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our feet, and penetrate even to the most distant of their countries."

To these bravocs I thus addressed myself: "Hark ye, comrade! do you know that ever since the year 1146 I, as well as my father, have served with all my might in the corps of Janissaries, and have been engaged in several wars, and have seen the world both hot and cold, and feeding from the world's basket, have passed through the hoop of the clements. Having moreover been a prisoner in the hands of the enemies of religion, I became fully acquainted with their deceit and treachery, their discipline, and the successes which they have obtained over the Sublime Government. It has thus been easy for me to gain an intimate knowledge of many things, the truth of which cannot be easily understood from the mere perusal of our annals. As I am now eighty-seven years of age, if all those affairs that have passed since the year 82, with which I am thoroughly conversant, were to be written, they would fill several volumes. There are, how ever, certain events taken as well from history as from what has fallen under my own observation, which I wish to relate to you; and as my discourse shall be free from malevolence and bad passions, I trust in God that you will hear me with satisfaction, and will one day bless me."

He dwells upon the effect of the introduction of discipline among the forces of the Crals of Europe, to which they resorted in consequence of their dread of the Emperor of Islam.

All the Crals being seized with consternation, after communicating with each other, held a council in a place appointed, to which they invited men of wisdom and experience. The conclusion they came to was this: "The Ottoman Emperor having introduced an admirable system into his army, and established a corps for the express purpose of keeping it up, we shall no longer be able to keep face with such well disciplined troops as the soldiers of the Islam are naturally brave, they will fall in among us, sword in hand, and make a speedy end of us; and as the opinion which they hold that those who die in war are martyrs, and go immediately to Paradise, makes them fight with great zeal, it is evident that if we do not establish good and sufficient military regulations, the Ottomans will conquer the whole of Europe, and oblige us all to pay the Haratch. It is our business therefore to find some method of preventing those soldiers from closing with us." They concluded their conference by forming a masterly project, and inventing a method of using with expedition their cannon, muskets, and other iustruments of war, and prohibiting their troops from engaging in commerce, they obliged them to pass their whole time in learning military exercises, in which they made such progress that it became at last impossible to break their ranks. In truth, it is well known to those who are acquainted with history, that in the wars which have These are proverbial expressions to denote the vicissitudes of fortune.

taken place since the invention of this new | so noble a science? Their perverseness and system of tactics, the Ottomans have been obstinacy are astonishing, seeing that, notmost frequently worsted, because they found withstanding the taste which the infidel race it impossible to make use of their sabres has always had of our raw troops, they do among the infidels as they wished to do; for not allow it to be sufficiently proved, that if their regular troops keep in a compact body, a war should break out, these ignorant beasts pressing their fect together that their order pressing together in masses of one or two of battle may not be broken; and their can-thousand men, will be unable to resist the non being polished like one of Marcovich's tactic of the enemy. watches, they load twelve times in a minute, The writer relates instances of panic and make the bullets rain like musket balls; and flight, disgraceful to the old troops, thus they keep us an unintermitted discharge and of the loss of their cooking kettles, of artillery and small arms. When the Islamites make an attack upon them with in- the greatest infamy that can befall a fantry or cavalry, the enemies of our faith Turkish regiment. On the other hand, observe a profound silence, till the soldiers of he praises the bravery and efficacy of Islam are come close up to their front, and the Nizam-y-gedid; for example, then at once giving fire to some hundred against the mountaineers of Rumelia. carriage-guns, and to seventy or eighty thousand muskets, overturn our men in heaps without so much as receiving a bloody nose. When they have thus by a few volleys caused thousands of the people of Islam to drink the Sherbet of martyrdom, the surviving remnant are wont to fly.

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It is a certain fact, that we have seen in the wars persons, who, having never in the course of their lives taken a gun in their hands before, but spent all their time in the exercise of some trade, and knew not what they were about, but first put the ball into their muskets, and then the powder above it. It has been sometimes proved by experience, that as these people know not how to handle their ammunition, it would be better that they should leave the army rather than remain with it; because, being of no use, they do harm by the disorder which they create. Some of our raw soldiers who do not know the proper charge of powder, by putting too great a quantity into their guns, cause them to burst, and thus main, or even kill both themselves and those who stand near them; and many of our unpractised horsemen who, when mounted on their steeds, fancy themselves the heroes of the age, and would not deign to give a salutation even to their own fathers, when they draw their sabres in action, wound the heads of their horses, and thus cover themselves and their beasts with blood; this awkwardness of theirs causes those who see it to utter ejaculations of surprise. In short, it is evident to men of understanding, that as the talents of reading, writing, riding on horseback, shooting with the bow, playing on an instrument, and other similar acquirements, will not come spontaneously to persons unskilled, and uninstructed in them; so likewise victory cannot be obtained without a knowledge of the art of war, which is a particular, and noble branch of science, independent of others.

Since that insolent race first showed

themselves, several Veziers and other officers had been sent against them without effect. Having formed the wicked design of destroying the Nizam-y-Gedid institution from its roots, they now exerted their whole strength and gave battle. Although the regular troops had with them neither their cannon, howitzers, or mounted men, and were engaged in the midst of a severe winter, snow, rain, and mud, and though the rebels were strongly posted in a town, they nevertheless marched up to the attack, and without regarding the advantageous position of the insurgents, while they were themselves up to the knees in mud and water, they knocked down half of the rebels like rotten pears, sending their souls to hell, and obliged the rest to fly. In a short time the field of action was covered with the vile carcases of the rebels, and those who were taken alive reported that they called out to each other, Ah! comrade, these troops which they call Nizam-y-Gedid, are not what we took them for." In these exclamations they betrayed the sense of their own inferiority. Every one knows that at last these rascals, unable to make a stand on any side, climbed the mountains by night, and fled.

He also panegyrizes the stratagems to which his favourite troops resort; and as he justifies these in a whimsical manner, we shall take leave of this curious picture of the military force of Turkey with the illustration.

Should it happen that the enemy is as skilful and well trained as themselves, and employs against them the same discipline, then of the two parties, that will be victorious whose chiefs are enabled, by the favour of Divine Providence, to put in practice with superior address, the new science and stratagems of war which they have learned, because the apostle of the Most High, our great prophet (on whom be the blessings and peace of God!) himself condescended to use military stratagems. This sacred tra

There are indeed certain considerations which may induce us to pardon those calumniators of the Nizam-y-Gedid, who are any wise connected with the old corps; but do those persons who are by no means attached to them, and who know the difference be-dition is thus related. tween alum and sugar, and between good and evil, show any sense in daring to abuse * Markwick Markham, a London watch-maker in great esteem with the Turks.

During a holy war which was carried on in the happy time of the apostle of God, (on whom be peace!) a certain valiant champion of the enemy's army came out to offer single

combat, and demanded that the glorious | Alli should be opposed to him. Alli, well pleasing to God, having received the com. inand of the Apostle, girded on his sword only, and immediately went forth alone to the place appointed for the combat. When this friend of the Most High met that infidel, he thus addressed him: "I come on foot having one sword; why come you out on horseback having two swords and two bows?" The great Alli spoke to him again, saying "let these things be so; but I come out alone to give battle on our side, why do you bring another man and come both together?" The infidel, at this question, looked about him believing that another man had followed him, when at the same instant, the great Alli, in the twinkling of an eye, made the vile head of the reprobate fly off. The death of the said wicked person having been a source of joy to the followers of Islam, the excellent Alli, meeting the great prophet on his

return, related to hit the admirable stratagem by means of which he had slain that wretch. This holy tradition has been vouchsafed unto us.

I

Beside his bed I shall no more recline,

I

To all his whispered wants, no more attend:
ne'er shall see his moist eyes fixed on inine,
In silent recognition of his friend;
never more shall cool his fevered brow,
Or bathe his cheeks-all, all are icy now.

Who moved so lately, with his merry glance, First in the sport, and lightest in the dance. I was his constant nurse;-and though I shed Tears of unfeigned affection o'er the dead; It soothes me, when I think that I was there, Watching his sickly form with trembling care.. He eulogizes the virtues of his loved My voice join his in prayer, and ev'ry word That kneeling by his side, he often heard companion, and draws a natural and af-Of heavenly truth, a consolation gave, fecting picture of youthful hopes disap- Which softened all the terrors of the grave. pointed. It was my arm which always raised him up; From me alone he took the medicine cup; When hot, and faint with thirst, my hand supplied

When last we parted, his young heart was sad;
But we were full of hope, that future days
Would bring a happy meeting; and we had
Delightful plans, projecting many ways
Of being blest together; he was glad

Schemes of unbounded pleasure shared with

To press my hand; and he would often raise

me

This might have been--but this can never be.
We thought of happy meetings-and we met-
But never to be happy: grief and pain
Had chang'd his cheerful face; my eyes were

The Tribute of a Friend. By N. T. H.I
Bayly, St. Mary Hall, Oxford. Ox-
ford, 1819. 8vo pp. 15.
Mournful Recollections.

The same,

1820. pp. 18. Small Talk. The same. 1820, pp. 18.

wet

His last cool draught;--and in my arms he

died.

Oh! there are feelings Time can never blot, Years may elapse-they cannot be forgot;

His dying look-though months have passed

away

It haunts me still, it seems but yesterday.-
It is an easy task, for hearts at rest,
To talk of brighter days to the distressed;

To shew us joys the future may reveal,

And speak of that composure, which they feel.
They may remind us tears, and sighs, are vain;
Alas! can hopelessness diminish pain?

With tears I laboured to conceal in vain.
I feel his feeble arms embrace me yet,
Whilst mine were thrown around him; and They say when God afflicts us, it is fit

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again

hear him whisper in a gentle tone

My dear, dear friend—I never had but one.”

I followed as a mourner to the scene
Where he lies buried now; and I returned-
In tears returned to be where he has been,
And spend my life without him.

There are few compositions more
difficult than the pourings out of
heartfelt lamentation. If art is visible,
the effect of nature is destroyed; and,
if some art is not employed, the mere
ebullitions of grief are crude and unin-
viting. The happy medium has, we
think, been hit by Mr. Bayly, as far as
his verse pretends; and he preserves
his consistency to the end; which is
more than can be said for Lord Lyttle-
ton's Monody, or other celebrated effu-
sions of this kind.

Of these slight productions, the two former belong to the pathetic, and the last to the gayer class of poetry. They have given us a favourable opinion of the author in both. He seems to possess two very essential qualities for a poet-feeling and fancy; and his general talent is decidedly worthy of being stimulated to a more elevated and continuous flight than any it has hitherto undertaken. The friend whose prema ture death called forth the elegiac tribute was Thomas Walter Clarke Darby, The Mournful Recollections are of of St. John's College, who died in No- similar character. They thus comvember last, aged 18; and the following quotation will show how affection-O Time: I ask thee not to steal away ately he was mourned.

|

That men should suffer meekly, and submit;
Yes, we submit, and place our trust alone,
In one last hope,-to go where they are gone.
We know his dispensations must be borne,
We bow to his behest; yet still we mourn;
Religion teaches us to hope for bliss ;-
But in another region-not in this.

But we leave these pieces of sombre

colouring to give a part of the livelier
picture, entitled SMALL TALK, which,
notwithstanding its name, is a great
subject. After a playful invocation,
and description of the present mania
for writing, the critics come in for their
due notice.

But critics all my budding hopes may blight;
When sparks peep forth affecting to be bright,
They're vastly disagreeable, no doubt;

With large extinguishers they put them out:
These vile Reviews annihilate us quite,

And spoil our daily rest, like fits of gout;
As periodical, and as severe.
Yes, just like gouty fits, for they appear
But I profess to be, and am indeed

Again-again-oh! let me hear you speak,
Call me, embrace me, look on me again;
My hand is on your forehead, it shall seek
To give relief, and mitigate your pain;
And yours will soon press mine-'tis only weak,
Hope cannot be quite lost-life must remain.
I see his bosom heave, I hear his breath---
"Tis sleep-tis stupor--any thing but death.
It is not death-though motionless he lies,
That may of ease and slumber be a token:
No friendly glance now beams from those dim
eyes,

By those pale lips no feeble words are spoken.
Far better were complaints, and painful sighs,
Than silence-silence never to be broken!
Yet still he sleeps-we may in time restore-
No, no his sleep is death-he wakes no more.
My task is over; and I'll not repine,

Since all his tedious pangs are at an end;

mence.

My present grief; I wish not to be gay:

One of the lofty highly favoured few;
I'll scribble in security, nor heed
Aught the severest of the throng can do:

My heart were worthless, could thy land re- They tell us what we may, or may not read;

move

My deep affliction for the Friend I love.
Bring me not smiles, though cheerfulness re-
turns,

And lights the mourner's cheek, his heart still

mourns;

A smile can never cure, though it conceals
The hopeless anguish which the bosom feels;
Forgetfulness alone can cure regret;
And whilst I live, I never can forget.

The following lines breathe the same
pensive spirit.-

Short was the season of our joy; it passed
In mutual delight, too sweet to last;
His fancy pictur'd many a happy day;
When young, and fair, and innocently gay,
The hand of sickness sinote him: ev'ry limb
Was weakened and unnerv'd;-how unlike him

What with applause, or censure we may
view :

They awe small wits-to that I don't object,
It makes us greater wits the more select.
They may be mischievous at times, I own,

When private pique or malice intervenes;
Though vast decision sits upon their frown,
They're not infallible by any means:
Some in maturity have met renown,

Whose lays were damned in toto, in their

teens:

Great critics (like great poets) sense have got,
Small critics (like small poets) have it not.
Some very knowing persons ne'er peruse

Old books or new, though they adorn their
shelves;

But monthly or else quarterly they use
Opinions borrowed from reviewing elves;

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They look exceeding wise, and do the same. This is no imaginary sketch, but the portraits are met every day. Other species of Small Talk are illustrated; but we can select only a specimen. Small talk is indispensable at routs,

But more so at a little coterie,

Where friends in number eight-or thereabouts-

Meet to enjoy loquacity and tea,

If small talk were abolished, I've my doubts
If ladies would survive to fifty-three;
Nor shall the stigma, ladies, fall on you,
Men love a little bit of small talk too.
What changes there would be if no tongues ran
Except in sober sense and conversation;
There's many a communicative man

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Would take to silence and to cogitation;
"Twould stop old maids (if aught that's earthly
can)

And cut the thread of many an oration:
Old bachelors would daudle through the day,
And go on in a very humdrum way.
What would become of those who, when at
prayers,

pews:

Lean down their heads and whisper in their Those at the play who give themselves such airs,

Careful each celebrated speech to lose? How would the poor man suffer, who prepares

These changes are not all;-I'll not proceed,
I've mentioned quite enough in my narration;
They'd be so universal, that indeed

They'd baffle any man's investigation.
To calculate them all-I must exceed
George Bidder, who is famed for calculation:
Arithmetic to him's a pleasant game-
"He lisped in numbers, for the numbers

folds springs and describes results, hitherto, we will say, very imperfectly understood by the public. The conduct of Sir Harry Burrard, and Sir Hew Dalrymple, during their brief commands, the course and character of the brave Sir John Moore, the real causes of the abandonment of the wounded at Talavera by Cuesta (not by the English general), tue interior movements and intrigues of the SpaThere are two or three short poems; nish juntas, and the remarkable position of but we have, at least looking at the the combatants and issue of their measures bulk of the works before us, transgress-at Torres Vedras, are more clearly explained ed all bounds: we trust the extracts will be our apology.

came?"

than we have ever seen them before; and most unquestionable materials for future history provided by a book as unostentatiMemoir of the Early Campaigns of the ously put forth as it is ably executed. It is not our intention to follow the Duke of Wellington in Portugal and noble Lord into details, but we shall Spain. By an Officer employed in extract a few leading passages to illushis Army. London, 1820. 8vo. trate the publication and substantiate pp. 234. the opinion we have ventured to proThis well-written and intelligent re-nounce. The atrocities committed by cord of events, deeply interesting to the enemy are more than once noticed, every Briton, affords a capital contrast and with perhaps greater generosity to the Buonapartean histories of that than just abhorrence, the author endeageneral's wars, which have lately in-vours to palliate these inhuman pracundated us. The candour and modesty tices, so disgraceful to the soldiers of a of the English writer, his fairness and civilized country. When the English manly truth, are sterling proofs of na- troops first landed on the banks of the tional honour and honesty, opposed to Mondegothe false-colourings and falsehoods on the other side, which have so forcibly brought to our minds the line of Burns:

"Some books are lies from end to end." The perfect information to which it is evident the author had access, the handsome manner in which, as a soldier, and the able manner in which, as a historian, he has availed himself of it,

For small snug parties which he can't refuse? gives this work a peculiar claim to at

What would become of all the gay pursuits,
If all gay people suddenly turned mutes?
Partners at balls would look extremely blue,
Whilst waiting for their turn to point the

toe;

Youths tete-a-tete would scarce know what

to do,

Over their juice of grape, or juice of sloe; Two people in a chaise might travel through England and Wales--and they in fact might

go

The French were in possession of Lisbon, and the country north of it as far as Leyria, which has been recaptured from the Portuguese by a force under the orders of General Margaron. On the entry of the French into this town, they committed the most atrocious acts of cruelty. As an instance of the brutality of a superior officer, the of related of himself, that upon entering the town, he met a woman with a child at her breast, that the appearance of the infant excited his pity, but "se rapellant qu'il était soldat," he pierced the two bodies with a single thrust of his sword. When the English advanced-guard arrived there, it found in one of the convents the had dipped their hands in the blood of their dead bodies of several monks, who had been killed by the French soldiers; some of whom unfortunate victims, and had daubed with it the walls of the convent.

tention, and enhances the value of that
which, even in common hands, would
have been valuable from the intrinsic im-
portance of the subject. We have heard it
and readily believe that a production so
ascribed to the pen of Lord Burghersh,
distinguished for strict veracity, plain-
dealing, liberality, exalted sentiment,
justice, knowledge, and observation
emanated from a British nobleman, army in this instance, and throughout the whole
The cruelties committed by the French
whose gallant services afforded him the of its campaigns in Portugal, had their origin
opportunities requisite for becoming ac-in the nature of the war in which it was now
quainted with events; and whose en- for the first time engaged. Till this period,
lightened mind dictated the statement themselves, whether by the defeat of the armies
of facts in the best possible shape.

Over the continent, and all the way
Be confidential once or twice a day.
Lovers would think it very hard, I fear,
If sober sense they were condemned to speak;
Husbands and wives a voice would seldom hear,
Unless it happened to be washing week;
The language of the eyes, I think, 'tis clear,
Old married people very seldom seek:
(Couples oft disagree, I'm told-but this
Is just by way of a parenthesis.
How very peaceable we should be then,
None would have words, e'en bullies would

be dumb;
How changed would be the busy hum of men;
The fame of certain wits would prove a hum;
Tatlers, deprived of speech, would seize a pen,
They are a nuisance not to be o'ercome;
Schemers the credulons no more would balk,
For Schemes would very rarely end in talk.

wherever the French soldiers had established

which defended the country invaded, or otherThe period embraced is from the com-wise, they found the people submitting to their mencement of Sir Arthur Wellesley's career rule; when, in Portugal, therefore, the nation on the peninsula, to the final expulsion of rose in hostility against them, they considered Massena from Portugal; namely, from July such resistance as rebellion, and looked upon 1808, to May 1811, and including the battles the inhabitants taken in arms, as disturbers of of Vimiera, Corunna, Talavera, Busaco, and the public peace, and therefore entitled to no Fuentes d'Honor; the convention of Cintra, by inflicting vengeance on the patriots, to arrest mercy or consideration. The officers also hoped, a political, as well as in a military point of their total overthrow. It would not be fair to and other affairs of the utmost moment. In the progress of an insurrection which menaced view, the narration is singularly meritorious, argue, from the conduct of the French in Porand we greatly admire the simple straight-tugal, that in other situations they would be led forwardness with which the noble officer un- to adopt similar proceedings.

At a subsequent period we have a si-meanness is a concomitant of cruelty, both carriages were afterwards recovered, milar picture of horror. is made manifest by the following anec- and Colonel Cambyse threatened with a dotes relative to the evacuation of Por-voyage to England as a prisoner, if he contugal after the convention with Junot. After the signature of the convention by Sir

Lord Wellington evacuated Coimbra on the approach of the enemy, upon the 1st of tinued a line of conduct such as he had till October; the town had generally been quitrelated of this officer, but an act of General then pursued. Various other traits might be ted by the higher classes of inhabitants dur-Hew Dalrymple, at Torres Vedras, and not at J's, will be more interesting, and more ing the preceding days; a considerable pro- Cintra, as has generally been supposed, two worthy of record: he had carried off a couportion, however, still remained, hoping that officers, Major General Beresford and Lord siderable number of pictures, and embarked the enemy might yet be prevented from get- Proby, were sent into Lisbon to superintend them on board his own vessel, from the house ting possession of it. But about ten o'clock its execution. The history of their disputes of the Marchioness of Anjija; upon being on the morning of the first, there was sud- with the French would hardly be believed. required to give them up, he answered, that denly an alarm that the enemy was approach It would be interesting to record them, as ing the report was soon magnified into his instances from which the characters of many been found to be incorrect, he denied all they had been given to him. This having having entered; and at one burst the whole of the individuals belonging to the French knowledge of the transaction, and impeached of the remaining inhabitants ran shrieking army might be collected, and the value of from the town. The bridge, which is very their point of honour appreciated. a relation of his who was on board the ship long and narrow, was at once choked by the The first object to which the attention of to one of the transports, where he hoped with him, but who immediately proceeded crowds which were pouring upon it; and the British commissioners for the execution to remain concealed. A threat of preventthe unhappy fugitives, who found their flight of the convention was drawn, was to enforce ing the General from sailing, till the pictures impeded, threw themselves into the river, the spirit of that instrument, by preventing were disgorged, soon brought this gentleman and waded through it. The Mondego was the French from carrying off the plunder of back to the frigate, and Captain Percy fortunately not deep at this time, the dry Portugal. With this view General Junot, directed him to go on shore to give an scason had kept it shallow; but there were after much opposition on his part, was con-account of the transaction; he refused, three or four feet of water in many of the strained to issue an order to his army, re- however, to acknowledge the jurisdiction of places where the unfortunate inhabitants quiring it to deliver up, into the hands of the commissioners, and declared his deterpassed it. In the midst of all the horrors of the commissioners appointed for that pur-mination not to land. The bayonets of the this scene; of the cries of the wretched peo-pose, every species of plundered property marines were called for, to persuade him; ple who were separated from their families; which it retained in its possession. Within of those who were leaving their homes, their a few hours, however, of the issuing of this property, their only means of subsistence, without the prospect of procuring wherewithal to live for the next day, and of those who believed the enemy (with his train of unheard-of cruelties) at their heels; the ear was most powerfully arrested by the screams of despair which issued from the gaol, where the miserable captives, who saw their countrymen escaping, believed that they should be left victims to the ferocity of the Treuch. The shrieks of these unhappy people were fortunately heard by Lord Wellington; who sent his aide-de-camp, Lord March, to relieve them from their situation; and thus the last of the inhabitants of Coimbra escaped from the enemy.

It is not in the nature of this work to dwell upon scenes of misery, such as have been now described; but the recollection of them will last long on the minds of those who witnessed them. The cruelties of the French had made an impression upon the - Portuguese, that nothing could efface; it seemed to be beyond the power of man to await the enemy's approach. The whole country fled before him; and if any of the unhappy fugitives were discovered and chased by a French soldier, they abandoned every thing to which the human mind is devoted, to escape from what they looked upon as more than death, the grasp of their merciless invaders. Innumerable instances of these melancholy truths might be detailed; but it would waste the time of the reader, and the relations of the horrid acts committed by the French would be too shocking to dwell

order, information was brought to Major
General Beresford, that Colonel Cambyse,
aide-de-camp to General Junot, had seized
upon the Prince Regent's horses, had car
ried them from the royal stables, and was
embarking them as the property of General
Junot.

The statement, upon being inquired into,
was found to be correct, and General Keller-
man was applied to, to prevent this robbery;
he immediately attacked Colonel Cambyse
with great severity of language, and ordered
the horses to be restored.

they proved effectual, the gentleman was
returned. Another general officer, on the
landed, and soon after, the pictures were
day of his embarkation, carried off, from the
and documents which he was able to collect,
office of the commissioners, all the papers
in a short visit he made to it while the com
missioners were absent; and if he had not
been driven back to Lisbon by contrary
winds (when he was forced to return thein)
would have involved their proceedings in
complete confusion.

annoyed at the interruption of their vic-
How much the English soldiery were
painted in the annexed.
tories by the convention, is whimsically

The feeling of the army which had fought the battle of Viniera, was at this time most hostile to the armistice which had been agreed upon.

by the same officer, was made upon one of
The next day an attempt of the same sort,
the carriages belonging to the Duke of Sus-
sex, which was actually embarked; Major
General Beresford, upon being made ac-
quainted with it, sent his aide-de-camp to
Colonel Cambyse, to remonstrate with him The expression of a private in one of the
(in terms not very agreeable) upon the re-regiments which had most gallantly asserted
petition of a conduct so disgraceful to the the superiority of the British arms, deserves
character of an officer. This lecture was, to be recorded: whilst marching in his co-
however, of but little avail, for during the lumn to Sobral, he appeared to be looking
time that General Beresford's aide-de-camp for something which he had lost; and upon
was speaking, the second carriage belonging being asked what he was in search of, re-
to the Duke of Sussex was removed to the plied, ten days, which he believed he should
river, for the same purpose of embarkation; never find again.

sena was before the Lines at Torres Vedras,) the French subsisted solely on the plunder of the country they occupied. The irregular manner in ducted led to the perpetration of the most revolt which this mode of obtaining supplies was con. ing atrocities, Torture inflicted upon the inhabitants, to extract from them the secret of their depots of provisions and property, was one of the expedients most common to the French soldiery. Nor shall we dwell on these savage The murder of the peasantry seemed to be combarbarities, which could only be perpe-mitted without remorse: the capture of the trated by monsters hateful to human profit. Nothing more revolting to the mind women was converted often into a source of nature, for whom hell, rather than of civilized man can be produced, than the list earth, was a fit scene of action.* That of horrors committed during this lamentable During the whole of this period, (while Mas- period.

upon.

The following is also a curious incident, connected with the same event.

The corps under the orders of Sir John fra. The leading division, under Major Moore marched from Torres Vedras to MaGeneral the Honourable Edward Paget, had nearly reached that place, when a French officer, who commanded a piquet in the town, desired that the English army would not advance, as he had no orders to retire; Dalrymple, who attempted to persuade the the circumstance was reported to Sir Hew French officer to evacuate, but finding his efforts ineffectual, and being desirous to avoid engaging in any fresh hostilities, he

ordered his troops to bivouaque, for the night, on the ground they occupied. The next morning the French officer sent word, that he had received orders to retire with his 100 men, and that the British army was at liberty to enter the town. This story was the occasion of much witticism among the

soldiers.

Lord B.'s reflections on the fatal and glorious battle of Corunna appear to us to be exceedingly just.

Thus ended the second campaign in which the British troops had been engaged in the Peninsula. It would be a melancholy task to canvass it throughout the last action was worthy of the men that have since delivered Spain from its merciless invaders; but the movements which preceded it were far from being generally approved. Great difficulties were indeed opposed to Sir John Moore; but it would appear that in his own mind they were too highly rated. He discharged utmost zeal. He died fighting to maintain his duty to his country, however, with his its glory, and his name will ever be ranked amongst its heroes.

Having, by these selections, shewn the quality of this work, we shall only add two or three further miscellaneous

extracts.

sity of the Portuguese was too strong to be
resisted by any calculations of the retalia-
tion which was likely to follow the act that
was committed.

On the retreat to Torres Vedras, it is
judiciously remarked.—

at about twenty-five miles from right to leftThe term of lines was but little applicable to them; the defences procured by art were confined to closed redoubts placed upon the most essential points, and calculated to resist, although the enemy's troops might have were thus enabled to protect the formation established themselves in their rear. They the enemy could bring cannon in operation of the army upon any point attacked, before with the troops which he might have pushed

forward between them.

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We have thus conducted the British army ordinary operations which was ever carried to the termination of one of the most extra into effect; the boldness of the original conception, as well as the perseverance and success with which it was executed, will com mand the admiration of all military men. From this period, the 12th of November The ascendancy which the character and ta- 1810, to the 4th of March, 1811, both lents of Lord Wellington had obtained over armies retained their respective positions; the minds of all those who were within his the only events of any importance, were the guidance or control, could alone have en- arrival of the 9th corps of 10,000 men, comabled him to effect a plan which involved in manded by General Cte. Erion, which was it such fearful consequences. To have per- Leiria; and the junction of 5,000 men, who placed by Massena to protect his right at suaded a foreign government and army, but lately subjected to his direction, to abandon were brought by General Foy upon his rethe greater proportion of their country al- turn from Paris, where he had been sent by an invader; to see his approach to the capi of the French army, and of its situation. most without a struggle, to the ravages of Massena, soon after his arrival opposite our lines, to render an account of the operations tal without fear or hesitation, speaks of itself a confidence in the talents of the commander Buonaparte received the relation of these which is without example. Not less extra-events with much indifference; and observed ordinary was the mode in which a movement upon the excuses General Foy was directed to make, for the loss of the battle of Busain retreat was executed from Almeida to Torres Vedras, a distance of 150 miles, in co, Ah bah les Anglais de tout temps ont battu les Français.' presence of a superior army, whose object We cannot conclude better. WaterAn incident which took place on the night was, by every exertion in its power, to harof the surrender of Almeida, deserves to be rass the corps opposed to it; yet not a strag-loo must have riveted the conviction. mentioned, to shew the hostility of the Por-gler was overtaken; no article of baggage tuguese peasantry to the French. Colonel captured; no corps of infantry, except Biographia Curiosa; or Memoirs of RePavetti, the chief of the gens d'armerie of where the invaders were routed at Busaco, markable Characters of the Reign of France, in Spain, had gone to Almeida with was ever seen or molested. Of all the reMarshal Massena, when he left his head- treats which have ever been executed, this George the Third. With their Porquarters at the fort of La Conception, to in- deserves most to be admired. The steady traits. Collected from the most auduce the garrison to surrender; when the principle on which it was carried into effect thentic sources. By George Smeeton. firing recommenced, Colonel Pavetti (who could alone have secured its success. Lord was unwell) set out upon his return to his Wellington never swerved from his purpose; thirty monthly numbers, making three voOf this publication, which is to consist of quarters; he was accompanied by a Lieut.- the various changes which every day occur lumes, No. 1 has appeared. It contains acColonel, a Captain, and twelve men; the in war, made no impression on his determi-counts and portraits of the Corsican Fairy. night was extremely dark and stormy, and nation. The great event of a battle, such of William Stevenson a Scotch beggar, of he lost his way. He met with a Portuguese as that of Busaco, won over an enemy who Elias Hoyle a Yorkshire centenary, and of shepherd, whom he took for his guide, and was surrounded by an hostile nation, never Sam House a Westminster publican and rewho promised to conduct him (the vengeance induced him to change the plan of operations publican. The engravings are executed in a of these Frenchinen hanging over him) to which he was convinced would in the end good style, and the matter is amusing: we the fort of La Conception. But this pea- produce the most decisive advantages. quote the simple annals of Hoyle as a specisant could not resist his feelings of animosi- Guided by such a principle, Lord Wellingty; he found courage to mislead the party; ton was enabled triumphantly to execute his and under the pretence of having missed his plan; the successes which have since attend-werby, in Yorkshire, being, at the time the way, brought it to his own village. He per- ed his career are the best evidences of its suaded Colonel Pavetti to put up for the wisdom. It is a singular circumstance, that of age. His life is another convincing proof accompanying portrait was taken, 113 years night in the house of the Jues de Fora, and when in his turn Massena had to conduct of the invaluable blessings of sobriety and pretended that he would procure provisions his army in retreat over nearly the same industry; for, by his labour alone," that for him. Instead, however, of employing ground to the frontiers of Spain, although offspring of want and mother of health," he - himself in that way, he collected the inhabi- he had the advantages of making his prepa-maintained a numerous family in glorious tants, fell upon the French, killed them all rations in secret, and of disguising the mo-independence; not one of them receiving except the colonel, whom he beat most se- ment of putting it into execution, yet he was parochial relief, although he was only a jourverely, and his servant who stated himself to constantly overtaken; the corps of his army neyman mechanic: he was enabled to follow bera German. The next day the colonel beaten and harrassed; and in every action his employment till he was 110 years old. was brought, with two ribs broken and other which he was compelled to fight, he was damages, to the head-quarters of Lord Wel-driven with loss and disaster from his posilington, where he was attended to, and tions. afterwards sent prisoner to England.

Lord Wellington placed his army on the To appreciate this event, it must be re-ground marked out for it in the course of membered that it took place in the middle the 8th, 9th, and 10th of October. The of an army of 60,000 Frenchmen; that their lines, as they have been termed, extended revenge awaited those who were concerned from Alhandra to the mouth of the Zizanin it, but that, notwithstanding, the animo-dra; the whole distance may be computed

men.

"This venerable man was a native of So

Yorkshire has produced more instances of longevity than any county in England: the cause of which is probably to be ascribed to the salubrity of the air, and sobriety of its inhabitants. The following is a list of persons who resided in Yorkshire, and attained the age of a century and upwards.

* Vide Easton's Longevity.

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