at rest. The law has passed and been obeyed. I say, Gentlemen, that the law has been obeyed, because I conceive it not to be inconsistent with the duties of the present occasion, and of this place, to call to your recollection, that our Island Legislature has gone hand in hand with that of the Mother Country in passing local regulations in aid of the Abolition laws. This very proceeding is itself in some degree a manifestation, that a desire to violate or evade them forms no part of the character of the inhabitants of this colony. This is the first time that there has been occasion to institute a legal prosecution similar to that in which we are now engaged. Indeed, I cannot disregard so suitable an occasion as the present for declaring my implicit conviction, that, in Jamaica, those laws have been strictly and scrupulously fulfilled. The length of time during which I have here held a public station, must have allowed me the means and opportunities for observation; and it is from the experience and information thus obtained, that I feel myself bound to make this declaration. Your experience and general knowledge of the laws render it unnecessary to expatiate on the nature of the duties attached to you, as the Grand Inquest of the country. You are well aware, that in the investigation of offences, it is your province to hear evidence on the part of the prosecution, and to inquire whether there be sufficient cause to call upon the party accused to answer it. You will have the goodness for the present to with. draw, and the indictment will be laid before you with as little delay as possible by the officers of the Crown," FRIDAY, JULY 30. The Court being formed as before, with the exception of Sir H. Popham, and the prisoners being put to the bar, his Honour the Judge of the Vice-admiralty Court delivered the following address and sentence: "John Hudson and John Jones,-You have been indicted and found guilty of carrying away and removing, and also of detaining and confining, 44 persons, for the purpose of their being sold, transferred, used, and dealt with as slaves, by importation, into this island or elsewhere. And you, John Hudson, have been separately indicted and found guilty of hav ing taken the charge and command of, and embarking on board of a schooner, called the St. Antonio, as master, you well knowing that such schooner was to be employed in an illicit traffic in slaves. You have had the advantage of every assistance in your defence, and of trial before a most respectable and intelligent jury. The evidence produced against you was unimpeachable, in regard to the character and demeanour of the witnesses, and irresistible as to the clearness and concurrence of their statements. The Court were happy to find, that although the conclusions against you, to be drawn from the evidence, were undeniable, you stand alone in the transactiou. Not the slightest suspicion arises that you had in this island any confederate to draw you to our shores, but you appear to have rashly come hither unseduced and uninvited. Far from meeting with encouragement, when you first landed on the North side of the island, you, John Hudson, were repelled by the person to whom you clandestinely applied for the disposal of your cargo, and admonished of the peril in which you stood. An excuse has been alleged for your intrusion into this colony, that you were diverted from another destination by necessity and famine, Were this allegation true, it would not have been a legal exculpation; for it was a felonious act in you both, as British subjects, to have engaged in a traffic in slaves of whatever national character. appears in evidence against you, John Hudson, that you disregarded the warning which you had received at Anattobay, and approached Oracalessa, there again offering the Africans on board your schooner for sale, and avowing your re solution to continue along the coast for the purpose of disposing of them: ignorance of the law cannot be urged in behalf of either of you. The crime, of which you have been found guilty, was, it is true, once introduced and sanctioned by the British Legislature; but the change in the complexion and consequences of such a transaction was not made on a sudden. Time was given for the sentiments and commercial habits of men to assume a new direction, before the act of trafficking in slaves was denounced as a felony. It "John Jones,-The Court, in admeasuring the sentence to which you are subjected by the law, have paid attention to the humane recommendation by the Jury of your case to their consideration. The sentence of the law is, and which I pronounce in the name of the Cour, that you, John Hudson and John Jones, be severally transported to such place beyond the seas as his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, in the name and on the behalf of his Majesty, shall order and direct-you, John Hudson, for the space of seven years, and you, John Jones, for the space of three years; and that you be now severally remanded to the custody of the Provost Marshal-General of this island, to be by him kept in safe custody, in execution of this judgment, until you shall be so transported as aforesaid." REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS. 9. An Original History of the City of Gloucester, almost wholly compiled from new Materials: supplying the numerous Deficiencies, and correcting the Errors of preceding Accounts; including also the original Papers of the late Ralph Bigland, Esq. Garter Principal King of Arms. By the Rev. Thomas Dudley Fosbrooke, M. A. F. A. S. Author of the History of the County, British Mo. nachism, &c. fol. & 4to. Nichols and Sou. THE HE Monumental and Genealogical Collections of the late Ralph Bigland, Esq. are matters of such interest to the inhabitants of Gloucestershire, and, under circumstances, of such important benefit to them, that we are sincerely glad to see an attempt to bring them to a conclusion seriously commenced; and we also hope, that a county so enlightened and opulent as that of Gloucester, will not permit the design to fail for want of due cucouragement. Do not these Collections preserve those pious and sacred memorials of their ancestors, which they have erected, often at very considerable expence, and is any mode of preservation equally durable with the recording page of History? The Work before us is the first part of the intended Continuation, and supplies that important desideratum, concerning this antient City, which its real history required. This desideratum was a proper archæological explanation of its interesting remains; no preceding accounts had elucidated the station, or exhibited the distinction between that and the British city. No notice had been taken of the Palace of the British and the Mercian Kings, or of a castle, existing before the Norman Con quest. Matter, equal in quantity to a volume, and of interesting general history, had been totally neglected. Before the publications of Mr. Fosbrooke, not a line had appeared from the manuscripts in the British Museum. In short, the whole research was confined to the Chronicle of Abbot Froucester (once in the Chapter Library), and a few of the City Papers, with very rare exceptions; the whole of the City History GENT. MAG, December, 1819. consisted of jejune and dry details, mere chronological indexes. To show the correctness of this statement we have only to bring forward in comparison, the present work, which is copious, illustrative, and novel. If the catalogues of the county parishes, monastic estates, and members of parliament be excluded, former works do not contain so much ' matter as the General History of the present book. Add to this, various valuable and curious reprints, such as the whole of that exceedingly-rare Tract, "Dorney's Journal of the Siege ;" all the paragraphs in the newspapers published during the Ci- ; vil War; Corbett's Military Government (so far as concerns the City); numerous Biographical notices, and Archæological disquisitions, of high curiosity and interest, which now for the first time are presented to the publick. The Work is written upon a new plan, thus explained by the Author. "Topographical works consisting of matters of reading, and matters of reference, and being heavy from a commixture, as absurd as would be making a continuous narrative of the paragraphs and the Advertisements of a newspaper, the Author determined to throw all unmanageable details (in the manner of advertisements) into an Appendix, at the end of the chapter. Antiquarian science can only be made a subject of general interest, by removing such incumbrances, nor does it so well avail to pick out Topography with the History of England, as with Archæological Dissertation, always curious, and to Philosophers always important. Besides, such a History-of-England construction is much like depriving tumes; its leading features of interest an old portrait of the beard and costo posterity. A local history is not a machine, carriage, or engine, of which the merit depends upon a particular mode of action, but a museum or cabinet; and accordingly, the antient quotations and extracts are given in their native form." Preface. If it be judicious to separate paragraphs and advertisements, in those sweetmeats of luxury-reading Newspapers, we think this distinction between matters of reading and matters of reference to be equally pro per encourage and sustain us even Mr. URBAN, THE Dec. HE enactment of the recent striction Bills appears to be fined to a specific purpose, bey which they cannot in propriety tend. It is probable, however, t much good would result to the tion by removing one cause of se tion, distress, and to the inhabita of the manufacturing districts by c minishing the poor's rates. The improvidence of the Poor i proverbial; and they pour such num bers of the population into particula tracks of employ, that the master cannot extend his capital to meet the daily increasing demand for work. It has been stated (but the writer of this has no means of referring to documents) that the total number of adult males in the kingdom amounts only to three millions. Of this much too large a proportion is devoted to the weavers in the silk, cloth, and cotton manufactories. In the two departments of the silk and cotton branches, we perpetually hear of distress. The Spitalfields weavers, the stocking weavers, and the cotton weavers, are almost the only branches of employ by which we are periodically reminded (let the times be in other respects what they may), that there is a stagnation of trade, through which they are thrown out of bread. All trades fluctuate; but the weavers, being far too numerous, suffer excessively. The constitutions of persons in this line of employ are so enfeebled, that they are not capable of husbandry work, at least for continuance. They have a squallid aspect, and a tendency to asthma and phthisis.. It is well known that, during the last harvest, men could not be ob tained in sufficient numbers, in the agricultural counties, to get in the crops as fast as they were ready; and it is equally certain, that the workhouses contain no able-bodied men. It is too pretty clear that country carpenters are never in want of work, unless through personal misconduct. May it not then be inferred, that VIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS. ginal History of the City of almost wholly compiled from ials: supplying the numerous es, and correcting the Errors of Accounts; including also the Papers of the late Ralph BigGarter Principal King of the Rev. Thomas Dudley M. A. F. A. S. Author of of the County, British Mofol. & 4to. Nichols and Sou. zeal to exc British have been The pr were indeer. of the 51 Felony Act ader a C the 46 Gen Commiss The ense applications prisoner Ha Slaves, m were inmeter have authen Thing could aes 200 enmentes m gistrates is bad par consisted of jejune and dry details, mere chronological indexes. Το show the correctness of this statement we have only to bring forward in comparison, the present work, which is copious, illustrative, and novel. If the catalogues of the county parishes, monastic estates, and members of parliament be excluded, former works do not contain so much ' matter as the General History of the present book. Add to this, various valuable and curious reprints, such as the whole of that exceedingly-rare Tract, "Dorney's Journal of the Siege ;" all the paragraphs in the newspapers published during the Ci- ; vil War; Corbett's Military Government (so far as concerns the City);" numerous Biographical notices, and Archæological disquisitions, of high curiosity and interest, which now for the first time are presented to the publick. The Work is written upon a new plan, thus explained by the Author. umental and Genealoollections of the late ', Esq. are matters of to the inhabitants of , and, under circumimportant benefit to are sincerely glad to to bring them to a usly commenced; and that a county so enopulent as that of not permit the dewant of due encounot these Collections pious and sacred meancestors, which they ften at very consider and is any mode of ally durable with the f History? Topographical works consisting of matters of reading, and matters of reference, and being heavy from a commixture, as absurd as would be making efore us is the first ended Continuation, t important desideg this antient City, Tory required. This , a proper archæoloof its interesting reeding accounts had station, or exhibited etween that and the No notice had been ace of the British and ngs, or of a castle, a continuous narrative of the paragraphs and the Advertisements of a newspaper, the Author determined to throw all unmanageable details (in the manner of advertisements) into an Appendix, at the end of the chapter. Antiquarian science can only be made a subject of general interest, by removing such incumbrances, nor does it so well avail to pick out Topography with the History of England, as with Archæological Dissertation, always curious, and to Philosophers always important. Besides, such a History-of-England construction is much like depriving an old portrait of the beard and costumes; its leading features of interest to posterity. A local history is not a machine, carriage, or engine, of which the merit depends upon a particular mode of action, but a museum or cabinet; and accordingly, the antient quotations and extracts are given in their native form." Preface. the Norman Conequal in quantity to f interesting general en totally neglected. .cations of Mr. Fosline had appeared cripts in the British ort, the whole reed to the Chronicle ester (once in the ), and a few of the th very rare excepof the City History December, 1819. If it be judicious to separate paragraphs and advertisements, in those sweetmeats of luxury-reading Newspapers, we think this distinction between matters of reading and matters of reference to be equally pro per per in Topography. Besides, through the plan adopted, the work resembles an interesting magazine, which may be taken up or laid down at option, and is thus exceedingly convenient. It would far exceed our limits to give even a small portion of the various matters, which this luminous book contains. It is enlivened all through with dissertational explanations, and occasionally with valuable reflections. From the Civil-war matters we bave derived much instructive information, very applicable to the present times: with the solitary excep tion, that our Republicans are not godly ones. Both sets are mere party-men: one only canting hypocrites. It is not possible to make all mankind act upon religious principles; and as a solitary mode of universal reform, the experiment will fail. Education is the only general method, in union with Religion. "Governments," says Mr. Fosbrooke, "are not simple abstract things, as Projectors suppose. In general they are immensely complex machines, in the formation of which, plain scientific rules do not form the basis, but the subsidence of various discordant interests in one place. The interests of the Nobility, Gentry, Clergy, Commercial persons, the Army, the Navy, and others are of a various kind; yet, from convenience, like people who crowd a street, and know, that they cannot pro. ceed on their business, if the mob, jostle, or quarrel, they adjust some plan of peaceable travelling. In the same manner Government is considered by each, as a plan for accommodating their several interests, in their various directions, or else, theoretical perfection is no recommendation." p. 117. We heartily wish, that we could instil these judicious remarks into the minds of those detestable Promulgators of Blasphemy and Seditionthat army of locusts, who might, we think, with as much propriety be styled Christians as Refor mers. They are genuine anarchists; puppies of the chaotic breed, who retain their blindness through the whole of their dog-hood; and they hunt in pack with only one cry, "Havock, and spoil, and ruin are my gain." As Mr. Fosbrooke is well known for works of learned entertainment and recondite research, we assure our Readers, that the present volume will be found equally worthy their perusal, and add perhaps considerably to their knowledge. The Plates, XXXVII in number, are good, and of conservative character as to subjects. By 92. The History of Birmingham. William Hutton, F. A. S. S. Continued to the present time by Catherine Hutton. The Fourth Edition. pp. 471. Nichols and Son; and Baldwin and Co. THE celebrity of the late Mr. Hútton as an entertaining Topographer and Tourist, and his well-known integrity and industry, have frequently been noticed in our former volumes! and his "History of Birmingham" is particularly valuable. The present Edition is presented to the publick by his amiable and worthy Daughter, the companion of many of his Tours, on whom the literary mantle of her Father has gracefully fallen; and who thus unaffectedly introduces the much-improved and handsome volume. "Various circumstances delayed the publication of the present edition of the History of Birmingham, till it was become necessary to make some additions to the work of the author. Almost all the information prior to the year 1814 has been supplied by himself; all subsequent to that period has been added, to the best of her power, though not to the extent of her wishes, by his daughter, CATHERINE HUTTON. Bennett's Hill, Jan. 1, 1819." As it would be endless to specify the multifarious contents of this interesting History, we shall only enumerate various "Trades" for which Birmingham is more particularly famous; those of buttons, buckles, guns, leather, steel, brass-workers, nails, bellows, thread, printing, brass-foundering, brewers, hackney - coaches; and last, not least, the bankers; which latter respectable body of traders are thus noticed: "Perhaps a public bank is as necessary to the health of the commercial body, as exercise to the natural. The circulation of the blood and spirits is promoted by one, as that of cash and bills by the other; and a stagnation is equally detrimental to both. Few places are without: yet Birmingham, famous in the annals of traffic, could boast no such claim medy this defect, about every tenth trader was a banker, or a retailer of cash. To re At the |