To Old Mortality the preliminary paper is still more attractive. was bred a brush-maker at Edinburgh, and | musical voice repeat the celebrated description | When pressed about her brother's peculiarities, had wandered to several places, working at of Paradise, which he seemed fully to appre- she asked, in her turn, why they would not his trade, from all which he was chased by the ciate. His other studies were of a different permit the dead to rest? To others, who disagreeable attention which his hideous sin-cast, chiefly polemical. He never went to the pressed for some account of her parents, she gularity of form and face attracted wherever parish church, and was therefore suspected of answered in the same tone of feeling. he came. The author understood him to say entertaining heterodox opinions, though his David Ritchie, besides the utter obscurity of he had even been in Dublin. Tired at length objection was probably to the concourse of his life while in existence, had been dead for of being the object of shouts, laughter, and spectators, to whom he must have exposed his many years, when it occurred to the author derision, David Ritchie resolved, like a deer unseemly deformity. He spoke of a future that such a character might be made a powhunted from the herd, to retreat to some state with intense feeling, and even with tears. erful agent in fictitious narrative. He acwilderness, where he might have the least pos- He expressed disgust at the idea of his remains cordingly sketched that of Elshie of the sible communication with the world which being mixed with the common rubbish, as he Mucklestane-Moor. The story was intended scoffed at him. He settled himself, with this called it, of the churchyard, and selected with to be longer, and the catastrophe more artiview, upon a patch of wild moorland at the his usual taste a beautiful and wild spot in the ficially brought out; but a friendly critic, to bottom of a bank on the farm of Woodhouse, glen where he had his hermitage, in which to whose opinion I subjected the work in its in the sequestered vale of the small river take his last repose. He changed his mind, progress, was of opinion, that the idea of the Manor, in Peebles-shire. The few people who however, and was finally interred in the Solitary was of a kind too revolting, and more had occasion to pass that way were much sur- common burial-ground of Manor parish. The likely to disgust than to interest the reader. prised, and some superstitious persons a little author has invested Wise Elshie with some As I had good right to consider my adviser as alarmed, to see so strange a figure as Bow'd qualities which made him appear, in the eyes an excellent judge of public opinion, I got off Davie (i. e. Crooked David) employed in a of the vulgar, a man possessed of supernatural my subject by hastening the story to an end, as task for which he seemed so totally unfit as power. Common fame paid David Ritchie a fast as it was possible; and, by huddling into that of erecting a house. The cottage which similar compliment, for some of the poor and one volume a tale which was designed to he built was extremely small; but the walls, ignorant, as well as all the children, in the occupy two, have perhaps produced a narrative as well as those of a little garden that sur- neighbourhood, held him to be what is called as much disproportioned and distorted, as the rounded it, were constructed with an am- uncanny. He himself did not altogether dis- Black Dwarf, who is its subject." bitious degree of solidity, being composed of courage the idea; it enlarged his very limited layers of large stones and turf; and some of circle of power and in so far gratified his the corner-stones were so weighty, as to puzzle conceit; and it soothed his misanthropy, by "The remarkable person, called by the title the spectators how such a person as the increasing his means of giving terror or pain. of Old Mortality, was well known in Scotland architect could possibly have raised them. In But even in a rude Scottish glen thirty years about the end of the last century. His real fact, David received from passengers, or those back, the fear of sorcery was very much out of name was Robert Paterson. He was a native, who came attracted by curiosity, a good deal date. David Ritchie affected to frequent so- it is said, of the parish of Closeburn, in Dumof assistance; and as no one knew how much litary scenes, especially such as were supposed fries-shire, and probably a mason by profesaid had been given by others, the wonder of to be haunted, and valued himself upon his sion at least educated to the use of the chisel. each individual remained undiminished. The courage in doing so. To be sure, he had little Whether family dissensions, or the deep and proprietor of the ground, the late Sir James chance of meeting any thing more ugly than enthusiastic feeling of supposed duty, drove Naesmith, baronet, chanced to pass this sin- himself. At heart he was superstitious, and him to leave his dwelling, and adopt the singular dwelling, which, having been placed planted many rowans (mountain ashes) around gular mode of life in which he wandered, like there without right or leave asked or given, his hut, as a certain defence against necro- a palmer, through Scotland, is not known. It formed an exact parallel with Falstaff's simile mancy. For the same reason, doubtless, he could not be poverty, however, which promptof a fair house built on another's ground;' desired to have rowan - trees set above his ed his journeys, for he never accepted any so that poor David might have lost his edifice grave. We have stated that David Ritchie thing beyond the hospitality which was willby mistaking the property where he had erected loved objects of natural beauty. His only ingly rendered him; and when that was not it. Of course the proprietor entertained no living favourites were a dog and a cat, to proffered, he always had money enough to idea of exacting such a forfeiture, but readily which he was particularly attached, and his provide for his own humble wants. His persanctioned the harmless encroachment. The bees, which he treated with great care. He sonal appearance, and favourite or rather sole personal description of Elshender of Muckle- took a sister, latterly, to live in a hut adjacent occupation, are accurately described in the stane Moor has been generally allowed to be a to his own, but he did not permit her to enter preliminary chapter of the following work. It tolerably exact and unexaggerated portrait of it. She was weak in intellect, but not de- is about thirty years since, or more, that the David of Manor Water. He was not quite formed in person; simple, or rather silly, but author met this singular person in the churchthree feet and a half high, since he could not, like her brother, sullen or bizarre. David yard of Dunnottar, when spending a day or stand upright in the door of his mansion, was never affectionate to her; it was not in two with the late learned and excellent which was just that height." his nature; but he endured her. He main- clergyman, Mr. Walker, the minister of that Sir Walter then quotes a more detailed ac- tained himself and her by the sale of the parish, for the purpose of a close examicount of this uncouth creature, communicated produce of their garden and bee-hives; and, nation of the ruins of the Castle of Dunto the Scots Magazine in 1817 by Mr. Chambers latterly, they had a small allowance from the nottar, and other subjects of antiquarian re(whose Traditions of Edinburgh and other parish. Indeed, in the simple and patriarchal search in that neighbourhood. Old Mortality works we have noticed with much approbation), state in which the country then was, persons chanced to be at the same place, on the usual and adds "Nature maintains a certain balance in the situation of David and his sister were business of his pilgrimage; for the castle of of good and evil in all her works; and there is sure to be supported. In short, Dunnottar, though lying in the anti-covenantno state perhaps so utterly desolate, which David had no occasion for money, save to ing district of the Mearns, was, with the parish does not possess some source of gratification purchase snuff, his only luxury, in which he churchyard, celebrated for the oppressions suspeculiar to itself. This poor man, whose mis- indulged himself liberally. When he died, in tained there by the Cameronians in the time anthropy was founded in a sense of his own the beginning of the present century, he was of James II. It was in 1685, when Argyle preternatural deformity, had yet his own found to have hoarded about twenty pounds,-a was threatening a descent upon Scotland, and particular enjoyments. Driven into solitude, habit very consistent with his disposition; for Monmouth was preparing to invade the west he became an admirer of the beauties of nature. wealth is power, and power was what David of England, that the privy council of Scotland, His garden, which he sedulously cultivated, Ritchie desired to possess, as a compensation with cruel precaution, made a general arrest of and from a piece of wild moorland made a very for his exclusion from human society. His more than a hundred persons in the southern productive spot, was his pride and his delight: sister survived till the publication of the tale to and western provinces, supposed, from their but he was also an admirer of more natural which this brief notice forms the introduction; religious principles, to be inimical to governbeauty; the soft sweep of the green hill, the and the author is sorry to learn, that a sort of ment, together with many women and chilbubbling of a clear fountain, or the com- local sympathy,' and the curiosity then ex-dren. These captives were driven northward plexities of a wild thicket, were scenes on pressed concerning the Author of Waverley like a flock of bullocks, but with less prewhich he often gazed for hours, and, as he and the subjects of his Novels, exposed a poor caution to provide for their wants, and finally said, with inexpressible delight. It was per-woman to inquiries which gave her pain. penned up in a subterranean dungeon in the haps for this reason that he was fond of Shencastle of Dunnottar, having a window opening stone's Pastorals, and some parts of Paradise This is a sample of the loose construction of our to the front of a precipice which overhangs the German ocean. They had suffered not a little great northern light; and his lapses in this way are so Lost. The author has heard his most un-frequent that it would be hypercritical to notice them. I * 樂 The following is an exact copy of the who dyed at Bankhill on the 14th day of February, 1801. To Munting for do. To a Shirt for him.. To a pair of Cotten Stockings To Chise at ditto To a man going to Annan To Linnen for a sheet to him. Taken off him when dead.... 020 046 0 1 0 2 1 10 0 14 4 6 on the journey, and were much hurt both at sufferers; and rejecting all other offers of re- spoons, cogues, and trenchers, formed of wood, the scoffs of the northern prelatists, and the compense, only requested, after he had guided for the use of the country people. It must be mocks, gibes, and contemptuous tunes played Mr. Walker to a safe and dry road, that he noticed, that, notwithstanding the excellence of by the fiddlers and pipers who had come from would let him have a written copy of the the cooper's vessels, they were apt, when new, every quarter as they passed, to triumph over inscription. It was whilst I was listening to to impart a reddish tinge to whatever liquor the revilers of their calling. The repose which this story, and looking at the monument refer- was put into them, a circumstance not uncomthe melancholy dungeon afforded them was red to, that I saw Old Mortality engaged in mon in like cases. The grandchildren of this any thing but undisturbed. The guards made his daily task of cleaning and repairing the dealer in wooden work took it into their head them pay for every indulgence, even that of ornaments and epitaphs upon the tomb. His to ask the sexton what use he could possibly water; and when some of the prisoners re-appearance and equipment were exactly as de- make of the numerous fragments of old coffins sisted a demand so unreasonable, and insisted scribed in the novel. Old Mortality which were thrown up in opening new graves. on their right to have this necessary of life went on his way, and I saw him no more. 'Do you not know,' said Old Mortality, that untaxed, their keepers emptied the water on am also informed, that the old palmer's family, he sells them to your grandfather, who makes the prison-floor, saying, If they were obliged in the third generation, survives, and is highly them into spoons, trenchers, bickers, bowies, to bring water for the canting whigs, they respected both for talents and worth. and so forth?' At this assertion, the youthwere not bound to afford them the use of bowls ful group broke up in great confusion and disor pitchers gratis.' In this prison, which is gust, on reflecting how many meals they had still termed the Whigs' Vault, several died of eaten out of dishes which, by Old Mortality's the diseases incidental to such a situation; and account, were only fit to be used at a banquet others broke their limbs, and incurred fatal of witches or of ghoules. They carried the injury, in desperate attempts to escape from tidings home, when many a dinner was spoiled their stern prison-house. Over the graves of by the loathing which the intelligence impartthese unhappy persons, their friends, after the ed; for the account of the materials was supRevolution, erected a monument, with a suitposed to explain the reddish tinge which, even able inscription. This peculiar shrine of the in the days of the cooper's fame, had seemed whig martyrs is very much honoured by their somewhat suspicious. The ware of Cooper descendants, though residing at a great distance Climent was rejected in horror, much to the from the land of their captivity and death. benefit of his rivals the muggers, who dealt in My friend, the Rev. Mr. Walker, told me, that earthenware. The man of cutty-spoon and being once upon a tour in the south of Scotland, ladle saw his trade interrupted, and learned probably about forty years since, he had the the reason, by his quondam customers coming bad luck to involve himself in the labyrinth of upon him in wrath to return the goods which passages and tracks which cross, in every di- "The above account is authenticated by the were composed of such unhallowed materials, rection, the extensive waste called Lochar Moss, son of the deceased. and demand repayment of their money. In near Dumfries, out of which it is scarcely pos- "For the purpose (says Mr. Train, in a let-this disagreeable predicament, the forlorn artist sible for a stranger to extricate himself; and ter to Sir Walter,) of erecting a small monu- cited Old Mortality into a court of justice, there was no small difficulty in procuring a ment to his memory, I have made every pos- where he proved that the wood he used in his guide, since such people as he saw were en- sible inquiry, wherever I thought there was trade was that of the staves of old wine-pipes gaged in digging their peats a work of pa- the least chance of finding out where Old Mor-bought from smugglers, with whom the counramount necessity, which will hardly brook tality was laid; but I have done so in vain, as try then abounded a circumstance which fully interruption. Mr. Walker could, therefore, his death is not registered in the session-book accounted for their imparting a colour to their only procure unintelligible directions in the of any of the neighbouring parishes. I am contents. Old Mortality himself made the southern brogue, which differs widely from that sorry to think, that, in all probability, this sinof the Mearns. He was beginning to think gular person, who spent so many years of his himself in a serious dilemma, when he stated lengthened existence in striving with his chisel his case to a farmer of rather the better class, and mallet to perpetuate the memory of many who was employed, as the others, in digging less deserving than himself, must remain even his winter fuel. The old man at first made without a single stone to mark out the resting the same excuse with those who had already place of his mortal remains. Old Mortality declined acting as the traveller's guide; but had three sons, Robert, Walter, and John; perceiving him in great perplexity, and paying the former, as has been already mentioned, the respect due to his profession, You are a lives in the village of Balmaclellan, in comclergyman, sir?' he said. Mr. Walker as- fortable circumstances, and is much respected sented. "And I observe, from your speech, by his neighbours. Walter died several years that you are from the north?" You are ago, leaving behind him a family now respectright, my good friend,' was the reply. And ably situated in this point. John went to may I ask if you have ever heard of a place America in the year 1776, and, after various called Dunnottar?' I ought to know some- turns of fortune, settled at Baltimore.'-Old thing about it, my friend,' said Mr. Walker, Nol himself is said to have loved an innocent since I have been several years the minister jest (see Captain Hodgson's Memoirs). Old of the parish.' 'I am glad to hear it,' said the Mortality somewhat resembled the Protector Dumfriesian, for one of my near relations in this turn to festivity. Like Master Silence, Les buried there, and there is, I believe, a mo- he had been merry twice and once in his time; "I like the Greeks, who are plausible rasnument over his grave. I would give half of but even his jests were of a melancholy and cals,-with all the Turkish vices, without their what I am aught, to know if it is still in exist- sepulchral nature, and sometimes attended with courage. However, some are brave, and all are ence. He was one of those who perished in inconvenience to himself, as will appear from beautiful, very much resembling the busts of the Whigs' Vault at the castle?" said the the following anecdote. The old man was at Alcibiades:- -the women not quite so handminister; for there are few southlanders one time following his wonted occupation of some. I mean to give up all conbesides lying in our churchyard, and none, I repairing the tombs of the martyrs, in the nexion, on my return, with many of my best think, having monuments.' Even sae-even churchyard of Girthon, and the sexton of the friends. -as I supposed them-and to snarl all sae,' said the old Cameronian, for such was the parish was plying his kindred task at no small my life. But I hope to have one good-humoured farmer. He then laid down his spade, cast on distance. Some roguish urchins were sporting laugh with you, and to embrace Dwyer, and his coat, and heartily offered to see the minister near them, and by their noisy gambols disturb- pledge Hodgson, before I commence cynicism. out of the moss, if he should lose the rest of the ing the old men in their serious occupation.* day's dargue. Mr. Walker was able to requite The most petulant of the juvenile party were him amply, in his opinion, by reciting the epi- two or three boys, grandchildren of a person taph, which he remembered by heart. The old well known by the name of Cooper Climent. man was enchanted with finding the memory This artist enjoyed almost a monopoly in Girof his grandfather or great-grandfather faith-thon and the neighbouring parishes, for makfully recorded amongst the names of brothering and selling ladles, caups, bickers, bowls, fullest declaration, that he had no other purpose in making the assertion than to check the petulance of the children. But it is easier to take away a good name than to restore it. Cooper Climent's business continued to languish, and he died in a state of poverty." Moore's Life of Lord Byron. Vol. I. Murray. (Second Notice.) CONTINUING our review of this interesting volume, we shall not follow Lord Byron's travels in Portugal and Spain, nor quote prose opinions respecting the natives, especially the fair, which were afterwards embodied in the poetry of Don Juan. Neither need we go much into his Greek and Turkish travels, which were so delightfully described by Mr. Hobhouse. A few characteristic passages from his letters, it matters not to whom addressed, are all we shall now give. * * # I almost forgot to tell you that I am dying for love of three Greek girls at Athens, sisters. I lived in the same house. Teresa, Mariana, and Katinka,* are the names of these "He has adopted this name in his description of the seraglio in Don Juan, Canto VI. It was, if I recollect right, in making love to one of these girls that he had rhymes to visi divinities, all of them under fifteen. Your You know I never read my "This is the last will and testament of me ταπεινότατος δουλος, "BYRON.'" tors.' the Right Honourable George Gordon Lord "To Mr. Adair he appeared, at this time "Though on every thing that, after his Byron, Baron Byron of Rochdale in the county (and I find that Mr. Bruce, who met him arrival at the age of manhood, he produced, of Lancaster. I desire that my body may be afterwards at Athens, conceived the same some mark or other of the master-hand may buried in the vault of the garden of Newstead, impression of him), to be labouring under be traced, yet, to print the whole of his without any ceremony or burial-service whatgreat dejection of spirits. One circumstance Paraphrase of Horace, which extends to nearly ever, and that no inscription, save my name related to me, as having occurred in the 800 lines, would be, at the best, but a ques-and age, be written on the tomb or tablet; and course of the passage, is not a little strik- tionable compliment to his memory. That the it is my will that my faithful dog may not be ing. Perceiving, as he walked the deck, a reader, however, may be enabled to form some removed from the said vault. To the performsmall yataghan, or Turkish dagger, on one of opinion of a performance, which-by an error ance of this my particular desire, I rely on the the benches, he took it up, unsheathed it, and, or caprice of judgment, unexampled, perhaps, attention of my executors hereinafter named.' having stood for a few moments contemplating in the annals of literature-its author, for a "It is submitted to Lord Byron, whether the blade, was heard to say, in an under voice, time, preferred to the sublime musings of this clause relative to the funeral had not better 'I should like to know how a person feels after Childe Harold, I shall here select a few such be omitted. The substance of it can be given in committing a murder!' In this startling speech passages from the Paraphrase as may seem a letter from his lordship to the executors, and we may detect, I think, the germ of his future calculated to give an idea as well of its merits accompany the will; and the will may state Giaours and Laras. This intense wish to ex- as its defects." that the funeral shall be performed in such plore the dark workings of the passions, was manner as his lordship may by letter direct, what, with the aid of imagination, at length and, in default of any such letter, then at the generated the power; and that faculty which discretion of his executors.' entitled him afterwards to be so truly styled B.' the searcher of dark bosoms,' may be traced to, perhaps, its earliest stirrings in the sort of feeling that produced these words. On their approaching the island of Zea, he expressed a wish to be put on shore. Accordingly, having taken leave of his companion, he was landed upon this small island, with his two Albanians, a Tartar, and one English servant; and in one of his manuscripts, he has, himself, described the proud, solitary feeling with which he stood to see the ship sail swiftly away-leaving him there, in a land of strangers, alone. The consideration of this we must, nevertheless, defer, as we have now only room for a very interesting account touching Lord Byron's disposition of his property, within a month of his return to England. "Newstead Abbey, August 12th, 1811. Directions for the Contents of a Will, to be drawn up immediately. "It must stand. "I do hereby specifically order and direct that all the claims of the said S. B. Davies upon me shall be fully paid and satisfied as soon as conveniently may be after my decease, on his proving [by vouchers or otherwise, to the satisfaction of my executors hereinafter named]* the amount thereof, and the correctness of the same.' 666 If Mr. Davies has any unsettled claims upon Lord Byron, that circumstance is a reason for his not being appointed executor ; each executor having an opportunity of paying himself his own debt, without consulting his coexecutors." "So much the better;-if possible, let him be an executor. 'B.' "The two following letters contain further instructions on the same subject. "To Mr. Bolton. "The estate of Newstead to be entailed (subject to certain deductions) on George Anson Byron, heir-at-law, or whoever may be the heir-at-law on the death of Lord B. The Rochdale property to be sold in part or the whole, according to the debts and legacies of the present Lord B. To Nicolo Giraud of Athens, subject of France, but born in Greece, "He was a good deal weakened and thinned the sum of seven thousand pounds sterling, to by his illness at Patras, and on his return to be paid from the sale of such parts of Rochdale, Athens, standing one day before a looking- Newstead, or elsewhere, as may enable the said glass, he said to Lord Sligo How pale I look! Nicolo Giraud (resident at Athens and Malta --I should like, I think, to die of a consump-in the year 1810) to receive the above sum on tion.' • Why of a consumption?' asked his his attaining the age of twenty-one years. To friend. Because then (he answered) the wo- William Fletcher, Joseph Murray, and Dememen would all say, See that poor Byron-trius Zograffo (native of Greece), servants, the « Newstead Abbey, August 16th, 1811. how interesting he looks in dying!' In this sum of fifty pounds per annum each, for their "Sir, I have answered the queries on the anecdote, which, slight as it is, the relater natural lives. To William Fletcher the Mill margin. I wish Mr. Davies's claims to be remembered as a proof of the poet's conscious- at Newstead, on condition that he payeth rent, most fully allowed, and, further, that he be ness of his own beauty, may be traced also but not subject to the caprice of the landlord. one of my executors. I wish the will to be the habitual reference of his imagination to To Robert Rushton the sum of fifty pounds made in a manner to prevent all discussion, if that sex, which, however he affected to despise per annum for life, and a further sum of one possible, after my decease; and this I leave to it, influenced, more or less, the flow and colour thousand pounds on attaining the age of twen-you, as a professional gentleman. With regard of all his thoughts. ty-five years. To John Hanson, Esq. the to the few and simple directions for the dis“I have done with authorship (he says, in sum of two thousand pounds sterling. The posal of my carcass, I must have them implianother letter); and if, in my last production, claims of S. B. Davies, Esq., to be satisfied on citly fulfilled, as they will, at least, prevent I have convinced the critics or the world I was proving the amount of the same. The body of trouble and expense ;-and (what would be of something more than they took me for, I am Lord B. to be buried in the vault of the garden little consequence to me, but may quiet the satisfied; nor will I hazard that reputation by of Newstead, without any ceremony or burial- conscience of the survivors) the garden is cona future effort. It is true I have some others service whatever, or any inscription, save his secrated ground. These directions are copied in manuscript, but I leave them for those who name and age. His dog not to be removed verbatim from my former will; the alterations come after me; and, if deemed worth publish- from the said vault. My library and furniture in other parts have arisen from the death of ing, they may serve to prolong my memory of every description to my friends John Cam Mrs. B. I have honour to be your most obewhen I myself shall cease to remember. Hobhouse, Esq., and S. B. Davies, Esq., my dient humble servant, 66 6 BYRON.' "Notwithstanding this resolution, however, executors. In case of their decease, the Rev. so recently expressed, to abandon for ever J. Becher, of Southwell, Notts, and R. C. the vocation of authorship, and leave the Dallas, Esq., of Mortlake, Surrey, to be exewhole Castalian state' to others, he was hardly cutors. The produce of the sale of Wymondham in Norfolk, and the late Mrs. B.'s Scotch property, to be appropriated in aid of the payment of debts and legacies.' landed in England when we find him busily the press. 碗 "I have an imitation of Horace's Art of Poetry ready for Cawthorn; but don't let that deter you, for I sha'n't inflict it upon you. recourse to an act of courtship often practised in that country, namely, giving himself a wound across the breast with his dagger. The young Athenian, by his own account, looked on very coolly during the operation, considering it a fit tribute to her beauty, but in no degree moved to gratitude." In sending a copy of the will, framed on these instructions, to Lord Byron, the solicitor accompanied some of the clauses with marginal queries, calling the attention of his noble client to points which he considered inexpedient or questionable; and as the short, pithy answers to these suggestions are strongly characteristic of their writer, I shall here give one or two of the clauses in full, with the respective queries and answers annexed. "On the death of his mother, a considerable sum of money, the remains of the price of the estate of Gight, was paid into his hands by her trustee, Baron Clerk." 666 "To Mr. Bolton. "Newstead Abbey, August 20th, 1811. Sir. The witnesses shall be provided from amongst my tenants, and I shall be happy self. I forgot to mention that it must be speto see you on any day most convenient to yourcified by codicil, or otherwise, that my body is on no account to be removed from the vault where I have directed it to be placed; and, in case any of my successors within the entail (from bigotry, or otherwise) might think proshall be attended by forfeiture of the estate, per to remove the carcass, such proceeding "Over the words which I have here placed between brackets, Lord Byron drew his pen. In the clause enumerating the names and places of abode of the executors, the solicitor had left blanks for the Christian names of these gentlemen; and Lord Byron, having filled up all but that of Dallas, writes in the margin-I forget the Christian name of Dallas-cut him out.'" which, in such case, shall go to my sister, the "In consequence of this last letter, a proviso and declaration, in conformity with its instructions, were inserted in the will. He also executed, on the 28th of this month, a codicil, by which he revoked the bequest of his household goods and furniture, library, pictures, sabres, watches, plate, linen, trinkets, and other personal estate (except money and securities) situate within the walls of the mansion-house and premises at his decease and bequeathed the same (except his wine and spirituous liquors) to his friends, the said J. C. Hobhouse, J. B. Davies, and Francis Hodgson, their executors, &c. to be equally divided between them for their own use; and he bequeathed his wine and spirituous liquors, which should be in the cellars and premises at Newstead, unto his friend the said J. Becher for his own use; and requested the said J. C. Hobhouse, J. B. Davies, F. Hodgson, and J. Becher, respectively, to accept the bequest therein contained, to them respectively, as a token of his friendship.'" (To be continued.) René Caillie's Journey to Timbuctoo, Vol. I. [Second notice.] We need no introduction towards continuing our review of this work, which throws so much light on African geography and customs. "The method of teaching adopted among all the Musulmans of the interior of Africa is to write on small boards verses of the Koran, which are chanted by the scholars as they sit round a large fire. The lesson is written by the master himself, until the scholars are sufficiently advanced to write it themselves. At Cambaya this sort of public school is very well managed: the master maintains the most rigid discipline. The school is attended by girls as well as boys; but the education of females is much neglected. It is thought enough if they know the first verses of the Koran: boys, on the other hand, are required to learn it all by heart, after which a more able master is found for them, and he explains to them the most difficult passages of the sacred book. The scholars are, in some respects, the servants of their master. They fetch wood and water for him, clean his hut, cultivate his field, and gather in his harvest. The parents of the children make the tutor some little presents of doth, tobacco, and seed to sow in his garden." that the children of parents of this kind, that the name of which I have forgotten, are used * 录 On the 5th of July was the festival of the Salam, which is always celebrated with great pomp by the Mussulmans. I was present at the festival, in company with my guide. It was held on an extensive plain east of the village, not far from the Milo. In passing through the streets I observed several venerable old men, clothed in short scarlet mantles, the edges of which were trimmed with a yellow sprigged cotton, in imitation of gold lace. They walked separately, and were followed by a numerous train. As they proceeded along, they chanted On leaving Fouta-Dhialon for Kankan, the author says: "Fouta-Dhialon is governed by an almamy, appointed by the chiefs of the country. They assemble to elect him, and have also the right of deposing him if he does not give satisfaction. The government is theocratic. The Foulahs of Fouta are in general tall and well made; their manner is noble and dignified; their colour is a bright chestnut, somewhat darker than that of the wandering Foulahs: they have curly hair like the negroes, a rather high forehead, large eyes, and aquiline nose, thin lips, and the face a little elongated. In short, as to their features, they approximate to the European physiognomy. They are all Mahometans, and extremely fa- Allah-akbar, Allah-akbar, la illa il-Allah, natical. They hold the Christians in horror, Allah-akbar,' &c.; these words were repeated and are fully persuaded that they wish to ob- by their retinue, which increased in number tain possession of the gold mines situated to every minute. In their right hands they held the east of Fouta. It is for this reason they lances, and they wore red caps on their heads. take such precautions to prevent the Christians On arriving at the plain, I saw a numerous from penetrating into that part of the country. concourse of people attired in a motley variety of They do not travel like the Mandingoes to dis- costumes. The greater part wore the dress of the tant places, but prefer remaining quietly at country, consisting of a coussabe, trousers, a home, and superintending their slaves, who pointed cap, and sandals. Several of them form an important part of their property. They were bedecked in old scarlet coats of the Enare jealous and envious; they often impose glish soldiers, which they had procured at rigorous exactions on foreign merchants passing Sierra-Leone, or the Gambia: others were through their country, especially when they are rich. They are, nevertheless, very hospitable, and generously assist their countrymen. I never saw a mendicant among them. In their mountains they cultivate rice, maize, and millet; and also cotton, of which they manufacture stuffs in pieces only five inches wide. These narrow strips are used for covering their nakedness. The principal trade of the country is in salt and cotton cloth: they go to Kakondy to barter leather, rice, wax, and millet, for salt, with which they afterwards purchase stuffs at Kankan and Sambatikila.” At Kankan, Caillié remained some time, and then set out for Jenné. wrapped in old European cloaks, of various colours, and had European hats on their heads. In short, they had bedizened themselves in all the rags and tatters they could collect; and no doubt every one had put on his complete fulldress suit, in honour of the important occasion. All the men were armed with guns, lances, bows, and arrows, which, during prayer, they laid on the ground. The old men in the red cloaks, arrived, followed by crowds of people. The chief soon appeared on borseback, escorted by two or three hundred Mandingoes, forming a file on each side of him: these Mandingoes were all armed with muskets. A flag of rosecoloured taffeta was borne before the chief. A white infant, the offspring of a negro "At Kankan the market is always well The almamy, or spiritual chief, followed Maand negress, was brought to me. The child stocked with European goods, brought from the madi Sanici, who may be called the chief was about eighteen or twenty months old. Its coast by Mandingo merchants, consisting of magistrate: both were escorted by a guard, mother placed it in my arms, and I examined muskets, powder, printed calico, blue and white carrying white silk flags, which had in the it attentively. Its hair was curly and white, Guinea cloth, amber, coral, glass beads, and centre a small piece of red, in the form of a and its eye-lashes and eye-brows of a light hardware. I also saw a good deal of white heart. Mamadi-Sanici was dressed simply, but faxen colour. The forehead, nose, cheeks, and cloth, manufactured in the Wassoulo; earthen neatly. The almamy, however, was magnidin, were slightly tinged with red, and the pots, made in the country; all kinds of provi-ficently attired; he wore a fine scarlet mantle, rest of the skin was white. The eyes were sions, such as rice, foigné, yams, cassava, &c. trimmed with gold-lace and fringe, which had light blue; but the pupil was of a red flame Fowls, sheep, oxen, and horses, are brought by been presented to him by Major Peddie, duCalour. The lips were of a rather dark red. the inhabitants of other countries. Fire-wood ring his stay at Kakondy, on the Rio Nuñez; I remarked that the child had very defective is also sold in this market by slaves, who by for, when the Major was setting out to explore sight. I endeavoured to make it look up by this traffic procure for themselves a little salt, the interior of Africa, he sent presents to the drawing its attention to my beads; but it ap- which is very dear, but is the principal article different chiefs, in order to conciliate their peared to suffer pain, cried, and held down its of barter. Í observed that several merchants favour. The old men who wore the red manbead. It was just beginning to cut its teeth. had gold, but they attached great value to it, tles had evidently taken a pattern from the Its lips were rather thick, and, indeed, it had and exchanged it for none but the choicest almamy's. The music of the festival conaltogether the Mandingo physiognomy. The articles. All the dealers are provided with sisted of two large drums, exactly resembling infant appeared to be in good health. The small scales, made in the country, and which those used at Cambaya, which I have already negroes have no dislike to a white skin; they appeared to be tolerably accurate. The seeds described. The almamy repeated the prayer merely consider it as a disease. I was informed of a tree which grows in the Fouta-Dhialon, with an air of sincere devotion. It was a solemn spectacle to behold so numerous an the outside of these walls a few stakes are Part II. of a Catalogue of the Extensive and assembly all kneeling in adoration of their driven into the ground to support the timberGod." Beyond Kankan the land is diligently cul-vered with straw; the ground-plot of these work, which is like a pigeon-house, and coValuable Collection of Foreign Divinity, &c. tivated; - but we must finish, for this week, huts may be fifty or fifty-five feet in circum&c. of the late Mr. Gilbert Dyer, of Exeter. with one farther extract. Drawn up by his Son and Successor. Now "On the 21st of July, at nine in the morn-high. The environs of this little village are comprehensive collection was published, we ference, and they are twelve or fourteen feet WHEN the first Part of the catalogue of this on sale, by William Strong. Exeter, 1830. ing, we continued our journey towards the well cultivated, and abounding in pistachios, noticed the prodigious number of above 6500 east for twelve miles, over a gravelly soil, in rice, yams, maize, and a thousand other useful books, of the highest order in the class (Divisome parts varied by a very productive red productions. I saw, for the first time since nity) to which they belong; and our surprise earth. We crossed a stream on the most in- I left the coast, a few specimens of the rham-at so immense a private library is farther incommodious bridge I had yet seen-for it was nus lotus, mentioned by Mungo Park. only a tree, the branches of which hung over prince sent us a pretty good supper of rice, to no fewer than ten thousand five hundred and the rivulet my companions, who had loads cooked with sour milk, and added a little salt, ninety-four biblical and theological works!! The creased by this Part II. which swells the amount on their heads, tottered every instant-but we by way of a luxury. We had rain all the Many of Mr. Dyer's notes are extremely curious had the good fortune to cross without any evening, and the air was damp and cool." mishap. At two in the afternoon we halted at Sigala, a little village, where the Prince of The Mirror of Parliament for the Third Ses- telligence and research. Altogether, we deem and interesting; and the book-collector and Wassoulo resides- my guide introduced me antiquary are alike indebted to him for his into his presence: a man went before to ansion of the Eighth Parliament of Great this to be perhaps the most valuable, as it is nounce us, and we were permitted to enter Britain and Ireland, commencing 5th Feb. the most ample, catalogue of the kind that has his hut, where we found him lying by the side 1829. Edited by J. H. Barrow, Esq., Bar- ever appeared: it is eminently deserving of of his dog the animal, which was of a longrister at Law. 3 vols. folio. Published by the attention of the learned of all countries. eared species, with a sharp nose and red hair, THE public has long wondered at the extra- Facts and Observations on the Danger and Difthe Proprietors, 52, Parliament Street. did not seem pleased with our visit for he ordinary rapidity, extent, and accuracy, with growled much when we approached him: his which the morning newspapers report the demaster pacified him, and we took our seat bates in Parliament; and, indeed, when we ficulties attending the Present Mode of hangnear the prince, on his ox-hide. My guide look at the process and admirable division of ing Ships' Rudders. told him that I had been taken prisoner by the labour, both mental and mechanical, by which Together with a Description of an Improved Patented Plan for Christians, and that I was returning to my they accomplish this work, it may truly be conremoving the existing inconveniences, and native land that I had been very well re-sidered as a most wonderful effort. Still it is affording Ships the means within themselves ceived in all Fouta-and that the Prince of impossible for these journals, occupied as they of repairing and reshipping their Rudders at Sea. With Diagrams, &c. By Captain J. that is requisite towards a complete history of seaman. Bara- are with intelligence of every kind, to do all THIS little pamphlet should be seen by every Lihou, R.N. Norie and Co. the proceedings of Parliament; and a deside-invention, together with his illustrative remarks The value of the gallant captain's can now be felt no longer; for the present pub- the present unmanageable mode of shipping or ratum in this respect was generally felt. It relative to the danger and difficulties attending lication is the most ample, correct, and autho- unshipping the rudder at sea, must be obvious ritative record that could be wished. It does to every able-minded mariner. infinite credit to the editor's industry and abilities, and to the abilities of the reporters number of ships that have been entirely wreckwho have contributed to its excellence. He is ed or exposed to imminent danger from not "It would be endless to particularise the also very fortunate in having commenced his possessing the ready means of repairing their labours with a session of such momentous in- rudders at sea. terest as that which repealed Roman Catholic geux, Solebay, Termagant, Forte, Clio, Terror, disabilities, and greatly altered the British con- Theseus, and Emerald, appear to form but a His Majesty's ships Courasmall portion of the list. In 1811, the melanThe Literary Blue Book. Marsh and Miller. fate involved that of the Defence, 74, (the choly loss of the St. George, 98 guns, whose AN admirable idea wretchedly executed. In former with 850, and the latter with 530 men, fact, the Literary Blue Book is a mere catch-exclusive of officers) is in a great measure to penny. It professes to contain, in an enlarged be attributed to the St. George losing her rudand corrected shape, literature, science, and the arts," which formed have been saved by the present plan.” "lists connected with der, which, in all human probability would a prominent feature in the Literary Pocket Book,-a very useful publication, and which we regret to find has been discontinued. stitution. Kankan recommended me to his care. misa seemed very well disposed towards me; he appeared very lively, and addressed many questions to Arafanba, who said, in order to please him, that though I did not know him, I often asked about him on the way, and wanted to see him, with which he seemed flattered. I remarked in his hut a tin tea-pot, a copper-dish, and many other vessels of the same metal. From the antique form of these vessels, I guessed that they might be Portuguese. The tea-pot was oval, and supported upon a circular rim at the foot; the handle, which projected a good deal, rose higher than the lid, and the lid itself was crowned with a knob, which ended in a point at the top. The dishes were round, like those of pewter used in Europe; a copper bowl, with a handle and a round pedestal, served to keep his colat-nuts Cool. Baramisa had a large gold ear-ring in his right ear, and none in his left; he takes snuff and smokes, like his subjects, and is not a whit more cleanly; his hut was hung round with bows, arrows, quivers, and lances, two horse-saddles, and a great straw hat. I did not perceive any gun. Our visit was short; we returned to the hut allotted to us, and the prince soon afterwards sent a calabash of milk of errors and absurdities; even the most comEvery page of the Literary Blue Book is full and dégué, which he begged me to accept: Imon and obvious sources of information have despatched it with my companions. Baramisa been unaccountably neglected; and it is our sent for me again, and I went with my guide; duty towards the public to state the he received me in his stable, where he was sit-worthlessness of this volume. ting upon an ox-hide, near a beautiful horse; utter he made us sit down by his side, and gave me The British Celestial Atlas. By G. Rubie. quests on the casualties of wrecked vessels, as We wonder why there are not coroners' inon those of overturned coaches: perhaps they might lead to much good. ARTS AND SCIENCES. The AYLMER B. LAMBERT, Esq. V.P. in the species of coral found about the islands of the chair. Several Fellows were elected. A paper by Samuel Stulchbury, Esq. associate, on a new munication, from the pen of William Yarrell, Esq. F.L.S. &c. was also read; it was on a new Pacific, was read. Another interesting comspecies of wild swan taken in England, and hitherto confounded with the hooper. scientific author in this paper observed, that European naturalists had as yet admitted but one wild swan in their systematic catalogues; repeated dissections, however, convinced him of the existence of a second species. The new swan than the hooper, but very similar to that wellknown bird in its external characters. was represented as one-third smaller their internal structure they were stated to be In |