we trust that encouragement and reward will accelerate their appearance in the literary horizon.

The See of York was founded by Edwin the Saxon king of Northumberland, early in the seventh century; and the first Church, or mere temporary structure, erected about the year 627, after his majesty's baptism there by Paulinus. This Paulinus was at no great distance of time, consecrated by Honorius, and became the first Archbishop of York. The minster, now standing, was built after the year 1171, all those before it, having been destroyed by various accidents; and the author thus characterizes it-

:

tract of country. The foreground is both
curious and picturesque. On the brow of a
high bank, with a deep scarp and counter-
walk of communication on the inside at
is an embattled wall, with a terrace
scarp,
irregular intervals are projecting bastions,
for the purpose of enfilading the wall.
This fortification extended round the whole
city, excepting at the places where the river
intersected it. On the opposite banks, at
these points, there were fortified towers,
from which chains formerly extended across
the river.

have been infinitely better expressed had he left out several of the words which are tautalogical, and rather confusing italics in our quotation will designate the than strengthening to the sense. blemish.

The

We now close this journey with the

arrival at Souakin.

After a march of nine hours, (the general direction N. N. E.) four of which had been occupied in ascending, we came to a spot where the valley, having reached the summit, becomes level for about five hundred yards; here we encamped. We had met with several Hadendoa families near the pools of water; and, as they are reputed to be great thieves, we determined to continue our march thus far, as we thought they would follow us no farther in the woods. One of the men asserted, that in coming up the valley he had seen a monkey among the trees, and I was informed that these animals are not unfrequently met with in this place, and that they are very common on the western road to Souakin, which leads over the same chain of mountains. We saw many gazelles, and several hares. The heat of the day, which had become particularly oppressive inproaching to a wild state. Whole herds are the lower plain, between the high mountains, here left to pasture without the care of either was here succeeded by a chilling cold. We men or dogs; the Hadendoa keep them allighted many fires, and the fear of robbers most entirely for their milk and flesh, very kept us awake the greater part of the night. few being employed as beasts of burthen; I killed a scorpion just by my fire. they appeared to be frightened at the apin-proach of men and of loaded camels, a circumstance I had never witnessed before. In the Arabian and Syrian deserts, the camels when grazing, come running and frisking towards any strange camel which they perceive at a distance, and they easily obey even the call of strangers, provided they are Bedouins, like their own masters. The herds of camels which we saw this day were, like those of Nubia, in general of a white colour. The acacia trees in this plain are stunted, owing to the violent winds to which they are exposed. I observed a parasitic species of cactus growing upon all of them, and completely covering some of them like a net.

articles of traffic; the white being sold | passed me without uttering a loud shriek, | parations and butter, is calculated to excite privately to Souakin merchants. They and then laughing. After marching two thirst in the greatest degree. It is a general now began to ascend the mountains. hours and a half, we halted under a thick custom in the caravans in these parts, as well cover of acacia trees, in low ground, called as in the Arabian deserts, never to drink, On the 19th, he continuesWady Shenkera. The slaves had to bring except when the whole caravan halts for a water from an hour's distance in the moun- few minutes for that purpose; the time of tain. doing this is, in the slave caravans, about nine o'clock in the morning, and twice during the afternoon's march, namely, about four and six o'clock. In the forenoon also, June 25th.-We set out soon after mid- every one drinks at the halting of the caranight, and travelled over a rocky plain. van, and again after the meal; and the same When the sun rose, we saw the sea about five rule is observed in the evening. To drink hours distant. The soil now began to be while others do not, exposes a man to be constrongly impregnated with salt; a bitter sa-sidered effeminate, and to the opprobrious line crust covering its surface in many places saying, that "his mouth is tied to that of the to the depth of several inches. The atmos-water-skin."-(Fomoh marboutt alá kháshm phere arising from this soil, rendered still el gerbé), and it is otherwise imprudent, as more saline by the sea breezes, had made the opening of the water-skin at an unusual the branches of all the trees as black as if time subjects the traveller to importunities they had been charred; and it was with diffi- which it is not always prudent to reject; but culty that the herds of camels of forty or fifty none thinks of asking such a favour when the together, could find out a few green leaves. whole caravan halts to drink. Those who I had never seen the camel so nearly ap-have many slaves fill the large wooden bowl in which dinner is served up, and place it on the ground, when the slaves kneel down and drink out of it half a dozen times, as cattle do out of a trough; this is done to prevent the waste of water that would be occasioned by each having a separate allowance. Travellers in these journies drink a great quantity of water when it is plentiful, I do not exaggerate when I say that I have often drank in the afternoon, at one draught, as much as would fill two common waterbottles. To drink three or four times a day is considered short allowance; few Blacks and Arabs, when water is abundant, drink less than six or seven times daily; but when the S. E. wind blows no quantity is sufficient to keep the mouth moist, and one wishes to drink every quarter of an hour.

The climate here is delicious and vigorating.

Notwithstanding the steepness of the mountain, there are trees to its very summit, exhibiting an interesting and novel sight to me, who had seen nothing like it since I quitted Syria. There are numberless ravines, through which the torrents are precipitated into the plain during the rains, when they must form so many cascades boiling over the rocks, and presenting altogether a grand spectacle. Many Sedar trees grow in the plain. Here again the slaves caught locusts, which they roasted over the fire, after taking out the entrails. From Wady Moez we continued over even but rocky ground, four hours farther, when we halted.

June 23d.-The country before us presented a valley (called Wady Osyr) of at least four hours in breadth, bordered on the east side by low hills. We continued our route close to the high western chain; the whole plain is full of trees and shrubs, and in every low ground was herbage, now parched up. We passed another encampment of Hadendoa, with large herds of camels; they appear to live here in perfect security from any surprise by their enemies. We also met a travelling party of Hadendoa, with their women and tents; the women were seated upon the camels, on high saddles, fantastically decorated, with three or four poles sticking out in front, beyond the animal's head, having the extremities ornamented with large bunches of black ostrich feathers. The African, like the Arabian Bedouins, seem to display elegance of equipment in the decorations of their women only: leathern tassels of different sizes, small bells, and whites hells, from the Read Sea, contributed to the ornament of the harness and saddles of the camels. None of the women

After marching four hours, we took the direction of N. by E. and approached a mountain branching into the plain, from the main chain of Dyaab. It is called the mountain of Gangerab, and is inhabited by families of Hadendoa, who supply Souakin with butter and milk during the summer, when no cattle is to be found near that place. We encamped during the mid-day hours at some distance from the mountain, and were much distressed for water, having taken a very small supply on the 23d. The Souakin merchants, who knew the country well, hired, without our knowledge, an Arab, who brought them several camel loads of water from the mountain, which we in vain intreated them to share with ourselves and slaves. No idea can be formed by Europeans of the quantity of water necessary for drinking, cooking, and washing during a journey through these countries, but more particularly to allay the thirst of the traveller, whose palate is continually parched by the effects of the fiery ground and air, who has been confined perhaps for several days to a short allowance of water; and who lives upon food which, consisting of farinaceous pre

The number of houses in Souakin is about six hundred, of which two thirds are in ruins, for the madrepore with which they are built soon decays, unless constantly kept in repair. The only public buildings in the town are three mosques. In the suburb El Geyf, are a few houses of stone, built rather in the Sondan than Arabian style, having large court-yards; the other dwellings are formed of mats, like those of the Nubian Bedouins.

There are many other parts of this work which deserve extract and eulogy; but the variety of the demands upon our attention precludes us from conveniently adding further to this review without encroaching on other duties.

ANALYSIS OF THE JOURNAL DES SAVANS

FOR OCTOBER, 1819.
PERSIA.

Art. I. Sir William Ouseley's Travels in
Persia, vol. I. (2d Article).

In a preceding article we took a survey of the contents of this interesting volume, which has we hope given our readers a general idea of its value. Mr. de Sacy, in this second part of his review, goes far more into

He relates some anecdotes on this subject, | dence, philosophy, archæology, and
and the whole may be considered as a dis- philology, may expect to derive nu-
sertation equally instructive and curious.
merous advantages.

At a short distance from the city of Schiraz, the embassy had to pass over a piece of ground, which served but a short time ago for the exercise of the game called tchougan or tennis on horseback. This is the subject of another dissertation, which Sir W. Ouseley has likewise placed in the appendix, Number 6. This game, which has been described by many travellers, and is continually alluded to by the Persian writers and poets, was formerly the most usual amuse

ARTS AND SCIENCES.

CURIOUS ANTIQUITIES.

"We have observed (says he) in our notice of the second journey of Mr. Morier, that according to that traveller, some of the sculptures at Schapour, represent the triumph of Sapor over the Emperor Valerian. The author is also of this opinion, and shews that the taking of Valerian, and his shameful captivity, were not unknown to the oriental historians. The carved monuments of Schapour and of its environs cover vast areas, and have a great number of figures. Several of these pictures, if I may be alment of the princes and great men. Sir W.manship. Learned antiquarians, who have

lowed the expression, form parallelograms forty feet in length by twenty in height. The number of these monuments, their size, and the multitude of figures, cause the pencil to fall from the hand of the traveller, who can scarcely give a few hours to the superficial inspection of so many curious objects, and perhaps, many a European will still visit them, as Sir W. Ouseley has done, before one will be found to have the courage, or the time, to do for these antiquities, what Cornelius le Bruyn and Niebuhr have done for those of Persepolis.

Our traveller does not think that any of the monuments which adorn the ruins of Schapour are of a more remote period than that of the Sassanide Prince whose name the city bears; yet if we may believe the oriental historians, Schapour has taken the place of a much more ancient city, named Dindila, or Dindiladar, the origin of which belongs to the reign of Tahmouras, surnamed Diobend (Conqueror of the Dives or evil genii), that is to say, the fabulous ages of the ancient empire of the Persians. The destruction of Dindiladar is ascribed to Alexander.

Sir W. Ouseley, speaking of the different superstitions prevalent in Persia, mentions one in particular, which consists in a peculiar kind of worship paid to certain trees, which are called dirakht-i-fazel, that is, excellent tree, and to which fragments of stuffs, of every kind and every colour, are suspended by way of vow or offering. Sir W. Ouseley

has convinced himself that this sort of con

Wiesbaden, Jan. There are at present in our city two very remarkable objects, of the highest antiquity, namely, a cylinder of red jasper, with winged human figures, birds, and an inscription cut on it, apparently of exquisite workscen it, are of opinion that it is of the time of the ancient Persian Kings, from about 5 to 600 years before the birth of Christ. The cylinder which is hollow, measures 1 inch 10 lines in height, and 10 lines in diameter. The characters of the writing are said to be what are called simple Babylonian cuneiform.

The second is a Tibetian MS. on a dark

Ouseley, profiting by the researches of Du
Cange, who had noticed the striking resem-
blance of the French word chicane, (game of
tennis on horseback) with the barbarous
Greek, avi and xao...
recognises the origin of both the French
and the Greek words, in the Persian
tchougan, which properly signifies the in-
strument or crooked stick, with which the blue coloured silk paper, 2 feet in length.
ball is thrown. Sir W. Ouseley has engrav- The characters are inscribed in gold, and the
ed several of these instruments, of divers paper written upon on both sides. Though
forms, taken from paintings which adorn this MS. bears the traces of high antiquity in
ancient MSS.: he has also had engraved many places, it may be considered as in an
from a MS. of the poems of Hafiz, the re-excellent state of preservation. The cha-
presentation of two horsemen playing at this racters seem to have much similarity with
game; lastly, he has quoted several Persian the Sanscrit, and may probably authorise us
authors, who enumerate among the talents to infer a common origin.
of distinguished princes their dexterity in ma-
naging the tchougan. I have dwelt a little on
this subject, to have an opportunity to state,
that M. Etienne Quatremere, in a memoir
read to the Royal Academy of Inscriptions
and Belles Lettres, above a year before the
publication of Sir W. Ouseley's Travels, had
entered into the same comparisons, and had
drawn the same inferences from them. He
intends to publish this memoir in the Mines
of the East.

ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE.

The possessor of the stone and the MS. the Counsellor Dorow, has given permission to have them printed, with additions, by Professors Heeren, Grotefend, and others.

FINE ARTS.

BRITISH GALLERY,

CICERO's LOST BOOKS DE REPUBLICA. We have frequently had the pleasure secration is quite independent of the species, of being the first to make our readers the age, the shape, or the beauty of the trees, and is very frequently owing to acquainted with the important discovesome purely accidental, and even trivial cir-ries of ancient MSS. made by the learn-work, an Old Soldier, and a Bacchanalian

cumstance. This kind of superstition, traces of which are to be found in all countries, among all nations, and at all periods of history, he has made the subject of special investigation. Not to interrupt his narrative, he has placed the result of his researches in the Appendix, Number 9: it will certainly be read with much interest, though the facts collected by the learned traveller have not always very much connection with the excellent trees of the Persians. Chardin speaks of this supersition in several parts of his travels, and thought that it always respected trees remarkable for their size or their age. Sir W. Ouseley proves, that these two conditions are not necessary to raise a tree to the rank of dirakht-i-fazel, and he thinks that this title may very well signify Tree of the Genius, or Tree inhabited by a Genius.

We have been favoured with a view of the exhibition about to be opened in Pall Mall; and rejoice to say, that it is not only meritorious, but brilliant. Besides several pictures by Mr. West, mostly in his best manner, and others which we have seen before, including Gandy's Temple of Jupiter Pluvius, Jones's View of Abbeville, Stewardson's Aladdin, the whimsical pelting of the supposed invisible Italian poet, &c. there are three fine Wilkies, a Highland Still at scene, in quite a new manner, combining ed Mr. Mai, in the Ambrosian Library. the styles of Poussin and Rubens; a He has been appointed by the Pope grandly conceived Macbeth and Witches, by Librarian of the Vatican, where, be- Martin; Dogs of St. Bernard rescuing a sides the discoveries of which we shall frozen traveller, Ed. Landseer; the Battle have occasion to speak hereafter, he of Waterloo, painted for the Institution, by has found a most splendid MS. on vel-Jones, (noticed, when in progress, in a former Literary Gazette); the Day before the lum, in magnificent capitals, of the best Wedding, Mr. W. Sharpe, and in his hapage, and quite legible, though covered piest mood; a charming lady portrait, with with later writing, containing the LOST a curious black cap, and other heads, by Books OF CICERO DE REPUBLICA, on Jackson; fine portraits, &c. by Shee; a three hundred folio leaves, in double Venetian Curiosity Shop, and a Drowning columns. The name of Cicero is at Female, Mrs. Ansley; delightful views, the head of the MS. and the titles of Edinburgh, and Greenwich, by G. Vincent; the chapters in the margin. Mr. Mai Edinburgh and others, by Hoffand; a Grave, by Starke; landscapes, by Samuel, Wilson, is preparing for the immediate publica- and Fielding; a Moonlight, by Leslie; vation of this most important MS. from rious and clever pieces by Chalon, Burnett, which politics, ethics, history, jurispru-Cooper, Davison, Craig, Crome, Childe,

nificance of the part allowed. Mr. Penley's The first night of this drama was for the authors disowned by Minerva, forming altoAufidius was endued with a most pragma- Charity in the city; and we ought, perhaps, gether a tolerably numerous battalion, M. tical sternness; and this rough warlike sol- to record, that both here and at Drury Lane Odeon, the nianager of the second Theatre dier was so coscombical that we could only an address was spoken, said to be poetry Français, conspires against M. Crifort, the wonder how, with such a hero at their head, and suited to the occasion, but seemingly manager of the first. His son l’Accident, and the Volscians had stomach to fight at all, or sad trash, and suited to no good purpose. Mademoiselle Omelie, his intended daughcould resist any attack.' Gattie was hardly

ter-in-law, promise to second his plan, though respectable in Menenius; and the rest-hea

Mademoiselle Omelie is secretly attached ven rest them!

FOREIGN DRAMA.

to Crifort ; l'Accident is charged to keep a. The applause, on the second night, was THEATRE DE LA Gaiete.— Fárst repre-watchful eye on Crifort. But he soon relents, extremely partial; but at the end, when Pen-sentation of Bouton de Rose a melodruma in on reflecting that he is about to dethrone ley came forward to announce the next per- three acts.

him to whom he is indebted for the first formance, some dozen“ voices" raised the Delille de Sales, the author of the Philo- class he ever received. Gratitude triumphs shout for Kean, who had just been carried sophy of Nature, left behind him a fairy tale, over every other sentiment, and so far from off the stage in a very painful position, with but little known, entitled Sige de Myrte et preventing his benefactor from quitting his his head hanging down. It is strange, that Bouton de Rose, from which the author of own theatre, he gives him a ticket to see this senseless cry should ever be listened to the new melodrama has borrowed one half the Vépres. Crifort being unbridled, and -if the imagination has been affected by the of his title, and soine ideas. Bouton de Rose shewing an inclination to hiss the Vêpres, performance, it destroys the vision; and the is a sprite endowed with wonderful power. l'Accident determines to call him to account. best that can be done with regard to these The King of the Genii has commissioned However he ultimately forgives him, and the injudicious friends of a tragic actor, who do him to visit the palace of Orinus, to defeat piece concludes with Odeon recoinmending him real injury by their favour, when they the wicked designs of the enchanter Kalib, his friends to hold themselves in readiness insist on such a call

, is for the public to treat the grand vizir, who is constantly inspired by to appear at the second representation of the them with the obloquy and conteinpt be the genius oferil. The mischievous enchanter l'épres to-morrow, at the rising of the curtain. stowed upon other resurrection men. is bent on the death the of princess Ellamira,

Covent Gardex. On Saturday, a Mrs. daughter of the late king, because she had rede Jersey Beaumont, originally an actress of fused to marry hiin. His eyes being as pente

VARIETIES. some celebrity in the North and West of trating as those of the lynx, he perceives Scotland, but recently from Philadelphia, at- Bouton de Rose concealed in a basket of Plymouth, Jan. 20.-It was high water tempted to sustain a leading tragic character flowers, listening to the disclosure of his here this morning at about nine o'clock, and on the London boards, and performed Isa- designs. He utters only one word, makes a very high tide. The tide then fell 15 bella in the Mourning Bride. We have only one sign, and the basket of flowers is inches, and rose and fell again full 15 inches, heard that the deserts and misfortunes of metamorphosed into an iron cage, which he seven or eight times in the space of half an this lady in private life, obtained for her the directs the fisherman Azem to throw into hour. It excited the attention of every pertrial of her powers in the metropolis, and the river. However Azein, who is the son son in the dock-yard and on the river. "Å siare therefore grieved to say that they do not of an old minister disgraced by the intrigues milar rise and fall were noticed here at the seem to be adequate to the situation. There of Kalib, is too good and too nobly born to time of the great earthquake at Lisbon, and was a want of pathos in her whole perforin- perpetrate such cruelty; he delivers the about seven years ago, when there were an ance; and notwithstanding a marked strain- amiable captive, and Bouton de Rose pro- earthquake and volcano in one of the Westing after effect, she produced no sensation in mises to reward him with the hand of Ella-ern Islands. the audience. Apathy, more fatal than cen- mira and the throne. Diamantine, the best M. de Dreux, a distinguished French Arsure, attended her exertions; and as she of fairies, and mother-in-law to the Princess, chitect, who has been studying at Rome for has not youth to encourage any hopes of consents to realize the promise, on condition the last five years, has lately set out on a improvement, we fear the effort must be set that Azem shall previously undergo certain visit to Greece, with the view of transmitting down as a failure.

trials to prove that he possesses the virtues some of the valnable remains of antiquity to The ANTIQUARY.

necessary in a husband and a king. Azem ac- the Museums of France. He intends to proOur limits prevent us from going into any quits himself triumphantly; he proves himself ceed immediately to Athens, where he will detail respecting this new musical drama, to he brave, just, and merciful; and, what is meet the learned Vice-Consul M. Fauvel, which was prodnced with complete success still better, that he possesses the most inviola- who will no doubt afford him that powerful on Tuesday, and repeated every night this ble constancy towards his mistress. After a assistance in his investigations, which he has week. It is taken, with some alterations so contest of enchantments between Bouton de already lent to M. M. Chateaubriand and as to bring on the denouement earlier, from Rose, Diamantine, and Kalib, by which the Forbin. the celebrated novel of the same name. Mr. Princess is exposed to the greatest peril, the Pocock, who has shown so much taste and whole concludes with the coronation of Azem, Dr. LASSENIUS, CHAPLAIN TO THE DANISH judgment in productions of this stamp, is and his marriage with Ellamira. the anthor; and we believe that the skill and The melodrama was compleatly success- John Lassenius, who died at Copenhagen, experience of Mr. Terry have been employed ful. Bouton de Rose was applauded to the in 1692, was a celebrated divine, and a proto give the finish in adapting the piece for skies. The scenery and decorations may lific author of this time. It is related of the stage. The music, chiefly Scotch, is rival the most splendid ballets of the Opera. him, that he used always to stop in the midvery pretty; and what is new, including a The music, by Alexandre, is also deserving dle of his sermon to take a cordial in a glass melody to words taken from The Literary of commendation. The dialogue is by M. of wine, in the presence of the congregation, Gazetie (without an acknowledgement), not M. Guilbert and Pixericourt.

and then proceed with his discourse.incongenial to the beauty and spirit of what THEATRE DES Varistes. First represen- Another anecdote of this man is so singular, has been selected. The performers do jus- tation of Les V'épres Odéoniennes, a parody that we are inclined to doubt its truth. It is tice to the characters, and shall be mentioned on Les Vépres Siciliennes.

as follows :-Lassenius, who had for a long more particularly hereafter. The scenery The tragedy of the Sicilian Vespers has time perceived to his vexation, that during surpasses all precedent for correctness and given rise to numerous parodies. The first his sermon the greatest part of the congrebeauty: one scene, representing the fearful appeared at the Vaudeville, not much to gation were asleep, suddenly stopped, pulled rising of the tide upon the stage, is inconceiv- the entertainment of the public. The Vari- a shuttlecock from his pocket, and began to able to those who have not seen it, and baffles etés come next in order. This parody is play with it in the pulpit. This extraordidescription. The house also overflows, and formed nearly on the same plan as that of nary circumstance naturally attracted the atthe Antiquary bids fair to run some time be- the l'audeville. Calling in as auxiliaries, tention of that part of the congregation who fore it is thought antiquated.

dismissed debutants, young amateurs, and I were still awake. They jogged those who

ANECDOTES.

COURT.