"I regret," says Dr. Carey, "that I have not been able to give it as correct as I could wish. The text, in many places, appears to be corrupt; and I had no opportunity of amending it: for, although I had the use of four printed editions, they seem to have all emanated from one and the same source, with no other difference than some trifling typographic variations. I would, indeed, willingly have collated the text with that of one or more antient manuscripts, if I had known of the existence of any, to which I could have had easy access. But, not enjoying the desired facility, I have contented myself with copying the printed text as I found it, without attempting to act the critic or emendator; except, that, in some three or four instances, I have (without altering the text) inserted, in Italics, and between crotchets, what I supposed to have been the original words of the author." 40. The Fudger fudged; or, The Devil and T***y M***e. M.DCCC.LXXXVIII. By the Editor of The New Whig Guide. sm. 8vo, pp. 62. Wright. A SATIRICAL Poem, with illus. trative Notes, on a modern Bard not more remarkable for his talents than occasionally for his gross misapplication of them. "A ballad-singer, who had long The satire is directed against some late political effusions, teeming with low vulgarity and virulent party abuse, which not all the wit they display can excuse or palliate. Some of the more offensive parts, viz. the Bard's excessive admiration of Buonaparte, his somewhat equivocal patriotism, his disgusting abuse of the Prince Regent and of Louis XVIII. and his inclination to revolutionary principles are exposed with due severity. The satirist is now and then a little scurrilous; but with a subject exhibiting such an example of scurrility, restraint on that head was rather to be wished than expected. "Reptile! lie there: thy wretched trash 41. Zoophilos; or, Considerations on the THIS Pamphlet does much honour to the amiable Author. "Our nature," says Mr. Crowe, "is exalted, and approaches the divine perfection (with reverence let me so speak), benevolence, than it can by any other more, perhaps, by the exercise of sincere means; and as that attribute of the Deity is extended to all the animal creation, so doubtless should also ours be universal, after the great example, according to our means and opportunities of diffusing it." P. 3. This position is indisputable; but we much doubt whether any efforts can be successful, while extraordinary profit attends the keep of the working animals, and the lower orders are uncivilized for want of education. The folly of such cruelty is apparent. We know a person who possessed a valuable team of cart-horses, worth 2501. These horses were not suffered to be immoderately worked under any circumstances; and the consequence was, that the team never required renovation, but from the natural course of mortality. The saving was considerable; as may be proved by a contemporary incident. A man bought a horse worth 30%.; but, after the purchase, did not find the want of it, which he expected, at least not at that time. A neighbour borrowed it for three months, under fine promises, and exoneration of the owner from the keep. At the end of the three months, the horse was reduced in value to three pounds. We enlarge more upon this part of the useful animals, because they are the worst sufferers of all the brute creation. A worm, upon the hook of an angler, is only one amongst millions; but the suffering of horses, except in very rare instances, is universal. Still the ill usage of this noble animal is punished by Providence, in the loss of capital, by premature infirmity or death. This offence chiefly ensues among the poor, who finding large gains, either do not consider the consequences of excessive labour and insufficient support, or purchase decayed animals at a low price, whose existence existence is, in consequence, too short even to repay the purchase money. Improvidence is a general failing, where impulse is strong; and it commonly is so where labour and privation exaggerate the sweets of pleasure and profit. We once heard an old farmer give the following account of a hack horse: A gentleman, mounted on one, complained that no efforts could induce the poor animal to accelerate his pace. "Sir," he replied, "these horses become dull in their own defence. If they were brisk, they would be rode off their legs in a few days." We would recommend the Clergy to form Sermons upon the basis of this excellent Pamphlet; and masters of families to see into the conduct of their servants towards the animals under their care. 42. A Letter to the Farmers and Graziers of Great Britain, to explain the Advantages of using Salt in the various Branches of Agriculture, and in feeding all kinds of farming Stock. By Sam. Parkes, F.L.S. M.R.I. F.S.A. E. &c. &c. &c. 8vo. pp. 88. Second Edit. MR. PARKES is too well known for us to say more, than to observe, that whatever he says, must merit the most serious attention. The uses of Salt (agriculturally) are, I. The Cure of sour Grass (p. 7). II. Preventing the Smut in Corn [by steeping the seed in brine], and scab in potatoes [by dressing the land] (p. 8). III. Promoting digestion in horses and cattle, and thus occasioning them to make a rapid progress in fattening (p. 9). IV. As a general Manure, concerning which we shall quote our Author's own statement: "The greatest obstacle to the cultivation of these lands [the wastes of England and Wales], is the want of manure; there being at present a great insufficiency for the lands which are already enclosed. Let the use of rock-salt, however, become general in agriculture, and this deficiency will in a great measure be supplied. Every opulent farmer will then have the means within his reach of putting the whole of his farm into the most desirable state of improvement." pp. 18, 19. This elaborate Pamphlet contains perhaps, the best history of Salt ever written, so far as concerns its application to agriculture. 43. A New Edition of the Enthusiasm of Methodists and Papists considered. By Bishop Lavington. In One Volume, 8vo. With Notes, and an Introduction, by the Rev. R. Polwhele. THIS is a reprint from the scarce edition now selling for a very high price. The Author's principal design is to draw a comparison, by way of caution to all Protestants, between the wild and pernicious enthusiasm of some of the most eminent saints in the Popish communion, and those of the Methodists in our country; which latter he calls a set of pretended reformers, animated by an enthusiastic and fanatical spirit. [See our vol. XVIII. p. 384; vol. XXI. p. 383; vol. XXII. p. 194.] 44. The Character of the late very Reverend Robert Boucher Nickolls, LL.B. Dean of Middleham, &c. &c. Extracted from the Gentleman's Magazine for March 1816. (With some Additions.) Second Edition. 8vo. pp. 24. Nichols and Son. LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. Diocese of St. David's. - - The Church Union Society's prizes for this year are adjudged as follow:-The premium (by benefaction) of 50%. to the Rev. Harvey Marriott, of Claverton, for the best Essay "on the Madras System of Education, its powers, its application to Classical Schools, and its utility as an instrument to form the principles and habits of youth in the higher order of society." A gratuity of 10l. to Mr. T. Hogg, master of the grammar-school in Truro, for the second best essay on the same subject. A premium of 251. to Rev. J. Morres, of NetherBroughton, Leicestershire, for the best essay "on the Scriptural Evidence of the Doctrine of proportionate Rewards in the next Life, considered as a motive to duty, an impulse to zealous and faithful service, a ground of hope, a source of pious gratitude and of humility, and, through the promises of the Gospel, an earnest final acceptableness with God for Christ's sake." Edinburgh University.-Professor Leslie is appointed to the chair of Philosophy vice Playfair; Mr. Wallace and Dr. Haldane were candidates for the Professorship of Mathematics, vice Leslie; the former of whom was elected by the Magistrates and Council, by a majority of eight. Nearly ready for Publication: A System of Theology, in a Series of Sermons, by the late TIMOTHY DWIGHT, D.D. LL.D. President of Yale College in Connecticut, America; with a Life and Portrait of the Author. In five large volumes, 8vo. The Providence of God in the latter Ages, being a new Interpretation of the Apocalypse, by the Rev. GEORGE CROLY, A. M. Musa Biblica; or, The Poetry of the Bible. A selection of the most elegant poetical translations, paraphrases, and imitations, of the sacred Scriptures. National Mercies demand National Thankfulness, a Sermon, preached in the parish church of Chatten's, Cambridge. shire, on Sunday, Sept. 12, 1819. By the Rev. JOHN HATCHARD, A. B. Curate of Chatten's. The King a Blessing, an Honour, and the Glory of the British Empire, a Sermon, preached at Manchester, August 29, 1819. By the Rev. R. BRADLEY. A Volume of Sermons, by W. GILPIN; the profits of which will be devoted to the benefit of his parochial Schools. The Spirit of Pascal, comprising the Substance of his Moral and Religious Works. The first Part of Mr. TAYLOR'S Historical Account of the University of Dublin (to consist of 12 parts), on an uniform plan with Mr. Ackerman's Histories of the Oxford and Cambridge Universities. It is illustrated with three richly-coloured Engravings, and 24 pages of descriptive Letter-press. A Part will be published every two months, till the whole is completed. The Work is intended to contain about 30 coloured views, &c. and 300 pages of letter-press. Early Blossoms, or Biographical Notices of Individuals distinguished by their genius and attainments, who died in their youth; with Specimens of their respective talents. By J. STYLES, D.D. 12mo. A Complete Practical Parsing Grammar, for the use of Families, private Teachers, &c. By T. WHITWORTH, Professor of the Greek, Latin, and English Classics. Lessons in Grammar, designed more especially for the use of Sunday Schools. By J. COBBIN, M. A. A certain Remedy for existing Distresses, or the Labouring Man's Advocate. By J. OVERTON. A Medical Dictionary, by J. WATT, Surgeon. The Accoucheur's Vade Mecum, by J. HOPKINS, M. D. Preparing for Publication : The Wars of Wellington, with 30 Engravings by Heath. Two Months' Residence in the Mountains near Rome, with some Account of the Peasantry; and also of the Banditti that infest that neighbourhood. By Mrs. GRAHAM, author of "A Journal of a Residence in India," &c. Also, A Life of Nicholas Poussin, by the same Lady. A humourous and satirical work, entitled "Lessons of Thrift," illustrated with engravings, from designs by Cruickshank. The Art of Instructing the Infant Deaf and Dumb, by Mr. J. P. ARROWSMITH; illustrated with copper-plates. Dr. BURROWS's Work on Insanity. La BEAUME's Observations on the Properties of the Air-Pump and Vapour-Bath, pointing out their efficacy in the Cure of Gout, Rheumatism, Palsy, &c.; with cursory Remarks on Factitious Airs, and on the improved state of Medical Electricity, in all its branches, particularly in that of Galvinism. The History, Theory, and Practical Care of Syphilis. By JESSE FOOT, Esq. The Sportsman's Mirror, reflecting the History and Delineatious of the Horse and Dog, throughout all their varieties. The Engravings Engravings by Mr. Scott, from original paintings by Marshall, Reinagle, Gilpin, and Stubbs. Miscellanies in Prose and Verse, consisting of Essays, Tales, and Poems, moral and entertaining. By T. JONES. Thekla, a Fragment of a Georgian Tale. SCIENCE AND LITERATURE AMONG THE The Arabians, prior to the time of Mahomet, were not entirely without Literature; that is, those who inhabited Arabia Petrea and Mesopotamia. We possess no data in regard to the state of Arabia Felix; we only know, that the Hemyarites, who inhabited the Southern part of Arabia, had a knowledge of writing, which disappeared about the time of Mahomet, and which is now unknown to us. With respect to the Arabs of the middle and Northern parts of the Peninsula, it is well known that writing existed among them for more than a century prior to Maho met. The Sciences, properly so called, appeared in Arabia only after the time of Mahomet, in consequence of the conquests of the Musselmen, and their intercourse with the Persians, Syrians, and Greeks. Their poetry was all their own, but all the Sciences, even their knowledge of Theology and Jurisprudence, were only derived from mixing with the conquered nations. It was, perhaps, by means of the cultivation of Medicine that the philosophy of the Greeks and a knowledge of the Sciences were as it were insinuated among the Arabians. Astrology also was naturally the forerunner of Astronomy, and hence followed the knowledge of the mathematical sciences. From the end of the second century of the Hegira (about A. D. 820), all the Sciences flourished at the Court and under the protection of the Caliphs; and the Grecian Philosophy, blended with the Theology of the Magi, and perhaps with the subtleties of the Jews, divided the Mussulmen into a variety of sects, and armed, thanks to the political divisions, the followers of Mahomet against each other. Hence it follows, that if the introduction of knowledge aided the civilization of the Arabians, it also gave rise to those vices and evils from which they were previously free. The Sciences penetrated in every part where Mahometism extended, and were cultivated in all those States which were formed successively in that vast Monarchy, and whose connexions with the Sovereigns of Bagdad were only those of respect and deference. They were preserved in those countries, which, like Egypt, were entirely separated from the Caliph of Bagdad; and even up to the 12th and 13th centuries of our æra, the Musselmen had not ceased to cultivate almost every branch of scientific knowledge. The invasion of the Moguls, the establishment of the dynasties of the Turks and Kurds, the political revolutions of Africa, the decreasing power of the Moors in Spain, all successively conduced to the fall of the Sciences and of Literature in the various countries subject to the Mussulman Government. The practice of Anatomy always met with the greatest obstacles among the Arabians, from their religious prejudices, which also hindered their progress in Natural History and in Medicine. The latter science, with them, always consisted of some arbitrary system, and never formed the result of observations. The acuteness of their understanding is evident from their works of Logic, Dialectics, and Rhetoric; from their Dogmatical and Polemical Theology, and from their Treatises on Civil Law and Religious Rites. Their innumerable Commentaries upon the Koran are alone sufficient to prove to what extent they have carried the spirit of analysis; and, if they now at all cultivate their minds, it is owing to the neces sity they are under of studying and understanding these Commentaries, since the Koran is the only source from whence they derive their law or their morality; and also to that taste for Poetry which requires the study of Grammar in all its niceties. ANTIQUARIAN AND PHILOSOPHICAL RESEARCHES. Among the many relics of antiquity with which Scotland abounds, one has lately been discovered at Newholm, in the parish of Dolphinton, Lanarkshire. At the head of the avenue which leads to the house, upon a cut being made through a little eminence, there was observed a regular row of stones; and, on removing the earth, there appeared a most entire and well-formed stone coffin. Contrary to the general mode of construction, it was narrow, and made in exact conformity to the shape of the body. The stones were closely and regularly set around. The upper edge was as smoothly level as if it had been hewn. The bottom was laid with stones, and they who had paid the last tribute to the mortal remains bad kindly placed a stone for a pillow. Notwithstanding the lapse of ages since the body must have been deposited in its dreary abode, the bones were found very entire, entire. The skull was almost whole, and to the eye seemed uncommonly large 'between the occiput and sinciput. Most of the teeth were sound. The arms, bones, back, thighs, and legs, were all recognized. The inside of the coffin was fully six feet long, and it appeared as if the body had been pressed into it.-These sad relics were examined with reverence, and again deposited in the place which they had occupied for so many centuries. There is now in the possession of Mr. Glenny, of Glenvale, county of Limerick, an antient medal, found on his land, on which St. Patrick is represented as in the act of expelling noxious animals from Ireland. On the reverse, King Brian Boroimhe is represented playing on the antient Irish harp, with his crown and sceptre placed before him. CRYSTAL MINE IN FRANCE. Some time ago, it was announced that a crystal mine had been discovered in France, near Vie, in Lorraine. The examination, in consequence of some unexpected indications, which led to the discovery of this Mine (the only one of the kind ever known in France), has been made by a Company, with a licence for the purpose, obtained from the General Director of Mines. Never was experiment attended with more fortunate circumstances. The soil of this mine is as white as alabaster; its crystals are purer and more brilliant than the specimens which have been procured from the mines of Poland and Austria. Its quality is perfect; and every thing indicates that its mass is enormous. The Director-General of Mines having been informed, by the authors of this search, that the borer had already penetrated ten feet into the pure crystal, has given orders to the Engineer of the Department of the Meurthe to repair to the spot, to draw up an authentic account of this important discovery, and of such facts as may relate to it. ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND BELLES LETTRES OF Brussels. The Academy have proposed for competition during the year 1820, the five following questions in the department of Science : First Question-Suppose a plate of a given figure attached to a surface either by means of screws of a known number, position, and force, or by means of some intermediate matter capable of uniting the one to the other solidly, and the specific tenacity of which is also known; if to a point of the circumference of this plate an arm be affixed which acts in the same plane with the surface, it is required to know what resistance this plate will be capable of making against a force applied to this arm as a lever, considering the material, as well of the plate as of the arm and surface, as a perfect mathematical abstraction; that is to say, as perfectly rigid or non-elastic, as infrangible or incapable of breaking, &c.? Second Question.-A body being suspended from the extremity of a cord, the other extremity of which is fixed to the roof of a room; if this body is made to describe an arc of a certain circle round the fixed extremity; and if, besides a movement of projection is given to it,— it is required to know the nature of the curve, or rather double curvature, which this body will describe, according to the hypothesis As is the resistance of the air, so the square of velocity? Third Question.-If there is an identity between the forces which produce the electrical phænomena, and those which produce the galvanic phænomena, whence is it that we do not find a perfect accordance between the former and the latter? Fourth Question. Many modern authors believe in the identity of the chemical and galvanic forces ;-it is required to prove the truth or falsity of this opinion? Fifth Question.-What is the true chemical composition of sulphurets, as well oxidized as hydrogenized, made according to the different processes; and what are their uses in the Arts ? The answer must be supported as far as possible with new facts, and experiments easy of repetition. DISCOVERY OF THE CAUSE OF GRAVITATION. Mr. John Herapath of Bristol has lately completed the solution of the celebrated Problem respecting the cause of Gravitation, in which he has been engaged at different times for several years. His researches for the solution of this Problem (which was some years ago the object of ardent inquiry by the Royal Society and the coutinental mathematicians) show that gravitation is only a particular case of a general principle, which comprehends all the great phænomena of Na ture. It is remarkable that this deduction exactly coincides with the opinion of some of the greatest philosophers of modern times; and, in particular, with that of the late Professor Playfair, in his "Outlines of Natural Philosophy." In the ge-. neral theorem which Mr. H. has brought out to express the law of gravitation, it is found that the intensity of the attractive force between two ultimate atoms, varies inversely as the square of the distance affected by a term, which has no influence unless when the atoms are very nearly in contact. This theorem, therefore, not only includes the general law of gravitation, but likewise those of cohesion, affinity, &c. from the application of which to chemical philosophy we may rea. sonably expect some important discoveries. ARTS |