HISTORY OF CIVILISATION IN SCOTLAND.

THE HISTORY

OF

CIVILISATION IN SCOTLAND.

BY

JOHN MACKINTOSH.

VOL. I.

WILLIAM P. NIMMO,

LONDON AND EDINBURGH.

ABERDEEN: A. BROWN & CO.

1878.

[All rights reserved.]

BIBLIOTHECA

REGIA

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.-INTRODUCTION.

SECTION I.

THE SCOPE OF THE WORK.

Historical Theories. Whether the intellectual or the moral elements

of mind contribute most to the progress of Civilisation.......

Elements of Civilisation.

Comparative degrees of Civilisation.

Proximate cause of Civilisation. The Energy of Man.

External influences in early stages the Senses more active

than the Reason.......

PAGE

18-24

24-28

SECTION II.

GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE COUNTRY.

Position of Scotland and its Islands. Aspect of the Country.

The Mountains. Watershed.-Rivers, Glens, and Valleys. Soil of

the Country poor, but rich in the raw Materials of Industry.

Flora and Fauna of the Country. Probable aspect of the

Land when man arrived.....

The Influence of Climate, Soil, and Food on Society. How far the

Mind is affected by the Natural Features of a Country.......

SECTION III.

PREHISTORIC AGES.

Insufficient evidence of different races inhabiting Britain in

Prehistoric Times........

Early Dwellings-Caves, circular huts, and underground structures

Weapons and Implements. The Theory of Stone, Bronze, and Iron

Ages. Stone weapons, bone and horn tools and objects.......

Transitional stage. The principle of Historic Interpretation.

Assumption that a knowledge of Metals originated in the

East. Bronze Weapons and Implements. Gold and Bronze

Ornaments. Early Pottery......

128-32

32-40

40-44

44-49

49-55

55-61

61-70

Boat-building-Boats of the Early Inhabitants.

Forts. Vitrified Forts. The Brochs.

Strongholds. Hill

Crannoges. The

Catrial.....

70-79