and temperament of our minds than on the circumstances in which we may be placed, and consists rather in a disposition to be pleased, than in the possession of the means from which pleasure is to be derived. Man in his present state is so constituted, that he cannot endure an uninterrupted course of enjoyment; deprive him of the motives to exertion, and he will lose all relish for the good which should be its reward; exempt him from the necessity of encountering fatigue, and he will cease to find solace in repose; lavish on him all the boons of nature, heightened by the refinements of art, and he will still sigh for some gratification which has not yet been attained, and which perhaps is unattainable. Among those who possess the united advantages of rank, fortune, and high intellectual endowments, how many are there to whom that exalted state has proved to be a mere pre-eminence in wretchedness; who have passed over the wide range of pleasure till it has become a mere routine; who oppressed with ennui and dead to sympathy, view, undelighted, all delight," and are disposed, like Hamlet, to regard "this goodly frame, the earth, as a sterile promontory, and the brave o'erhanging firmament as a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours." When it is seen that men cannot be happy who have the amplest means of being so, how popular, yet how fallacious is the influence, that there is no happiness in the world. For, it is the mind's disease which induces those favourites of fortune to consider their own sphere of existence as joyless, and that of their fellowmortals beneath them as utterly miserable. Compare such a case of morbid apathy with that of the lowliest rustic, who gifted only with the ordinary functions of life, revives to a keener relish of its blessings after a temporary privation of health:

66

The meanest flowret of the vale,
The simplest note that swells the gale,
The common sun, the air, the skies,
To him are opening paradise.

It cannot be denied that in the sensation here indicated there is happiness, and though it be regarded may as accidental and transitory, yet it is a fair type of that which may be permanently secured by a due exercise of our reason, and a just controul

over our appetites and passions. The truth is, and it is a truth which the amiable author of the work before us has very clearly demonstrated, that to every condition of life there are certain duties attached, on the discharge of which chiefly depends the happiness that is to be expected in such condition. Health cannot be preserved without temperance; peace of mind cannot be attained without piety and integrity; and competence can neither be acquired nor preserved without a careful and prudent adaptation of means to ends. These duties therefore are paramount and indispensible in all changes of state or circumstance, and they become more difficult of practice in proportion to the strength of the temptations which contravene them. Hence, it should seem, that a state of opulence is to a certain degree unfavourable to happiness, because duty necessarily implies a restraint on that freedom of the will which is one of its primary requisites. But it is on the complete subjection of our inclinations to our duties that the present writer insists, as preparatory to the operation of her system, and it is only when that subjection has been completed and confirmed by habit, that the sources of happiness which she reveals to us, are available. These sources, which in justifying the ways of God to man, she shews to be more numerous and abundant than those of misery, are arranged in two classes; the first of which comprehends the blessings distributed by the Almighty Parent to his creatures, throughout the great volume of nature; and the second includes those enjoyments which he permits and sanctions in a state of society established and regulated according to his immutable laws.

We have not space to follow the Author through the beautiful series of speculations in which she developes her theory, and must therefore refer to the work itself as well worthy the attention of our juvenile readers, from the sound principles which it inculcates, and the just and luminous views of Nature which it

exhibits.

IF we put out of the question Dr. Armstrong's invaluable Pathology of Typhus, this is one of the most important works for which the Medical world is indebted, since Baillie's Morbid Anatomy. We rise from it, fully persuaded, that it sheds a brilliant and permanent light upon a very dimly-investigated, though not quite solitary track of medical science; one in which many have seemingly bewildered themselves, but none have come forth as this Author, with fixed evidences of having found what he sought. Almost he alone has been destined to mature a series of ineffectual speculations among medical philosophers, from Boerhaave, De Haen, and the enquirers into the absorbent system, up to the Homes, Abernethys, Farres, and Adamses of the present century.

The hypothetical suggestions of false speculations seem to have been rigidly suppressed, and the theoretical exposition of realities, in a mass of morbid dissections, to have been long premeditated before annunciation.

It will appear to the credulous like placing the elephant upon the tortoise, when they learn that the tubercle is a transformation of that parasite of human organization, the hydated.

Enlarging occasionally from the magnitude of a pin's head," to that a goose's egg," its hydatical existence commonly finds its pereat form surrounding obstruction. Hav ing disfunctionized the only channel of removal (the absorbents) it seldom separates, but commences the metempsychosis into solid tubercular

structures.

This explains the generation in most instances of carcino matous, encysted tumour, tubercular pthysis, &c. It aims a hard blow, though perhaps not quite a fatal one, at the inflammatory theory. For the hydatical history Dr. Baron is greatly indebted to the admirable Dr. Jenner, by this discovery rendered still more admirable. A mind of mediocrity would have rejected the first conception, as wild, but the discovering mind, with instinctive tenacity, has an irresistible belief of the exist

ence of those relations which finally consummate the whole.

81. Cases in Surgery: On the Malformation and Diseases of the Head; illustrated with Etchings. By William Wadd, Esq. F. L. S. Surgeon Extraordinary to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, &c. &c. 4to. pp. 21; and XI. Plates, Callow,

THIS publication affords an additional proof, not only of the great skill and industry of Mr. Wadd in his proper profession, but of the ability also displayed in the performance of the admirable Etchings. (See our vols. LXXXVI. i. 240. LXXXVIII. ii. 617.)

The present little volume is the more acceptable, as "the Pathology of the Brain is not only the most interesting, but perhaps is the most defective branch of medical science."

82.

The Duty and Rewards of Industry considered. By the Rev. Isaac Barrow, D. D. formerly Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. Now first separately published. pp. 184. Wetton and Jarvis.

WE are glad to see these excellent Discourses thus brought forward as a separate publication in a neat and commodious form.

"Their distinguished merit has entitled them to a place among the Select Sermons of the Author lately published by the University of Oxford: and surely it may not unreasonably be expected that a wide circulation of them will tend to confirm and increase, in well-disposed minds, the influence of Industry, 'the mother, the nurse, and the guardian of all virtues,' and even infuse some portion of her spirit where unhappily it may not already prevail. A farther good may pos sibly arise: the manner in which the subject is treated may induce the Reader to cultivate an acquaintance with other Dis courses of the Author, from an attentive perusal of which he cannot rise without advantage and improvement."

The present Editor has judiciously simplified the work, and adapted it to general use, by omitting the scriptural authorities, and occasional quotations from Greek and Latin authors.

"The substance of the passages referred to, if not the very mode of expression, is in all cases adopted by the Author; and to have inserted them in this manual, might probably have had the effect of deterring some classes of readers from a perusal of it, aud by others might have been considered, for any practical purpose, as unnecessarily encumbering the text."

S3. A Sermon, preached at the Opening of the Chapel for the Blind Asylum, at Liverpool, on Wednesday, October 6, 1819. By George Henry Law, D. D. F. R. & A. S. Lord Bishop of Chester. Published at the request of the Committee. 4to. pp. 21. Cruikshank, Liverpool. IT is delightful to see this worthy Prelate thus actively employed in a "labour of love," so congenial to his own benevolence. It is needless to add, that the Discourse (from 1 Kings viii. 18.) was excellent, and the result of it highly beneficial to the Charitable Institution; the object of which is not merely to relieve the temporal wants of a peculiarly distressed part of the community, but to provide also for their spiritual

comfort and instruction.

"To the credit of the inhabitants of this

distinguished town, be it mentioned, that 4271. 9s. 9d. were collected at the Church doors, after the Sermon preached on laying the Foundation Stone of this Chapel, and 3017. 5s. at the opening of it."-" Before the building of this Chapel for the Blind Asylum, six new Churches, since the Author's accession to the See of Chester, had been consecrated by him in Liverpool, and its immediate vicinity; and an additional Parish Church is at this time nearly completed, at an expence to the parish, of at least 20,000l."

84.

The Duties of Christians towards Deists: A Sermon, preached at the Unitarian Chapel, Parliament-court, Artillery-lane, Bishopsgate-street, on Sunday, October 24, 1819, on occasion of the recent Prosecution of Mr. Carlile, for the re-publication of "Paine's Age of Reason." By W. J. Fox. 8vo. pp. 48. IN a long and querulous Preface; in which the Judge, the Counsel, and the Juries, on two recent Trials in Guild-ball, are not much indebted to Mr. Fox for left-handed compliments, the Preacher informs us, that

"On the Sunday preceding the trial of Mr. Carlile for the publication of Paine's Age of Reason, having occasion to discourse on the account of the persecution of Paul and Silas at Philippi, I made the following allusion to what I could not but consider as an imitation of the opposers of Christianity in that transaction: And here I must be allowed to digress for

a moment, to lament that the Christian

name should have been sullied, stained, bloodily stained with the foulest enormity of Paganism and Imposture; and that even here, in this boasted land of liberty, and now, in the nineteenth century, there GENT. MAG. November, 1819.

Mr. Fox then endeavours to prove, that Carlile ought not to have been prosecuted; that he had committed no crime; that "Christianity is NOT the Law of the Land;" and that "the Christian has no more natural right to punish the Deist, than the Deist to punish the Christian."

These points have been happily determined by better judges, to the high satisfaction of every true Christian.

"If the protection of the Established Religion be essential to the security of Governments, then is a limit fixed to the diffusion of Christianity, and Societies, whose list of members are graced with some of the highest names in Church and State, are the enemies of social order all

over the world."

This specious discourse, from an admirable passage in St. Luke (vi. 31) recommends the duty of doing to

others what

done by them to ourselves; but is, in fact, an Apology for Deism; and, though the Preacher affects to avoid mal nature," he cannot but notice, all remarks of a political or perso

we wish should be

"the manner in which religious people were affected by the late trials, and the emotion, which would otherwise have been uppermost, of disgust at seeing Christi anity under the protection of law-officers, and its insults avenged by legal penalties, was lost in regret that Christians could witness such proceedings with pleasure, applaud the verdict which pronounced open unbelief a crime, and find in the imprisonment of a Deist matter for congratulation."

We trust enough has been said to caution our readers against the libe rality of the present Discourse.

85. Enfield's

85. Enfield's Natural Theology. The Fifth Edition, enlarged. 12mo. pp. 172. Tegg.

We are glad to find that this useful little volume has been so well received as to call for a fifth impression. To the favourable notice of it in vol. LXXVIII. p. 291, we have only to add, that the subjects it discusses "have been gleaned from those sources that seemed best cal, culated, without entering into abstruse reasoning, to fix this great truth, at an early age, powerfully on the minds of the rising generation, as the surest shield against the allure ments that would lead them from the path of duty, and awaken them to a veneration of that Being who hath called them into existence."

86. Some extraordinary Examples in Mental Calculations, as performed in London and in various Parts of England, by G. Bidder, a Devonshire Youth, not thirteen years of age. 12mo. pp. 36.

Wetton and Jarvis.

THE attention of the publick was attracted, not long ago, by the extraordinary calculating powers of Zerah Colborne, an American youth. The present publication affords a remarkable instance of early talent in a native of our own Country, who, being on one occasion examined with the American by a party of gentlemen assembled to ascertain their respective abilities, proved himself his superior. It consists of a variety of interesting questions solved by Bidder with a facility truly astonishing, the greater part in a space of time not exceeding one minute.

"As accuracy is necessary to the attainment of excellence in figures, and practice no less a requisite to ensure accuracy, it is thought that to work and prove the answers to the questions in this little volume, deriving as they do a considerable interest from the circumstances attending them, may prove a very useful and pleasing exercise to many young persons."

87. The Elements of the Eclipse, together with the Radii of Curvature, &c. relating to that Curve, and of Centripetal and Centrifugal forces in Elliptical orbits : to which is added, the first of Dr. Matthew Stuart's Tracis. By James Adams, 8vo. pp. 152.

THE Demonstrations of Hamilton, Isaac Newton, Robertson, and others,

The compilation of this little volume (we are told) was suggested by the perusal of some remarks in the Times Newspaper, 19th July, 1817, upon the Genius and Writings of the celebrated woman from whose Works the passages are selected.

The Author appears to be an enthusiastic admirer of Madame de Stael; and auxiously wishing to rescue her fame from any obloquy to which the abovementioned remarks may have subjected her, she has taken much pains to select passages from various parts of De Stael's works, in order to prove the "sound morality"-the noble, pure, and elevated sentiments of the Writer in question.

We pretend not to engage in any controversy on so delicate a subject, but refer our Readers to these "Treasures of Thought," which, if well attended to, might assist to regulate and improve the virtuous affections.

LITERARY

Oxford, Nov. 6. The Prince Regent having appointed the Earl of Guildford to be Chancellor of the University in the Ionian Islands, it was resolved, in acknowledgment of his Lordship's zeal in the promotion of Greek Literature, and as a testimony of the interest which the University takes in the success of the Institution, to confer upon his Lordship the degree of Doctor in Civil Law. With the same view it was also resolved to present to the Library of the Ionian University all such books, printed at the Clarendon Press, as are likely to be useful to the general design of the Institution.

Cambridge, Nov. 4. Mr. Serjeant Frere, Master of Downing College, is elected Vice-Chancellor. On Tuesday last, in consequence of a Requisition, signed by a number of distinguished individuals, a meeting took place at the Lecture-room, under the Public Library, Dr. Haviland in the Chair, when a series of Resolutions were carried unanimously, tending to the establishment of a society, as a point of concourse for scientific communication. The further organization of the Society being referred to a Committee, the Meeting was dissolved.

Nearly ready for Publication:

A Letter to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, on the subject of certain Doctrines of the Church of England termed Evangelical: occasioned by the Observations contained in Two Letters addressed by the Rev. E. J. Burrow, Minister of Hampstead Chapel, to the Rev. William Marsh, Vicar of St. Peter's, Colchester; including a brief Inquiry into Objects and Constitution of the British Foreign Bible Society. By a LAY MEMBER of the ESTABLISHED CHURCH.

Christianity no cunningly devised Fable: being six Discourses on the Evidences of Christianity. By the Rev. H. C. O'DONNOGHUE, A. M.

A Letter on Superstition, by the Right Hon. WILLIAM PITT (afterwards Earl of Chatham), first printed in 1733; addressed to the multifarious sects in Great Britain.

A Collection of the Works of the Rev. FRANCIS WRANGHAM whose valuable Additions and Notes on LANGHORNE'S Plutarch are well known to the many readers of that useful publication.

Biblical Criticism on the Books of the Old and New Testament, and Translations of Sacred Songs, with Notes, Critical and Explanatory. By SAMUEL HORSLEY, LL.D. F. R. S. F. A. S. late Lord Bishop of St. Asaph.

A Re-publication of two Sermons of the Rev. Dr. JOHN TAYLOR, the learned editor of Domosthenes.

The Beloved Disciple; a series of Discourses on the Life, Character, and Writings of the Apostle John. By ALFRED BISHOP.

An Essay on the Madras System of Education, its Powers, its Application to Classical Schools, and its utility as an Instrument to form the principles and habits of Youth in the higher orders of society. By the Rev. HARVEY MARRIOTT, Rector of Claverton, and Chaplain to the Right Hon. Lord Kenyon.

The Insufficiency of Nature and Rea son, and the necessity of Revelation, to demonstrate the Existence and Perfections of the Deity. By Mr. ANDREW HORN.

The Lives of British Statesmen. By JOHN MACDIARMID, esq. Containing the Lives of Sir Thomas Moore; Cecil, Lord Burleigh; Wentworth, Earl of Strafford; and Hyde, Earl of Clarendon.

Memoirs of the Protector Oliver Cromwell, and his sons Richard and Henry, illustrated by original Letters, and other Family Papers, By OLIVER CROMWELL, esq. a descendant of the family. With Six Portraits, from original pictures.

Travels in various Countries of the East; being a Continuation of Memoirs relating to European and Asiatic Turkey, &c. Edited by ROBERT WALPOLE, M. A. With Remarks on the Natural History, Antiqui ties, Manners, and Customs, of those Countries.

Transactions of the Literary Society of Bombay.

The History of the Crusades for the Recovery and Possession of the Holy Land, By CHARLES MILLS, esq. "Author of a History of Muhammedanism."

Itineraries to Timbuctoo and Kassina, recently received by the Academie des Inscriptions, translated from the Arabic by M. de Sacy, investigated by M. de Walkenaer, and translated into English by T. E. BowDICH, esq. Conductor of the Mission to Ashantee.-By whom are prefixed, an Itinerary from Dagwumba to Mecca, and a Memoir on the Traces of Egyptian Emigrations and Colonies in Ashantee.

Mr. Owen's arrangements for the distressed Working Classes shown to be con sistent with sound Principles of Political Economy; in three Letters to David Ri cardo, esq. M. P.

The Percy Anecdotes. By SHOLTO and REUBEN PERCY, brothers of the Benedictine Monastery, Mont Benger.

Lyrical Dramas, with Domestic Hours.