ARTS AND SCIENCES. NEW SIMPLIFIED PRINTING PRESS. Extracted from the Report of Mr. Ralph Dodd, Engineer, addressed to the Governors, Deputy Governors, and Direc tors of the Bank of England. Allowing the best Presses now wrought by two persons to produce what is termed the Printer's token (two hundred and fifty in the hour), this new simplified Press, with less trouble and greater ease in working, will produce more than double that number of finer impressions in the same time, with only the same number of persons employed; because she blacks her own Letter-press without assistance, and Prints her work on what is termed the thread; taking thereby only one twentyfourth part of the power necessary for working the plattin, or flat-faced surfaces, in the present Presses, which require great force and power to every square inch they produce; setting aside their too often not giving a clear and equal tint to the impression, with other parts of their complexed Mechanism getting out of order. The superiority of these simplified Presses over the others, is their capability of printing with the greatest facility, either common Letter-type, Stereotype, or Copper-plate printing, without any material alteration." "A Steam Engine Press cannot be got up for less than one thousand five hundred pounds, calculating on a suitable place for it; and supposing it to be a two horse power Engine only, with the coals she will consume, for small Engines destroy more in proportion than large ones, with their wear and tear, and a proper person to look after her, she cannot be wrought for less than three hundred and fifty pounds per annum; the working the Printing Machine or Press, connected to it, its repairs, wear and tear, with its numerous and complexed parts, with a man and two lads to attend her, at two hundred pounds per annum; add to this, for capital sunk, one hundred and fifty pounds per annum, for interest, the sum may be said to average about six hundred and fifty pounds per annum; taking the general average of their productions at four token, or one thousand per hour, provided the work goes on pleasantly without any stoppages, for from the complexity of their parts, their stopping twice within the half hour, thus taking the best of her productions, it only amounts to the quantity of four common Presses, which is wrought with eight persons at about the same expense. It might be deemed saying too much to assert that the Improved Simplified Press, wrought by one man and a lad, would produce nearly the number of impressions as the Steam Press, in the hour; but to place it beyond controversy, two of them would produce the number, or more, and are only wrought by the same number of persons, two men and two lads; which money for their services, with the interest for the first cost, will not exceed two hundred and sixty pounds per annum for both the presses working." HYDRAULIC ENGINE.-Mr. Clarke, Machine-maker, Old Fishmarket-close, Edinburgh, has made the model of an engine, invented by Mr. Dickson, Gilmore-place, whereby the power of water, or liquid of any kind, is shown to be far beyond what any person would conceive that has not studied the principle upon which it is founded. There is no power, as yet known, can be carried to a greater extent; and what appears astonishing, though perfectly possible, a supply of water passing through a tube of an inch diameter, where the situation suits, is sufficient to perform the work of 50 or even 100 horses. From the small quantity of water required, it is likely to be in considerable request for driving either light or heavy machinery. STEAM ENGINE.-The Americans have applied the power of steam to supersede that of horses in propelling stage coaches. In the state of Kentucky a stage coach is now established with a steam-engine, which travels at the rate of 12 miles an hour: it can be stopped instantly, and set again in motion with its former velocity, and is so constructed, that the passengers sit within two feet of the ground. The velocity depends on the size of the wheels. ENGLISH GOLD-Some fine specimens of native English Gold have been presented to the Royal Institution, by Sir Christopher Hawkins, Bart. through the hands of Earl Spencer. They were found lately, while streaming for tin, in the parish of Ladock, Cornwall: some of the pieces weigh each 60 grains.-Native English gold has also been found lately in Devonshire, by Mr. Flexman, of South Molton. It occurs in the refuse of the Prince Regent mine, in the parish of North Molton; the mine was discovered in 1810, and worked for copper, but was discontiuued in May, 1818. The refuse is a ferruginous fragmented quartz rock, and contains the gold in imbedded grains and plates. Gold has been reported to be found in some other mines in that neighbourhood. RED SNOW. - Mr. Francis Bauer, from a number of accurate observations, with microscopes of great power, on the red snow, in a melted state, from Baffin's Bay, pronounces the colouring matter to be a new species of uredo (a minute fungus), to which he proposes to give the name nivalis. SELECT my sight, SELECT POETRY. EFFUSION of an AMERICAN MUSE. THE Green hills of Britain advance on [delight, The hills that my fathers once view'd with The birth-place of freedom, the land of the brave, [slave. The hate of the tyrant, the hope of the Dear brother Atlantics forget not the ties, [prize. Laws, language, life, liberty, all that ye How peacefully pleasant her vallies appear! [the year, 'Tis the farewell of Summer, the close of The streamlet winds swiftly adorn the green hill, [still. And the trees that hang over are beautiful Dear brother, &c. I kneel on her lovely and wave-beaten shore, And fervently pray that all envy be o'er ; Alas! that ambition, or misapplied power Should have torn from the present so charming a flower! Dear brother, &c. Hence! depart! 'tis classic ground, Here no warnings will be found, Omens of your fearful sway; Memory here informs, amazes, Whilst the flash of Genius blazes, Bright as youth's meridian ray. Hence for twenty years at least, Ere you damp our social feast, Age, we scorn thy chilling power; Hers are eyes that want no glasses, Time well-spent so gaily passes, Youth may envy every hour. Quick in hearing, prompt in giving, Her's the real art of living, Feet, that ever nimbly move, Claims their gratitude and love. A. H. An AUTUMNAL EVENING near the Sea-shore, "Ye elves of brooks, hills, standing lakes, and groves! progress slow, And you who on the sands with printless foot do chase the ebbing Neptune!" NOW Autumn spreads her dark and mellow glow, [rest wave, O'er the bright meads where golden harAnd chang'd from Summer's green with [grave. Her deep'ning tints clothe all in livery Here has her pencil cast a reddening shade, [green, Mingling 'mid varied hues of fading While there a verdure rich still decks the glade [beam. Where slothful ease evades the noontide The swain's keen sickle fells the yellow sheets, [sigh; That wav'd responsive to the zephyr's A deeper glow the downy nectarine meets, And withering flow'rets in the valley die. Huge tufts of ragged shrubs the rocks adorn, [green blend; Where hues autumnal with the fresh High in the air their waving tops are borne, [lend. And to the scene an awful grandeur While gleaming now between their darksome forms, {glide, From tempest-shatter'd clefts the waters, Then foaming, bubbling, urg'd by fight[ged side. ing storms, Mark with white broken lines their rug'Tis eve's calm hour-and reigns a solemn still, [soul; That sheds a pleasing langour o'er the Alone is heard the parent-seeking rill, And sullen burst of ocean's ceaseless roll. Now To lure the sea-nymphs from their sedgy And see from out the glimm'ring waves they rise, [train; The green-robed slaves of antient ocean's Before the mermaid's harp the gay crowd flies, [main. And trips to playful measures o'er the Now fay and fairy 'gin their midnight rite, [bears; While every leaf a lighted dew-drop And decked in lily leaves of purest white, Behold Titania with her sylphs appears. Some haste and seek with purest dew to fill, The acorn goblet of the fairy queen; Another gathers sweets which flowers distil, And courts the mistress of the magic And rough and smooth combine, Still to endear Each passing year Of auld lang syne. Lifford, July 30, 1819. And yet they only murmur in their sleep. Of wealth and glory turn'd to dust and And even the Lion all subdued appears, Of gondolas-and to the busy hum Were but the overbeating of the heart, The aid of age to turn its course apart The weeds of nations in their last decay, And mirth is madness, and but smiles to * As if his senseless sceptre were a wand Rights cheaply earn'd with blood. Still, veins Better, though each man's life-blood were Fly, and one current to the ocean add, 1 Dr. PITCAIRN's Epitaph on JOHN GRAHAM, TE moriente, novas accepit Scotia leges, Accepitque novos, te moriente, Deos; Illa tibi superesse nequit,nec tu potes illæ, Ergo, Caledonia, nomen inane, valeTuque vale, gentis quondam fortissime ductor, [vale. Ultime Scotorum, atque ultime Græme Paraphrase by Dryden. [away; OH, last and best of Scots! who did main * The name of Commonwealth is past and own A sceptre, and endures the purple robe; and Bequeath'd a heritage of heart and hand, GENT. MAG. September, 1819. tain [reign Thy country's freedom from a foreign New people fill the land, now thou art [throne: gone, HISTORICAL CHRONICLE. PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF COMMONS, June 29. On the Report of the Scotch Churches Bill, Lord A. Hamillon objected to the clause which gave the patronage of all the new Churches to the Crown, as counteracting the intention of raising a part of the stipend from pew-rents. Mr. Vansittart defended the patronage of the Crown às consonant to the Scotch establishment, and explained that a fund was to be provided by parliamentary grants for Churches in places where pewrents could not be relied on, as in the Highlands of Scotland, Mr. Hume thought that the clergymen ought to be elected by the congregations, which would crowd the Churches. Lord Binning protested against this doctrine, as tending to make the clergy fanatics and flatterers. The Report was then agreed to. On the 5th of July, 1820, it would only be 368,000,000l., showing a reduction in these two years of 4,000,000. On the 5th of Jan. 1818, the amount of the 3 per cent. Reduced was 135,000,000%.; and on the 5th of July, 1820, it would not exceed 132,000,000l., exhibiting a reduction of 3,000,0007. Thus, there would be a smaller supply, while the demand might be supposed to be increased. A gradual but slow improvement might be expected to take place in all our resources, indicating a healthy state of our circulation. Nothing could promote this more than an abandonment of the system of borrowing. The amount to be taken from the Sinking Fund next year would be as great as in the present; but its operation would be increased by the addition of the new taxes. Its influence on the funds, too, would be aided by another cause which it gave him great pleasure to mention he meant the sums invested in the public funds from the Saving Banks. He was happy to mention that these wise and salutary institu The House having resolved itself into a Committee on the Bill for appropriating a portion of the Sinking Fund to the service of the year, the Chancellor of the Exchequer remarked, that the period of fluctions were so encouraged, after a general tuation in the public funds would now be at an end, by the settlement of our currency, and the sufficiency of our resources to answer all public purposes, without resorting to borrowing. It might be supposed that the present measure would have an unfavourable effect upon the funds, by diminishing the purchases of the Commissioners. This, however, he hoped might not be the case. When we had no more need for loans, and when we were found to possess a really-effective Sinking Fund to the amount contemplated, he was convinced that there would be a gradual improvement in public credit, and that the funds would make a progressive advancement, without being liable to fluctuation. In the course of the ensuing year there would only be four or five millions to be provided for. He hoped that the sum might be so reduced as to be provided for in other ways than by loan, and so to prevent any new burthen on the money-market. Thus the present measure of taking so much from the Sinking Fund, would have no bad effect upon the funds. The state of the supply and the demand governed the market. Now, as there would be no new supply of stock, the demand might be supposed to be increased. On the 5th of January, 1818, the price of the 3 per cent. stocks had risen above 80; it had even at some time gone higher than that: the amount of the 3 per cent. Consolidated fund was then 372,000,000, of capital stock. admission of their utility, that twenty thousand pounds a-week were invested in the public securities, The amount of stock already purchased was so high as 3,000,000l., and was progressively increasing. As these savings were to be paid into the public stocks without coming again into the market, they acted as a real sinking fund, and produced as great an effect as the purchases of the Commissioners to the same amount (hear.) Mr. Ricardo observed, that the Right Hon. Gentleman had, in mentioning the reduction of the 3 per cent. Consolidated funds, forgotten to mention that a new stock of 3 per cent. had been created. The whole of this stock he had entirely kept out of view. He was glad to hear of the improving prosperity of the Savings' Banks. There was one disadvantage that resulted from the improvement of the public funds-that as the capital rose, the interest fell; and persons would thus be induced to sell out when they were high, in order to re-invest their money, in them when they were low: thus they might sell out at 70 or 80, and when war occurred buy in again at 60 or 70, creating a loss of 20 per cent. to the nation. The Chancellor of the Exchequer said, he was glad to be reminded by the Hon. Gentleman of the 34 per cents. as he had forgotten to mention the important fact, that of the twenty-seven millions of that stock created, seven millions had been reduced, |
