Catholic monastery in defiance of the Bishop; he and those who followed him were subjected in consequence to much annoyance. Newman, however, was still on what he called his " Anglican deathbed," and could not die until, in October 1845, his last doubts were removed, and he was received into the Roman Catholic Church by a Passionist Father, who came to Littlemore for that purpose. Newman embodied his long struggle in the Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine. After a visit to Cardinal Wiseman at Oscott, Newman left Littlemore and Oxford in February 1846, and proceeded to Rome, where he joined the community of St. Philip Neri, "the saint of gentleness and kindness." Returning to England in 1848, he founded the Oratory at Birmingham. In the same

year Newman's first Catholic volume, Loss and Gain, was published; it is a sort of novel of Oxford undergraduate life in the Tractarian days. Next year he published his Discourses Addressed to Mixed Congregations, marked by a greater joyousness and liberty of speech than any of his previous sermons; and in 1850 he went further still in his Lectures on Anglican Difficulties, delivered in London; the effect of these latter was instant and far-reaching. Newman had now become a great force in English religious life, and was the object of widespread alarm and dislike. These concentrated themselves in the Achilli libel suit, in the course of which an English jury mulcted Newman, by damages and costs together, of £12,000, a sum immediately paid by a subscription of the whole Catholic world. 1854 he was appointed Rector of the new Roman University in Dublin, and there he published, anonymously, his prose romance of Callista. Newman returned in 1858 to Birmingham, and founded a Catholic College at Edgbaston, which continued to be his home for the remainder of his life. For some years his career was now a very quiet one, but his name was in 1864 brought violently before the public by Charles Kingsley, who opened a singularly infelicitous attack upon him. The controversy culminated in Kingsley's boisterous What then does Dr. Newman mean? to which the Father replied, with infinite dignity and wit, in the Apologia pro Vitâ Sud of the same year, this has been the most popular and most widely influential of all Newman's works. In 1870 he was perhaps less successful with a more ambitious Grammar of Assent. In the meantime he had published the longest of his poems, The Dream of Gerontius

Angel. I

I had it

age before me, and I saw
The Judge severe i'en in the Crucifix.
Now that the hour is come, my fear is fled;
And at this balance of my destiny,
Now close upon me, I can forward look
with a serenest joy

It is because th
that

Then thou didst fear, and now thou dost not fear.
Thou hadst forestalled the agony, and to
• For thee the bitterness of death is passed
Also, because already

in thy soul

The pidyment is begun. That day of doom.
One and the same for the collected world,
That solemn consummation for all flesh.
Is, in the case
of each, anticipated
Expon his death; and, as the last great day
In the particular judgment

So now too,

a rehearsed,

ere there comest to the Throne.

A presage falls upon thee, as a ray

Straight from the judge, expressive of thy lot
That calm and joy, uprising in thy soul,

Is first. fruit to thee of thy recompense,
And heaven begun.

Facsimile Page of the MS. of Newman's "Dream of Gerontius"