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No. 726.

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1830.

REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS.

The History of the First Revolution in France; comprising the Period from 1787 to 1802. By John Bell, Esq. 8vo. pp. 418. London, 1830. Westley.

PRICE 8d.

that good, from its weakness, is made to advance, not thwart, the designs of the factious.

We have been led to make these remarks from the perusal of Mr. Bell's book. It is written without having for its object the advocacy of any particular principles, but holds up the magic glass alike to the despot and the de magogue. The style is powerful and concise ; and the clearness with which the workings of the political parties is developed, has probably never been surpassed. We quote the annexed passage, containing the closing career of Mirabeau:

door being unbarred for the banishment of evils, lest anarchy rush in; and sooner than unrelieved. yield to threats, misery is suffered to linger on Surely they are little fitted to stem the rush of revolutionary principles, whose monarchial enthusiasm blinds them to its abuses; who, because these are ingrained and inveterate, NAPOLEON was wont to aphorise, that a revo- cling to them with the more obstinate tenacity lution in France was a revolution throughout as sacred and inviolate. They who shrink from Europe. This gasconade, though unwarranted the excision of the morbid parts, risk the corrupwhen uttered, and from which succeeding events tion of the whole, and endanger and weaken the withheld their sanction, was nevertheless well system they would cherish in vigour and secucalculated to gratify Gallic vanity, and the indi- rity. It is unknown, or rather it is too well genous taste for grandiloquence. It will be known, how the influence of a plain-writing or "These preparations of the assembly only considered to carry with it no deeper meaning, plain-speaking autocrat sways the discontented stimulated the king's desire to escape; and than, that the local success of any principles, and ignorant multitude. By the retention of Mirabeau's genius was taxed to devise the whether of good or of evil, naturally kindles the abuses, though they may be of but partial im-means. Fresh riots, too, alarmed the court. hopes of all who cherish kindred feelings, and, portance, a government renders its supporters The prison of Vincennes was attacked by the it may be, engenders them sometimes in others, less powerful, and places such levers in the populace (Feb. 28), as the Bastile had been. by whom, but for their alien ascendency, such hands of its opponents, as, in critical times, La Fayette succeeded, however, in quelling the would never have been naturalised or fostered. they will not fail to employ for its total subver- tumult. The servants and retainers of the That France has not unfrequently taken the sion. The lower orders, for the most part con- king, meanwhile, fearing an attack upon the lead in Europe, or that some unsettled districts fined in their comprehension, and obtuse in Tuileries, armed themselves to defend the royal have seized the chance of treading in her steps, their perception, cannot be expected to discern person. It was suspected, however, that they none can deny; but that surrounding nations or detect the fallacious inductions of their pot-designed to carry off the king; and a party of ever do implicit homage to her republican dog-house politicians. They can, however, under- the national guard was employed to disarm mata, was an assumption arising neither from stand a plain fact; their oracle, aware of this, them. The belief that the king meditated foresight nor conviction, and worthy rather of lays hold of some particular abuse in the go-flight quickened the deliberations of the asBombastes than of Buonaparte. If it were true, vernment, and, together with the fact, his sembly; and on the very day of the riots, the that France, by her example, revolutionises hearers swallow his inference, the tyrannical emigration law was brought forward for disEurope, why, to confirm our view, did not corruption of the whole. He may make the cussion. The subject was felt to be surrounded England follow in her wake? there was neither statement, "that no man should receive the with difficulties. 'Has the assembly a right wanting the physical force of a discontented public money for doing nothing;" and who to fix any man to his native soil?' was asked rabble, nor the voice of sedition to halloo them shall gainsay him? His inference will go fur- in many quarters; and the answer was, 'Yes, on; nor can we forget, that it did not fail to cry ther: he will state indiscriminately that there if the safety of the country require it.' Still, aloud and spare not. The cause was simply, ought to be no sinecures. As rewards for past however, it was admitted to be necessary to that in England the same despotism was not to and positive services, they are neither open to at-distinguish between the motives of travellers be found, nor the same abuses, which in France tack, nor do they need any defence; where they between Frenchmen and strangers-between had burst its bonds. It did not escape the con- are not, to offer any, requires a hireling. Seldom emigrants from political causes and commercial viction of reason, that from among the long is it that the operative reads, or hears read, a travellers; and how to do so, without estacatalogue of grievances which clogged the French few lectures upon the rights of man, without blishing inquisitorial powers of the most hatepeople, the only faint parallel that could be going home fully impressed with his own ful kind, was a problem which no one could traced then, as now, lay in our remnant of the wrongs. It is by no means a difficult task, and profess to solve. Chapelier, however, the pregame laws, and the plurality of our benefices. therefore common enough for a free speaker, sident of the committee which had been apIn retracing the events of the French revolution, urged by the motive of interest or discontent, to pointed to prepare a law suited to the emerthe loyal subject has to lament the folly and acquire a powerful ascendency over the rabble, gency, intimated to the assembly that he was perversity of the monarch, who, though consci- provided his impudence be never known to for- prepared to submit one to their notice, deous of debilitated power, still doted on the sake him, or his effrontery to be abashed; since claring, at the same time, that the law to shadow of his tyranny; and the lover of liberty he cannot be charged with hypocrisy, he will which he alluded violated all their principles. finds not the less reason to shrink back from gain the reputation of candour. By attributing Shall I read it? Yes,' No,' were shouted the frenzy of its advocates, and shudder at the causes of their distress to the objects of their from the different sides, till Mirabeau demanded the ruin of anarchy. It is the Immoderates, prejudice, he cannot fail of popularity with his to be heard. He defended the right of emithe causes and the odia of the causes they hearers. Having once gained this hold, our gration, as one of the inalienable privileges of would advance, who, while right reason gives patriotic mis-leaders of the mob stand forth in man. 'What though that right was abused warning of the necessity, set aside the justice matchless notoriety as the advocates of anarchy, at the moment; its abuse could never injure of relieving distress and absterging abuse, would and the advertisers of their own blacking. Ig- the assembly. Contempt was the only feeling deafen the ear of the rulers to the voice that norance is ever the dupe of misrepresentation; which it became the assembly to indulge in will not pass by unheard or unheeded. It is yet we trust the further dissemination of know- towards those who might choose to leave their the Immoderates of the other party who would ledge among the lower orders, will, ere long, native country in its hour of danger.' These drown the cry of distress, and the just demand sweep these strong delusions from their minds, observations had some weight; but Chapelier for the removal of abuses, in the uproar of riot that they may no longer believe in lies. At pre- was finally called on to read the law which the and the bloodshed of rebellion. Thus, the one sent, the diffusion of knowledge among the opera- committee had devised. It was simple in the by withholding what ought to be granted, the tive classes is scarcely more than nominal; nor extreme. It merely proposed the creation of a other by clamouring for too much, with menace can we undertake to deny, that a little learning committee of three dictators, to whom should and violence, foils his own cause, and strengthens is dangerous, while it increases the means of be intrusted the power of pointing out by that to which he is opposed. To the one, des-imbibing fallacies, yet has not advanced suffici- name, and at their pleasure, those who might potism owes its birth, and monarchy its down-ently to create the power of detecting their be permitted to leave the kingdom. The asfal; while the agency of the other prevents the subtilty, and distinguishing truth, It is thus sembly felt the irony of such an enactment,

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and clamoured loudly against its adoption. | nave, his enemy, who came in the name of the and as their cases have been legally brought Your murmurs console me,' exclaimed Mira- Jacobins, caused him a pleasing emotion. He before our high tribunal for judgment, we beg beau; 6 your hearts sympathise with mine, gave some thoughts to public affairs. The leave to recapitulate the evidence, and proand reject this absurd tyranny. As for myself, assembly was about to be engaged on the nounce sentence. I should consider myself freed from every oath questions of testaments: he therefore called Hood v. Hurst and Co." I do not intend towards those who should be infamous enough for Talleyrand, and gave him a discourse which (said the plaintiff-if such a name could fit s to admit of a dictatorial commission.' Here he he had written on the subject. It will be merry a wight, and one who, though his own was interrupted by the republicans. Yes,' pleasant,' said he, 'to hear a man speak against counsel, had by no means a fool for his client) repeated he, I swear The interruption testaments, who ought to be making his own, I do not intend (said he), like some votaries was renewed. This popularity,' he at last suc- and who is no more.' The court, indeed, of freedom, to cast mud on the muddy, or dirt ceeded in saying, 'which has been the object wished him to make one, and promised to take on the dirty; but, while I am on the hustings, of my ambition, and which I have enjoyed as upon itself the payment of his legacies. In I will ask the committee of that uncandid can. others, is not a frail reed: I will plant it deep in allusion to the supposed projects of England, didate, the New Comic,' whether it was quite the earth, and make it bud in the soil of justice he observed,- Pitt will gain more than any honest to canvass against me under my owa and reason. I swear to you that, if the law of other man by my death. That Pitt is the mi- colours, and to pass off the enemy's poll-book emigration is passed-I swear to you that Inister of preparatives; he governs by menaces: as mine? The Code of Honour should be s will disobey it!' Applauses followed this burst; I would have given him some trouble if I had kind of Coade's cement between man and ma but the discussion was continued. Some de- lived. My friend,' said he to Cabanis, Ibut, to speak technically, some seem bound manded an adjournment: Mirabeau again re-shall die to-day: envelope me in perfumes, by it, and some unbound. Mr. Hurst gave me quested to be heard. By what title does crown me with flowers, and surround me with his word, and shook hands thereon, that the Monsieur Mirabeau play the dictator ?' asked music, so that I may deliver myself peaceably delusive title should be altered and yet that one of the deputies; but the question was dis- up to sleep.' When his sufferings became in- bad title to a good name, the New Comic," is regarded, and Mirabeau was listened to. Itense, he demanded opium. It was refused: still retained. Surely he feels both the brand entreat those who interrupt me to remember, he insisted on it with his usual violence. A and the blush in what Byron calls that red that I have all my life opposed tyranny, and cup, which his attendants persuaded him con- right hand.' Were there no other and fitter that I shall oppose it wherever it appears.'-tained opium, was handed to him: he drank it, labels extant than such close parodies of mine? [He looked to the left side, from which fresh and died immediately (April 20, 1791). The For example, the Laughing Hyena,' or ' the murmurs arose.] Silence, you thirty voices!' proceedings of the assembly were immediately Merry Unwise,' or the Main Chance?' The said he, still addressing himself to the Jacobins. suspended, a general mourning ordered, and a Old Brown Bear in Piccadilly is bearish, përIf it be desired, I also will vote for the magnificent funeral prepared. We will all haps but he is original. The coupling, is adjournment, providing it be decreed, that attend,' exclaimed the whole assembly. In the advertisement, the New Comic' with a volume from this time to its conclusion no sedition church of Saint Geneviève a monument was really mine, is a trick that smacks of the neigh shall take place.' Shouts of applause followed erected to his memory, with the inscription, bourhood. There is as little difference as d this declaration; the adjournment was unani- A grateful country to great men.' It was tance between the plying of 65, St. Paul's mously agreed to; but it was Mirabeau's fate situated next to that of Descartes. His funeral Churchyard, and the plying of the Fulhams never to appear in the assembly again. His took place the day after his death. All the and Brentfords close at hand." end was approaching, and these were his last authorities, the departments, the municipalities, In this case our decision is for the plaintif triumphs. Presentiments of death had for the popular societies, the assembly, and the on all the counts; and we trust he will find ha some time mingled with his vast projects, and army, accompanied the procession; and this account in it; for, in the long run, honesty is sometimes arrested their course. Yet he was orator obtained more honours than ever had the best policy. We have always denounced satisfied with his career; he had gained and been conferred on the pompous funerals which the paltry trick of imitating the titles or exter kept the public esteem; and if he had not done proceeded to Saint Denis. Thus terminated nal appearance of popular works, which only enough for the safety of the state, he had, at the career of this extraordinary man, who has affords appearance of the want alike of prin least, for his own glory. His last moments been greatly praised and greatly blamed, who ciple and talent. Marching under false colors. were divided between philosophy and gaiety. effected much good and much evil, and whose or uttering base and counterfeit coin, may inHis pale countenance and deep-sunk eyes spoke genius was equally adapted to both. Having pose on the unwary for a while, but they neve plainly of the ravages of disease, and his ap. vanquished the aristocracy, he turned upon succeed in the end. The mode of advertising pearance in the tribune, where he was fre- hose who contributed to his victory, arrested the new and rival work we consider to be still quently seized with sudden faintness, caused a their course by his eloquence, and commanded more indefensible: its obvious object was general alarm. The excesses of pleasure and their admiration, even while he provoked their mislead purchasers; and we know that it i business, and the violent emotions he expe- hostility."" lead several into error, of which they reper rienced in the assembly, broke down his strong Were we disposed to indulge in retrospective when undeceived, too late to recover thes constitution. The baths, also, he was accus- reverie, a fruitful subject would offer itself, money. Such things disgrace the literary tomed to use contained a solution of sublimate, from the speculation of what might have been world; and, however comic they may seem t and had given a greenish hue to his complexion, the progress and event of the French Revolution their doers, will never be treated as jokes which was attributed to poison. The court was had the life of Mirabeau been prolonged. He the public. terrified, and all parties astonished; and, long was the only man capable of stifling the fury of Hood v. Sheridan.-In this case you ha before his death, the cause of his dangerous the Jacobins; and had such a faction never heard the same counsel-" Fain would I dra illness was eagerly inquired into. The last risen into ascendency, France might have here the steel pen for a softer quill, to speak a time he spoke, he addressed the assembly in exulted in triumphant liberty, without shud- an editress who distinguishing fair from unfive different speeches, and he left it exhausted. dering at the excesses by which it was deformed. fair-has acted the perfect brunette towa He then took to his bed, and never left it but We shall probably revert to Mr. Bell's work me, and has brought a heavy charge agast to go to the Pantheon. He begged Cabanis, in a subsequent number. me for work done.' In the announcemen; a his attendant, not to call in physicians; but in 'the Comic Offering'-a little book chiefly rethis he was disobeyed, and, on their arrival, The Comic Annual. By Thomas Hood, Esq.markable for a coat of damson cheese, seela they found death fast approaching. His head 12mo. pp. 176. London, 1831. C. Tilt. equally fit, like Sheridan's poor Peruvians, da was the last part of his body attacked, as if WE have the true Amphitryon of wit and puncovering and devouring,it is insinuates nature permitted his genius to shine on to the at last-the genuine Momus for our Christmas that I am an author unfit for female perusa last moment. An immense crowd, observing laugh; and so appropriately near the time, I, who have never that respect infringed, wh the most profound silence, thronged round his that his volume really resembles an Annual. with me, dwells like fringe upon a petticas house. The court sent messenger after mes- Most of the others, from their irregular period Miss Sheridan and modesty compel me to es senger to ascertain his condition; bulletins of of appearance, were so out of season, that read- clare, that many ladies have deigned to reques his health were transmitted from mouth to ing them was like eating mince-pies and plum- for their albums, some little proof of the gmouth, and spread grief among the people, at pudding at Midsummer. But the propriety of satility' or prosatility of my pen:-yet, every new turn of his disorder. He himself, the delay seems to have encouraged strange says the announcement, or rather denoun surrounded by his friends, expressed regret at poaching upon the manor of Hood-cum-overthe interruption of his projects, but seemed grin, in the county of Wi()ts; and our auproud of his past career. Support,' said he, the ablest head in France.' The anxiety of the people affected him; and the visit of Bar.

thor, in his preface, shews how competent he is
to be his own game-keeper on his own estate.
He has peppered the intruders very prettily;

The only exception we ever saw to this golden ruk ↑ in Hood's whimsical frontispiece of a Day at the Des Dyke;" in which old Cloven-foot, in the shape of a 'ceive honest perseverance must only make matters w kin, is leading the hunt such a run, that it is easy to