, could do nothing to reparticular, and with the simplicity of a lieve his companions, thus treacherrelation at once extraordinary and un-ously entrapped, and returned to Okotzk questionable. to devise with the Russian governor the means for their deliverance. Meanwhile, bound in the eruelest manner, with cords round their breasts and necks, their elbows almost constrained to touch, and their hands firmly manacled together, from all which fastenings a string, held by a Japanese keeper, procoasts of Japan. Resanoff afterwards ceeded, who could in an instant tighten sailed to America in one of the Ameri- the nooses to helplessness or strangucan Company's ships, commanded by lation, these unfortunate men were Lieut. Chwostoff, and died soon after marched for fifty days, till they reached his return to Okotzk. This Chwostoff a prison at a city called Chakodale. seems to have been a bad subject: he Thence, after being confined some time, sailed again, and without provocation they were transported to Matsmai, attacked and plundered several Japan- where they were literally imprisoned in ese villages on the coasts of the Kurile large cages. Here they underwent Islands, thus widening the misunder- daily and protracted examinations of standing which already existed between the strangest nature; but their treatthe countries. Of this breach Captainment became gradually ameliorated: We cannot see without pain the Golownin was the unfortunate victim. their food was better, they were rename of a person so respectable in Having received orders to visit the moved under a guard to a house, and other points, connected not only with southern Kurile Islands, some of which were frequently allowed to walk for such imputations as this, but with vulare in the possession of the Japanese, exercise and health. Despairing of gar insinuations respecting our revered he sailed in the Diana sloop, and on being restored to their country, on the Monarch, his exemplary Queen, and the 17th of June, 1811, arrived off the 20th of April an attempt at escape was much that is venerable both in indi-northern extremity of Eetoorpoo, where made by all but Moor and Alexei. viduals and Institutions. It is reported some communication took place with The fugitives underwent incredible that the editor (the Rev. Richard Wat- the inhabitants, who induced the Rus-hardships, and after ten days wandering son) has blotted a great deal: does sians to sail for Oorbeetsh, under the were retaken, and carried back to their he not now wish that he had blotted hope of obtaining water and provisions. cages. They received, however, no more, and not have afforded so much At Eetoorpoo they saw a toian, or chief, further ill-treatment: and the conduct matter for prurient faction to quote of that singular aboriginal race of these of the government of Japan is painted, islands, the Hairy Kuriles, and about in all the prior and subsequent pro

It appears that the Emperor of Russia attempted to open a commercial intercourse with Japan, in 1803, through the negotiation of the Chamberlain Resanoff, which ended in a prohibition from that jealous government, förbid

We do not observe that he missed many opportunities of urging his claim to vacant Sees, Durham, Carlisle, Ches-ding all Russian vessels to approach the ter, Bangor, or Canterbury; and in a man whose profession' was the gospel ministry, we hold the above inuendo to be as illiberal as it is unjust. The present Bench of Bishops, many of whom have risen over Dr. Watson and provoked his spleen, affords as eminent examples of worth, learning, and piety, as ever graced the annals of the Protestant Church, and such a sneer only recoils with discredit on the head

of its author.

and revel in?

(To be continued.)

ceedings, as a very curious mixture of severity and kindness; always equable, and always suspicious, aiming at the discovery of the motives of Russia, through investigations the most patient, persevering, and cunning; immoveable in adhering to established forms and laws; but withal doing every thing, consistent with the security of their prisoners, to render their loss of liberty as consoling as possible. Some of these matters will be further explained in our extracts : and we hasten to wind up the narrative, by stating, that at the end of two years and two months, the negotiations between Siberia and Japan, conducted by the friendly zeal of Lieut. Ricord, were brought to a successful issue, the affair of Chwostoff was satisfactorily accounted for, and Captain Golownin and his comrades restored to their families and country.

The chief part of the facts related in these volumes, being detached from the thread of the main story, which details the proceedings of the Japanese authorities, and the behaviour of the prisoners, it will not be easy to preserve any very regular connexion in those points which we select as best calculated to illustrate the peculiar habits and situation of this country; but if the mass furnishes, as we think it will, a lively picture of what is most worthy of observation, we trust the matter will be an apology for the manner.

Among the Japanese customs, it is one not the least singular, to cover all their fortification outside with cloth, as if to dress the walls for war. White, black, and dark blue striped hangings, conceal entirely the nature of these defences. Their guns are few, and in bad condition; and their gunpowder of an inferior quality. The dress, &c. of the officers and soldiers may be gathered from the following:

"I had not long to wait for the governor (of Kimaschier, the person who managed their seizure): he soon appeared, completely armed, and accompanied by two soldiers, one of whom carried his long spear, and the other his cap, or helmet, which was adorned with a figure of the moon. In other respects it somewhat resembled the crowns which are occasionally worn at nuptial-ceremonies in Russia. It is scarcely possible to conceive any thing more ludicrous than the manner in which the governor walked his eyes were cast down and fixed upon the earth, his hands pressed close against his sides; he besides proceeded at so slow a pace, that he scarcely extended one foot beyond the

other, and kept his feet as wide apart as though a stream of water had been running

betwixt them."

The next visit on shore was the fatal one of the 11th of July:

"We proceeded to the castle. On entering the gate, I was astonished at the number of men I saw assembled there. Of soldiers alone, I observed from three to four hundred, armed with muskets, bows and arrows, and spears, sitting in a circle, in an open space to the right on the left a countless multitude of Kuriles surrounded a tent of striped cotton cloth, erected about thirty paces from the gate.

"We were

:

A number of their domestic habits

are described by Captain Golownin, from whose notes we copy the annexed:

"The Japanese beds consist, according to the circumstances of the owners, of large silken or cotton quilts; these quilts are lined with thick wadding, which is taken out previous to their being washed. The Japanese fold thin coverlets double, and spread them on the floor, which, even in the humblest cottages, is covered with beautiful soft straw inats. On retiring to rest, they wrap themselves in large nightdresses, with short full sleeves; these are soon introduced into the likewise either of cotton or silk, and are tent, on a seat opposite to the entrance of thickly wadded. Instead of pillows, they He wore a rich silk dress, with a complete various forms. The common people place which the governor had placed himself. make use of pieces of wood, carved in suit of armour, and had two sabres under under their heads a piece of round wood, his girdle. A long cord of white silk passed hollow at one end, and from custom, sleep over his shoulder; at one end of this cord as soundly on this as on the softest pillow. was a tassel of the same material, and at The higher, or richer class, make use of a the other a steel baton, which he held in very neat box, about eleven inches high, to his hand, and which was doubtless the the lid of which an oval cushion is affixed, symbol of his authority. His armour- from six to eight inches in length, and from bearers, one holding a spear, another a two to three in breadth. The box contains musket, and a third his helmet, sat behind articles which they make use of at the him on the floor. The helmet resembled toilette, such as razors, scissors, pomatum, that of the second officer, with this differ-tooth-brushes, powder, &c." ence, that instead of the moon, it bore the image of the sun. This officer now sat on the left of the governor (the left is the seat of honour among the Japanese), on a seat somewhat lower; he too had his armourbearers behind him. Four officers were sitting cross-legged on the floor on each side of the tent; they wore black armour, and had each two sabres. On our entrance, the governor and lieutenant-governor both rose up; we saluted them in our own manner, and they returned the compliment."

The entertainment consisted of tea, pipes and tobacco, rice, fish with a green sauce, and other savoury dishes; and concluded, as we have mentioned, with the seizure of the too unsuspicious guests. At other places we find even the common soldiers clothed in rich silks, and their chiefs sometimes holding a sort of balance, as the symbol of authority. The captain of the guard on the prisoners, in approaching one of these upon the march, knelt down, and continued long in conversation, with his head inclined towards the

earth.

"Old men are usually appointed to the rank which corresponds with that of a serjeant or corporal. They are styled kuminokagshra, or rice commissaries, because their business chiefly consists in receiving rice from the magazines, and dealing it out among the soldiers; for in Japan, a portion of the soldier's pay is given in rice. In Matsmai, and on the Kurile islands, they receive a small sum of money along with the rice.

They are a diminutive race of people, and, with very few exceptions, the Russians, though only middle-sized men, looked like giants among them. They eat no meat, and their caution in every business of life bespeaks a degree of timidity which may be denominated cowardice. The whole population, and particularly the women, of whom we hear very little, contemplated the prisoners with pity and compassion. From different individuals, and from their guards, they experienced many a secret kindness. Tea, comfits, fruits, sugar, and sagi, or saki, the wine of Japan, were often privately administered to

their wants.

"The Japanese have tea of native growth, both black and green: the former is, however, very bad; it is like the Chinese tea only in colour, but bears no resemblance to it in taste or smell. The Japanese constantly drink it both warm and cold, without sugar, as the Russians do kivass: as for the green tea, they drink it seldom, and as a luxury. They previously roast or heat it at the fire, in paper canisters, until the vapour issuing from it has a very strong smell; it is then thrown into a copper teakettle, containing boiling water, and thus acquires a particular flavour, of which the Japanese are very fond, though it proved most disagreeable to us: they have no loaf sugar. Muscovado of the best sort is brought them by the Dutch; it is sold in

* They call the Dutch "Orando," and the Cape of Good Hope "Kabo."

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