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Sound Mind is a captivating title, and surrounding objects.""We have neg- the writer ; und in fine, argument and illusin the present instance, ushers into our lected to detect and cultivate that which tration going hand in hand, so as to unite the notice an exceedingly clever and inge is obvious, " &c. &c. Now, though the Utile dulci in a degree rarely experienced nious book. We do not, indeed, agree meaning is still pretty clear, notwith-in

researches professedly recondite and ab. in all the positions laid down by the standing this want of precision in terms, author, nor do we think that his deduc- it must be allowed that more elaborate As it is our purpose rather to recomtions are always logically accurate. But nicety would have better become the mend than analyse this work, we shall with regard to the acuteness of bis ob- nature of the production. And we are not follow the learned Dr. methodicalservations, to the originality of many of glad to deliver our critical objections at ly; but endeavour to make such selec- , his conceptions, and to the practical setting out, because we find so much tions as will show the manner in which good sense which marks his arguments to admire as we proceed, that were we he has executed his design of " merely and opinions, we must say they are such not to pursue this course, it is extreme- contributing to the Natural History and as to stamp his work with a high cha- ly probable that our review would be Physiology of Intelligent Beings," withracter both as a philosophical inquiry, al praise and not strict justice. We out the formality, abstraction, or diffuseand a popular view of a generally inter- should forget trifling defects in the con- ness, of a regular dissertation.

We esting subject. That Dr. Haslam has studied Dugald misuse of words is the less excusable in reasoning is of the purest inoral and re

templation of general excellence. But the have only further to premise, that all his Stewart, and Reid, will very soon be Dr. Haslam, from his perfect knowledge ligious tendency; and that our extracts, discovered ; perhaps it would have ap- of their value, and of the necessity for being chosen rather from possessing the peared more candid had he acknow, their definite employment, especially, in qualities of picquancy and separableness ledged his obligations to them, instead

accouut of their superior philosophical reasoning. We never en-than on of declaring (preface, vi.).“ I determin-countered a more sturdy advocate for strength and bearing on the inquiry, ed to throw off the shackles of author- this principle; and his skill in etymalngi must leave these principal points very ity, and think for myself.” Perhaps, (particularly in derivatives from the insufficiently appreciated, except by retoo, language a little less figurative and Saxon), is 'applied with singular effect ference to the “* Contributions." more definite would have been more throughout the whole of this treatise,

From the chapter on Memory we german to the matter;" but the latter, We may, however, point out one of his copy the following rather whimsical and most important parts of the Essay, definitions, which strikes us as almost a passageare free from this blemish, and form a bull.

The term memory has been Anglicised perfect contrast to the poetical licence

Perception.-The intrinsic meaning of froin the Latin Memoria ; yet we possess in the earlier pages. It is curious to this word is the taking, seizing, or grasping, two other words of similar incaning, and notice how completely the sentiment of an object, from the latin cum and capio, from their derivation, in a certain degree, and the style of the following passage and the saine figure pervades most of the explanatory of this process; namely, to reare at odds with each other. European languages.

MEMBER and RECOLLECT. Thus if an indi. Imagination may indeed enliven the cold This definition is surely gratuitous; for vidual have seen any particular animal, and pages of luistorical narrative, and blend the in all the derivative changes with which given sufficient attention to perceive accufane intruder : and a vigilant eye must be of pigeon-pie, cucumber, and King Jo: members of which it is composed ; he would, Utile Dulci”—but even here she is a pro- we are acquainted, (not excluding those rately, its construction, so as to possess a

complete perception of the different parts or directed, lest, in some unguarded moment, her seductive blandishments should decoy seph, of facetious notoriety) we are not in the absence of the animal, be enabled to the nakedness of truth. A sedate and un- aware of any more untenable than that remember it. If his hand had been dulv ambitious recorder of facts, does not pre-Cumception should be the original of educated he might form its model, or chisel sume to describe her regions, or to enuine- Perception, But it is scarcely fair to it from a bloek of marble; ur on a plain rate her attributes.

That delightful task raise a prejudice against so excellent a surface, according to the rules of art, might must be performed by her yotaries, volume by taking hold of a few slight exactitude of its different members, that it

make a drawing of the auimal, and with such “The poet, the lunatic, and the lover;" blemishes ; and we shall therefore now would appear to those who compared it nor should the Orator be excluded from his advance to the more agreeable duty of with the original, that he perfectly fe-memfait participation and kindred alliance with stating its predominating merits. bered it. To recollect is only a different this airy and fascinating group.

The chapters are devoted to the investiga- figure for the same process, and implies to But this is in the preface to, and not in tion of Perception, Memory, Speech and the regather or collect, those parts which have the body of a metaphysical disquisition. Human Hand, Language, Will or Volition, been scattered in different directions.

VOL. IV.

THE -LITERARY GAZETTE, AND

-me

his existence, and trace his tardy progression
from rudeness to refinement

Pleas'd with himself, the coxcomb rears his

head,

and

That

and

a
스

far as the senses are concerned, the eye and
the touch are especially exercised; but it
appears that the touch is the corrector of the
sight; if fifty pieces of money be laid on a
In acquiring a knowledge of numbers, as
table, they will sooner and more accurately
be numbered by the touch than the eye;
of the hand is quicker than the discernment
of the sight. There are many circumstances,
although they do not amount to a proof,
we know in other instances, that the motion
which might induce us to consider, that the
human hand has much contributed to our
knowledge of numbers.

*༔།s

An anecdote connected with this are little disposed to revert to that period of | latter is most probable. The names of dif mental process is worth preservingThe simple acts of perception and his history, when he struggled to continue ferent objects are easily acquired, and chil mory appear to be the same in man and dren examine such objects by their different animals; and there are many facts which they become desirous of learning their prowould induce us to suppose, if these faculties senses, more especially by the be identical in their nature, that the endow- And scorns the dunghill where he first was bred. construction: and this investigation affords eye and touch; ment of the latter is more excellent. This perties, or of becoming acquainted with their conjecture is hazarded from the greater sus- time, bodies solid and fluid, heat and its ab- attraction; numbers do not involve any of ceptibility of the organs of some animals, sence, with the facility of a single glance; yet the obvious properties of these objects, Although we now measure space and from their wonderful recollection of if we consider the slow and painful steps, neither their colour, shape, sound, smell, them delight, and excites or gratifies their curiosity. But numbers possess no such tracks which they have traversed. Among by which such acquirements have been atthe phenomena of memory there are two tained, we shall be forcibly impressed, how for them to comprehend, if five similar subvery curious occurrences, and for which no much we are the creatures of patient experi- stances, as so many apples, or nuts, be aradequate explanation has been hitherto af- ment; and also how mainly the hand has ranged before them, why each should bear forded. Many of the transactions of our contributed to our advancement. If we in-a name, different from the thing itself, and or taste; it therefore becomes perplexing early years appear to be wholly obliterated vestigate the standards of adineasurement, different from each other; why this nut from our recollection; they have never been presented as the subject of our thoughts, but the human body, and more especially from the next three. after the lapse of many years, have been ac- its operative instrument, the hand. we find that many have been derived from should be termed one, another two, and cidentally revived, by our being placed in the the members and dimensions of our own situation which originally gave them birth. body should have been the original standards Although there are numerous instances on of measurement is most natural, and the record, and some perhaps familiar to every terms in which they are conveyed afford a reader, I shall prefer the relation of one sufficient illustration of the fact. Thus, we which came under my immediate observa- have a nail; poller, pouce, pulgada, Swedish tion. About sixteen years ago, I attended tum, for an inch; which word has been a lady at some distance from town, who was misapplied by our Saxon predecessors, and in the last stage of an incurable disorder. A corrupted from the Latin uncia, which reshort time before her death, she requested lated only to weight. We still measure by that her youngest child, a girl about four digits, by fingers' breadth, by hands high. vears of age, might be brought to visit her, Cubit from cubitus, was formerly employed. and which was accordingly complied with. We now retain ell, aune, ulna. Foot, pace, The child remained with her about three pas, pes. Yard, not as Mr. Tooke supposed days. During the last summer some cir- from the Saxon gyrwan, to prepare, but none of the animals are capable of numer cumstances led me to accompany this young from gyrdan, cingere, and is employed to ating; and this constitutes an essential differlady to the same house. Of her visit when represent the girth of the body. Fathom, ence between them and man in their intellec a child she retained no trace of recollection, the distance of the arms when extended to tual capacities. In states of weakness of As far as we possess any direct evidence, nor was the name of the village even known embrace, from which the meaning is implied mind, this defect in the power of numerating, to her. When arrived at the house, she had in most languages. But it will be imme- is very observable, and forms a just and adno memory of its exterior; but on entering diately perceived, that measurement could mitted criterion of idiotey; and it is well the room where her mother had been con- not proceed to any considerable extent, known that such persons exercise the organ fined, her eye anxiously traversed the apart- could neither be compounded by addition, of touch in a very limited degree, compared ment, and she said, "I have been here be-nor subdivided, without the employment and with those of vigorous capacity: their fingers fore, the prospect from the window is quite comprehension of numbers. familiar to me, and I remember that in this part of the room there was a bed and a sick ledge of numbers; and those who have super-same state of the organ of touch may lady, who kissed me and wept." On minute intended the work of education, must have be remarked in some lunatics who have beIn our childhood we are taught the know-extremities less pulpy and expanded. The inquiry none of these circumstances had ever witnessed the difficulty of impressing on the come idiotic, or where the hands have been are likewise more taper, and their sentient occurred to her recollection during this long mind of the child, this kind of information. confined for a considerable time. interval, and in all probability they would never have recurred but for the locality hers, are readily acquired: whether it be and, consequently, without the acute organ Alphabetic characters compared with numscience of numbers is usually taught, or from of these members, we must at least have from the imperfect manner in which the of touch, which resides in the extremities If man had been created without hands, the actual difficulty in comprehending the been strangers to the subject, it is not pretended to determine; the gorgeous palaces, and the solemn temalthough, from some considerations, the ples" which he has reared. cloud-capt towers, graphical positions, and the principal features at the wrist, such a man as Phidias might It is equally curious to observe that geo-extremities of the human body terminated the rude anatomy of the human body. Thus, in been unknown. Had the upper a short enumeration we have cape or head-land, the fleet have been constructed which reaped of sea and land, have derived their origin from have existed, but his occupation would have tongue of land; mouth of a river; chaps of the Trafalgar? The eternal city could not have ness, noss, or nose; the brow of a mountain; the laurel at the Nile, at Copenhagen, and Thus truncated, how would channel; neck of land; arm of the sea; coast, existed, nor would our own metropolis have buck settlements. We descend into the bowels of the earth, in order to discover a vein of ore, we enjoy, all the arts we practise, and the the heart of the country, or to remove to the We are said to penetrate into had a being. If we reflect for an instant. We ascend from the font of the mountain; and sciences which elevate and dignify our na from its ridge (back) survey the prospect sur-ture, could never have been realised in we shall perceive that all the convenience rounding. Numerous additions might be con- handless community. tributed by further recollections. have prevailed, but its record could Speech might indee

which revived them.

"

The chapter on the intellectual superiority which man has acquired by speech and the possession of the hand," is one of the most curious. Our limits compel us to pass over the first branch; but the last, the important seat of the organ of touch, shall supply some specimens of the author's powers and ingenuity.