Mr. Lyell is of opinion, that the very com- a level with its banks; so that if it should | difficulty; for it is known that calcareous rocks monly received notion among geologists, that rise perpendicularly eight or ten feet, it would are forming in the delta of the Rhone, the the organic remains found in the several strata, lay under water the adjacent flat country of Adriatic, and other localities. Precipitation is from the lower red sand-stone to the tertiary Upper Canada on the west, and the state of acknowledged to be the means whereby the series, had a progressive developement in the New York on the east. The river where it surplus mineral matter is disposed of, after the order of creation, is erroneous; and this opinion issues is about three quarters of a mile in consumption of a certain portion in the secrehe supports, by citing an instance of the re-width. Before reaching the falls it is pro- tion of testacea and zoophytes. But some have mains of fish being found in Perthshire in pelled with great rapidity, being a mile broad, imagined, that before muriate of soda can in quarries of the old red sand-stone, which is about twenty-five feet deep, and having a de-like manner be precipitated, the whole Medilower in the series than the coal or mountain scent of fifty feet in half a mile." After this terranean ought to become saturated with salt, limestone. The vertebræ of a reptile has also immense body of water has been precipitated as the brine springs of Cheshire, or Lake Aral, been found in the mountain limestone of Nor-over a precipice of 160 feet," the bed of the or the Dead Sea. There is, however, an essen thumberland, which the author deems conclu- river below the falls is strewed over with huge tial difference between these cases; for the Mesive as to the fact of the higher class of animals, fragments which have been hurled down into diterranean is not only incomparably greater as well as testacea and vegetable remains, having the abyss. By the continual destruction of the than these two basins, but its depth is enorexisted at the very remote era when the oldest rocks, the falls have within the last forty years mous. In the narrowest parts of the straits of of the secondary class of strata were deposited. receded nearly fifty yards, or, in other words, Gibraltar, where they are about nine miles Some farther researches, however, are neces- the ravine has been prolonged to that extent. broad, between the isle of Tariffa and Alcansary to determine this point satisfactorily. Through this deep chasm the Niagara flows zar point, the depth varies from one hundred The comparatively recent origin of the hu- for about seven miles, and then the table-land, and sixty to five hundred fathoms; but beman race, Mr. Lyell also considers as affording which is almost on a level with Lake Erie, tween Gibraltar and Ceuta, Captain Smyth no argument in favour of that progressive order suddenly sinks down at a place called Queens- sounded to the extraordinary depth of nine of animal creation which is contended for by town, and the river emerges from the ravine hundred and fifty fathoms! where he found some geological writers; and which is sup- into a plain which continues to the shores of a gravelly bottom, with fragments of shells. ported by a mass of very strong inductive evi- Lake Ontario. There seems good reason for Saussure sounded to the depth of two thousand dence against the few isolated facts advanced the general opinion, that the falls were once at feet, within a few yards of the shore at Nice. in the present work. But we must allow the Queenstown, and that they have gradually re- What profundity may we not, then, expect author the benefit of his own evidence. "As- trograded from that place to their present posi- some of the recesses of this sea to reach? The suming, then, that man is, comparatively speak- tion, about seven miles distant. If the ratio evaporation being very rapid, the surface water ing, of modern origin, can his introduction be of recession had never exceeded fifty yards becomes impregnated with a slight excess of considered as one step in a progressive system, in forty years, it must have required nearly salt; and its specific gravity being thus inby which, as some suppose, the organic world 10,000 years for the excavation of the whole creased, it falls to the bottom, while lighter advanced slowly from a more simple to a more ravine; but no probable conjecture can be of water supplies its place at top from the current perfect state? To this question we may reply, fered as to the probable period of time con- of the Atlantic and the great rivers. But the that the superiority of man depends not on sumed in such an operation, because the retro-heavier fluid does not merely fall to the bottom, those faculties and attributes which he shares grade movement may have been much more but flows on till it reaches the lowest part of in common with the inferior animals, but on rapid when the whole current was confined one of those submarino basins into which we his reason, by which he is distinguished from within a space not exceeding a fourth or a fifth must suppose the bottom of this inland sea to them. If the organisation of man were such of that which the falls now occupy. Should be divided. By the continuance of this process, as would confer a decided pre-eminence on him the erosive action not be accelerated in future, additional supplies of brine are annually careven if he were deprived of his reasoning it will require upwards of 30,000 years for the ried to deep repositories, until the lower strata powers, and provided only with such instincts falls to reach Lake Erie (twenty-five miles dis- of water are fully saturated, and precipitation as are possessed by the lower animals, he might tant), to which they seem destined to arrive in takes place-not in thin films, such as are said then be supposed to be a link in a progressive the course of time, unless some earthquake to cover the alluvial marshes along the western chain, especially if it could be shewn that the changes the relative levels of the district. shores of the Euxine, nor in minute layers, like successive developement of the animal creation Should Lake Erie remain in its present state those of the salt estangs' of the Rhone had always proceeded from the more simple to until the period when the ravine recedes to its but on the grandest scale,-continuous masses the more compound, from species most remote shores, the sudden escape of that great body of of pure rock salt, extending perhaps for hunfrom the human type to those most nearly water would cause a tremendous deluge; for dreds of miles in length, like those of the approaching to it. But this is an hypothesis the ravine would be much more than sufficient mountains of Poland, Hungary, Transylvania, which is wholly unsupported by geological to drain the whole lake, of which the average and Spain." evidence. On the other hand we may admit, depth was found, during the late survey, to be It is a question of vast geographical interest that man is of higher dignity than were any only ten or twelve fathoms. But in couse-to future generations, and scarcely less to the pre-existing beings on the earth, and yet ques-quence of its shallowness, Lake Erie is fast present proprietors and occupiers of land on tion whether his coming was a step in the filling up with sediment; and the annual our eastern and southern coast, to investigate gradual advancement of the organic world; growth of the deltas of many rivers and tor- the destructive agency that is continually going for the most highly civilised people may some- rents which flow into it is remarkable." on by the water of the ocean. We therefore times degenerate in strength and stature, and We do not remember any preceding geological think the following remarks of Mr. Lyell become inferior in their physical attributes to writer giving a satisfactory theory of the pro-worthy of much attention. the stock of rude hunters from whom they duction of those enormous masses of rock salt "The current which flows from the northdescended." which contribute so materially to the mineral east, and bears against our eastern coast (of Leaving this difficult problem for the de- riches of this country, and certain portions of England) transports materials of various kinds. termination of our metaphysical readers, we the European continent. Alluding to the con- It undermines and sweeps away the granite, shall proceed to give an extract which will stant current which flows from the Atlantic gneis, trap-rock, and sand-stone of Shetland, be far more generally interesting, as illustra- into the basin of the Mediterranean, and the and removes the gravel and loam of Holderness, ting in a remarkable degree the influence fresh water carried off by evaporation, being Norfolk, and Suffolk, which are between fifty of running water in excavating deep valleys the only outlet for this vast mass of water, and two hundred and fifty feet in height, and and depositing the débris of rocks in the bot-flowing in on all sides, from the Black Sea in which wastes at the rate of from one to six toms of lakes and the mouths of rivers. After the east, to Gibraltar in the west, of Europe. yards annually. It bears away the strata of shewing the powerful agency of mountain tor- Mr. Lyell pertinently asks:London clay on the coast of Essex and Sheppy, rents in excavating valleys through the soft, "What then becomes of the excess of salt? consumes the chalk with its flints for many calcareous, and volcanic deposits of Italy and for this is an inquiry of the highest geologi- miles continuously on the shores of Kent and other parts of Europe, the author observes: cal interest. The Rhone, the Po, and many Sussex, commits annual ravages on the fresh"The falls of Niagara afford a magnificent hundred minor streams, pour annually into the water beds covered by chalk, and continually example of the progressive excavation of a deep Mediterranean large quantities of carbonate of saps the foundation of the Portland limestone. valley in solid rock. That river flows from lime, together with iron, magnesia, silica, It receives, besides, during the rainy months, Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, the former being alumina, sulphur, and other ingredients, in large supplies of pebbles, sand, and mud, which 330 feet above the latter, and the distance be- solution. To explain why the influx of this the Grampians, Cheviots, and other chains, send tween them being thirty-two miles. On flow-matter does not alter the composition of this down to the sea. To what regions then is all ing out of the upper lake, the river is almost on sea, has never been thought to present a great this matter consigned? It is not retained in mechanical suspension by the waters of the sea, nor does it mix with them in a state of chemical solution. It is deposited somewhere, yet certainly not in the immediate neighbourhood of our shores; for in that case there would soon be a cessation of the encroachments of the sea, and large tracts of low land, like Romney Marsh, would every where encircle our island. As there is now a depth of water exceeding thirty feet in some spots where cities flourished but a few centuries ago, it is clear that the current not only carries far away the materials of the wasted cliffs, but tears up, besides, many of the regular strata at the bottom of the sea. The German Ocean is deepest on the Norwegian side, where the soundings give one hundred and ninety fathoms; but the mean depth of the whole basin may be stated at only thirty-one fathoms. The bed of this sea is encumbered in an extraordinary degree with accumulations of débris, especially in the middle. One of the great central banks trends from the Firth of Forth north-east to a distance of one hundred and ten miles; others run from Denmark and Gutland upwards of one hundred miles to the north-west; while the great Dogger bank extends to three hundred and fifty-four miles from north to south." of Messrs. Daubeny and Scrope. But in spite winter (1828), I found the crevices in the We "A remarkable discovery has lately been made on Etna, of a mass of ice, preserved for This fact affords a decisive proof of the many ages, perhaps for centuries, from melting, slow conducting power of the igneous class by the singular event of a current of red hot of rocks, whether in the mass, or broken into lava having flowed over it. The following are scoria by volcanic action; while it serves to the facts in attestation of a phenomenon which confirm the commonly received opinion among must at first sight appear of so paradoxical a geologists of the present day, that the surface character. The extraordinary heat experienced of the earth, including the basin of the ocean, in the south of Europe during the summer and is nothing more than a crust or shell enclosing autumn of 1828, caused the supplies of snow vast masses of mineral matter in a state of and ice, which had been preserved in the spring incandescence or partial fusion. Yet to what of that year, for the use of Catania and the limits these fiery vaults may extend, it is imadjoining parts of Sicily and the neighbouring possible to form any estimate. Volcanic erupisland of Malta, to fail entirely. Considerable tions and earthquakes may be distinctly traced distress was felt for the want of a commodity throughout three-fourths of the continents and regarded in these countries as one of the neces- nine-tenths of the islands which constitute the saries of life rather than an article of luxury, habitable globe. But we have no data whereand on the abundance of which, in some large on to form any adequate conception of the cities, the salubrity of the water and the gene- amount of volcanic agency constantly going on ral health of the people may be said to depend. in the sub-marine regions of the Atlantic and The magistrates of Catania applied to Signor Pacific! Could we look into the womb of futurity a M. Gemmelaro, in the hope that his local We cannot dismiss the work before us withfew thousand years, we should, in all pro- knowledge of Etna might enable him to point out thanking the author for the vast mass of bability, witness the whole of these sand-banks out some crevice or grotto in the mountain evidence he has condensed into a small compass, united into one mass, and become the habita- where drift snow was still preserved. Nor on one of the most interesting inquiries which tion of man and the inferior animal creation! were they disappointed: for he had long sus- can occupy the attention of mankind. Mr. Lyell pursues the same course in the pected that a small mass of perennial ice at the observe a few repetitions, and some other minor investigation of volcanic phenomena as he foot of the highest cone was part of a larger blemishes in style and classification; but we adopts in examining the effects of diluvial and continuous glacier covered by a lava cur- have no hesitation in stating, that Mr. Lyell's action on the earth's surface. Instead of la- rent. Having procured a large body of work-labours must have the effect of dispelling many bouring to establish some favourite hypothesis men, he quarried into this ice, and proved the of the mists which have hitherto concealed, and regarding the origin of volcanoes, as many super-position of the lava for several hundred removing much of the delta which has obpreceding geologists had done, the author pro- yards, so as completely to satisfy himself that structed, the current of geological knowledge. ceeds at once to the registry of facts and ob- nothing but the subsequent flowing of the lava servations derived either from the most un- over the ice could account for the position of Col. Welsh's Reminiscences of the East Indies. questionable authorities, or in many cases from the glacier. Unfortunately for the geologist, his own examination. The practical tone which the ice was so extremely hard, and the excacharacterises this portion of his volume may be vation so expensive, that there is no probability WHILE at the post up the country where our judged of by the following remark connected of the operation being renewed. On the 1st of last quotation left Col. Welsh, he paid two with the production and decomposition of vol- December, 1828, I visited this spot, which is visits to Coorg, a place and government so recanic lavas. on the south-east side of the cone, and not far markable, that we must afford as much space "They who have visited the Phlegræan from the Casa Inglese; but the fresh snow had as we can to his striking accounts of both. fields, and the volcanic region of Italy, and are already nearly filled up the new opening, so "The kingdom of Coorg, situated to the aware of the many problematical appearances that it had only the appearance of the mouth westward of Mysore, is of small extent, being which igneous rocks of the most modern origin of a grotto. I do not, however, question the comprised within the twelfth degree of north assume during their decomposition, cannot but accuracy of the conclusion of Signor Gemmelaro, latitude, and the seventy-fifth and seventybe astonished at the confidence with which the who being well acquainted with all the appear sixth degrees of east longitude. It is about contending Neptunists and Vulcanists in the ances of drift-snow in the fissures and cavities fifty miles in length, and thirty-five only in last century dogmatised on the igneous or of Etna, had recognised, even before the late ex- the broadest part. Surrounded by lofty mounaqueous origin of certain rocks of the remotest cavations, the peculiar position of the ice in this tains, for the most part inaccessible, it contains antiquity. Instead of having laboured to ac- locality. We may suppose, that at the com- many others, scattered over the interior surface, quire an accurate acquaintance with the aspect mencement of the eruption a deep mass of drift forming a succession of wild rugged hills and of known volcanic rocks, and the transmuta- snow had been covered by volcanic sand, show-highly cultivated valleys; and, as if this were tions which they undergo subsequently to their ered down upon it before the descent of the not sufficient to confirm its title to the appellafirst consolidation, the adherents of both parties lava. A dense stratum of this fine dust mixed tion of a strong country,' they have divided seem either to consider themselves born with with scoriæ is well known to be an excellent the whole interior into squares. Those where an intuitive knowledge of the effects of volcanic non-conductor of heat, and may thus have pre- no streams or marshes are contained, being ge operations, or to have assumed, that they re- served the snow from complete fusion when nerally about a mile in width, with an enor quired no other analogies than those which a the burning flood poured over it. The shep-mous ditch and high mound or bank, formed laboratory and furnace might supply." herds in the higher regions of Etna are accus- by the original contents of the ditch, and coThese remarks appear to be as much levelled tomed to provide an annual store of snow to vered, inside and out, with deep jungle, in at the empirical system of geology taught in supply their flocks with water in the summer which are included many enormous forest our northern universities, as at the wild hypo-months, by simply strewing over the snow in trees. Some of these enclosures have four apertheses of Messrs. De Luc, Saussure, and other the spring a layer of volcanic sand a few geologists of the last century. Mr. Lyell is so disinclined to speculation, that it is difficult to trace any thing like a theory throughout his volume, explanatory of the origin of volcanic agency. In this respect we think the author has shewn his good judgment; for the subject may be said to have been previously exhausted by the very able researches (Third notice.) tures for ingress and regress, one in each face, inches thick, which effectually prevents the sun particularly those through which the principal from penetrating. When lava had once con- roads pass, and which consequently present so solidated over a glacier at the height of ten many strong barrie's against an approaching thousand feet above the level of the sea, we enemy. Every hill and mountain is also comay readily conceive that the ice would endure vered with jungle; the finest teak, jack, manas long as the snows of Mont Blanc, unless go, and other large tres, growing spontaneously melted by volcanic heat from below. When I in a country watered by numerous streams, and visited the great crater in the beginning of continual fogs and misty clouds, which, from its great height, even above the Mysore, are at-ther apartment, and shewed us a dozen off to load our pieces. The rajah had a single tracted by the hills, and cover them during the highly finished single and double rifles, by rifle carrying a twelve-ounce ball, and two night. In such a country, no town or village Manton and Jover; fowling-pieces, pistols, &c. double ones, of one ounce each. Williamson meets the eye until you are close upon it; but then an air-gun, which he desired us to try. had a single rifle of two ounces, a double Manthough I have traversed nearly the whole, at It was now seven P. M. and torch-light had suc- ton of one ounce, and his own double fowlingdifferent times, I do not remember to have seen ceeded the day-light in his court-yard; we took piece. I had a single Jover of four ounces, a above six or eight villages throughout; and I aim out of the window at various things, and double Manton of one ounce, and my own am, indeed, inclined to pronounce the majority hit them, and I even knocked down a lime, a double Beckwith; and before we ascended, the of its inhabitants to be wild elephants, tigers, species of small lemon, off the top of a cocoa-rajah explained to us where to take aim, &c. bears, bisons, buffalos, hyenas, civets, elks, nut; so uncommonly true did it carry. His son which, in an elephant, is a projecting spot imdeer, antelopes, and minor game. With such and several relations were next introduced to mediately over each eye. This space, in the resources, it is easy to ensure a day's sport, by us, all fine-looking boys; and the heir appa- smallest, will be about four inches, and in the opening the barriers of one or more enclosures rent, being about seven or eight years old, largest nearly eight inches in diameter; and for some time previous, and, when required, to dressed in a general's uniform, with a sword the eunuchs were to advise us when the game secure them simultaneously. In the days of by his side, put me in mind of some old French was near enough to fire. After four hours' Hyder's successful usurpation of the Musnud prints, in which the girls are dressed in hoops watching, while tomtoms were beating, collery of Mysore, the reigning Rajah of Coorg was and farthingales, and the boys with bag-wigs horns blowing, and English drums sounding defeated and taken prisoner by this Mussulman and small swords. Ram-fights, &c. were going the general, the monster made his appearance, prince, and carried to Mysore, where he was on all this time in the yard, as it were to amuse strutting in all the pride and wantonness of his kindly treated from policy, and persuaded the the attendants; and two of the rams had four enormous strength, and laying down every obusurper, that if he would send him back to his horns each. Then a lion made his appearance, stacle that opposed his passage. He came close own country, he would prevail on all his sub-led by a dozen men, with a strong rope. He under Williamson's gun, who fired and killed jects to submit to the Mussulman yoke, they appeared very tame, played with his leaders, him on the spot. The creature rolled over inhaving previously betaken themselves to their and suffered me to go up to him and pat him stantaneously, carrying away several small trees hills and fastnesses, from whence he could nei- on the back. I acknowledge this was a bit of as he extended his enormous bulk upon the ther drive nor recall them. This man's name bravado on my part, and I was by no means ground. For a minute afterwards, the successwas Vérájundér: it is said that he took an oath sure how it would be received. Thank God! ful sportsman, unused to such game, sat with of fidelity to Hyder before he was released, and it turned out well; though there was more his mouth open, gazing in utter amazement at that, in after times, he boasted of this breach folly than judgment in the attempt. Next the mighty proof of his own prowess; while of faith. Be that as it may, he proved himself came a large royal tiger and two panthers, the the rajah and myself, more used to such scenes, an able statesman, if such a term be applicable former having his claws pared, but very savage, descending by our wicker ladders, were on the to a mountain chief; since he improved the trying every instant to break loose. We took top of the carcass in a moment. It stood ten natural fortifications of his kingdom, built leave at half-past seven, quite pleased with the feet high, and was in excellent condition; the towns, formed an armed militia, and success-kind and affable treatment of this prince, who, tusks were two feet outside, and nearly three fully defied his former conqueror. After the I am inclined to believe, is adored by his feet long when extracted; and the length of death of Tippoo, this extraordinary man went people." the body was very nearly the same as its height. suddenly mad, and in one day destroyed one He was, as it appeared in the sequel, griev- He had been very violent all the morning, bethousand two hundred of his relations and ously mistaken: but we proceed with these ing what the natives call must, and had demoprincipal nobles, leaving, under an erroneous characteristic extracts. lished the huts and plantations of several of the idea of his imbecility, only one younger brother "After all our exertions of this day, it may ryotts or farmers, in his way to meet his alive, of all the males of his family. Vérájun- readily be supposed we slept soundly; and on quietus. At such seasons the elephant is very dér did not long survive this act, and most the morning of the 23d rose betimes as usual, dangerous, and blindly rushes on every thing likely such a man was assisted out of this a custom which I most strenuously recommend that opposes him; at other times, though very world by some of the trembling slaves by whom to all young men doomed to spend any time in furious when wounded, he is rather timid, and he was attended. I had, however, nearly the East, and went to visit the rajah's stud and will not be the aggressor in a fray." omitted to mention the act of all others which elephants, and amongst the latter found a young stamped his conduct with the most indelible white one, about two years old, most perfectly character of insanity. There was an old wo-formed, with flaxen hair, light eyes, and fair man who had confidentially attended him for skin. Of these animals, as his country abounds years, cooked his victuals, and frequented the in them, he has great abundance. After breakinterior of his palace, and a child, only a few fast, we were astonished by a visit from the years old, who was born there, a relation of Máhá Swámee, in state. No longer disguised this woman. After completing the work of in a European dress, he appeared in his native destruction, in which he had played a conspi- robes, richly decorated with jewels, and certes, cuous part, assisted by several elephants and in my eyes, he appeared a much handsomer soldiers in the court-yard, he retired into his man. He sat a few minutes, and then told us study; the old woman came in to offer her that he had received intelligence of a wild eleservices, followed by the child, when he imme- phant, and would, if we pleased, accompany us diately stabbed the woman, and, seizing the to go and shoot him. To us this was the most child, laid it upon his table, and deliberately acceptable offer he could have made. We redissected it with a penknife. He was succeeded tired to prepare ourselves and our shooting by the boy whom his blindness had spared, and apparatus, and, on our return from our own left him immense wealth, as well as most abso- rooms, found his highness ready, with elephants lute power over all his subjects, and every kind and attendants. Away we set, the rajah himof property in his little kingdom; indeed, I self driving the one I rode, sitting across its blush to write it, the absolute deity of his igno- neck, with a hook in the right hand and a knife rant and misguided people. Such, in March in the other, to cut down any small branches of 1811, was Lingrajunder Wadeer, to whom I trees likely to incommode me in the excursion. carried an introduction from the Honourable Such a man,' thought I, at the head of his Arthur Cole, resident in Mysore, who was followers, must be invincible,'-so perfectly difalso nominal resident in Coorg." ferent from the effeminate grandeur of most The reception was most magnificent, and eastern potentates. Arrived at the spot, which every kind of sport was liberally provided. was only about a mile off, we dismounted; and After shooting, hunting, &c. the author says: while the people were preparing seats on trees "On entering his palace, we were amused by for our reception, amused ourselves by shooting a set of dancing girls, keeping time to reels and arrows at a mark, in which, as usual, the rajah country dances played on two fiddles; and the beat us hollow. When all was ready, each Máhá Swámee shewed us various portraits of climbed his own tree, the rajah between us, himself, the King, the Prince of Wales, Gene- and sat in a snug little wicker-box with three ral Wellesley, &c. He then took us into ano-guns of the rajah's each, and two of his eunuchs In 1812, the year following his first, our countryman paid his second visit to Coorg, and we select the following particulars relative to it : "The little white elephant had grown considerably, but his skin was getting darker, and he appeared to be in bad health.” On the first day's sport, in a jungle beset by several thousand natives:" After three hours' beating, we collected our game within shot of our post, and marched home with eight elks, a monkey, squirrel, and jungle fowl. Of the former I killed three, Lieutenant Pridham two, and Lieutenants Meredith and Davies, one each; the peons killed one, besides lesser game. Our eunuchs and rajah's people would not permit any of us to quit our places of safety ere the whole was over, and told us it would cost them their lives if any accident happened to us. We were, therefore, literally state prisoners, pro tempore. Not one of the elks could be carried by fewer than six men, and they generally took twelve and fourteen, after being tied to bamboos for that purpose. We therefore cut no small figure, with our game following, on our return to Cuggore, where we found a capital English tiffin waiting for us. The horns of one of the elks being nearly a yard long, with several branches, and extremely heavy, we naturally concluded that the beast who could carry them without inconvenience, must have been very thick-headed. "I killed a junglee buckrah, or wood-goat, with a single ball, while running like the wind: it was a very curious animal, with a body the . "A panther was started, but he escaped, from the density of the jungle. We got into our palanquins at sunset, and having moved in great state, with every one of our three thousand attendants carrying a lighted fire-stick, arrived at our pavilion at half-past eight P.M., actually illuminating all the country through which we passed. The Northern Tourist; or, Stranger's Guide to same colour and size of a deer, having exceed-returning up stairs, were followed by Mahomed well be anticipated here, to connect the whole ingly short legs, and therefore its swiftness Sahib, the butler, who entreated to speak within one. A few months after, when in my own must proceed from the length and strength of me in private, and to request Lieutenant Me- house at Bangalore, I was surprised by the its body; it had short branching antlers, and redith to remain in the veranda, to prevent sudden appearance of Mahomed Sahib, exwas so extraordinary an animal altogether, any one from listening. This we acquiesced tremely emaciated, ill-dressed, and with a that I preserved the head and antlers on it, till in; and no sooner were we alone in the bed-picture in his hand. He threw himself at my Lady Hood, passing through Bangalore, collect- chamber, than he threw himself at my feet, feet, and told me I had saved his life; that the ing curiosities, I gave it to her. It was the and entreated me, by the memory of his old rajah had given him four months' leave, and only animal of the kind I ever saw in my master, to save his life. I was perfectly thun- desired him to carry his picture to me in proof life. derstruck; raised him up, and desired him to thereof. I refused it, however, when he told explain himself; when he told me a tale which me he had returned a beggar, being stripped of harrowed my soul. The four Bengalees, every thing at the last barrier; but that he whom I had left fat and happy, had become never would return. I saw him in a good dissatisfied with promises, and wages protracted place, shortly afterwards, well and happy. and never paid; they had demanded their The rajah, Lingrajunder Wadeer, died in the dismissal, and had, in consequence, been in-year 1820, and was succeeded on the Musnud humanly murdered. He himself had applied by his son, whom I had seen an infant in 1810. for leave, and was immediately mulcted of all I have heard of no cruelties committed by the "I have observed, that every square league, he had, and his thumbs squeezed in screws, present Máhá Swámee, who is described as a or mile, occasionally, is marked out into a kind made on purpose, and used in native courts; mild, inoffensive young man. The English of fortification; having a high bank, deep his body flagellated, and a threat held out, that have had, however, little or no intercourse ditch, hedge, and barrier. This renders the the next offence would be punished with death. with that country, since 1811, a road being country extremely strong in a military point of That the rajah being acknowledged as the god opened through Wynaud to the Malabar coast, view, every man being a good marksman, and of the country, exercised the supposed right and a capital ghaut made by our own pioneers. famous for sporting: because two thousand without remorse and without control. That, I have omitted to mention, that as this country men can do more, in such enclosures, than ten, for instance, if a poor fellow, standing in his abounds with royal tigers, it is absolutely neor even twenty thousand, in equally thick presence, with both hands joined in adoration, cessary that they should be hunted every jungle, without these advantages. I remarked, as of the Supreme, incessantly calling out season, and the former rajah seldom killed also, this evening, from my bed-room window, Máhá Swámee! or Great God! should be fewer than there were days in the year; and an immense concourse of people, seemingly suddenly bit by a musquito, and loosen his invariably gave a gold bangle to the first man labourers, winding through a distant road; and hands to scratch; a sign, too well known, who should touch the tiger after he had fired, mentioning the circumstance at dinner, I ob- would instantly be made by this soi-disant deity, which must make brave soldiers." served it threw a damp on the countenances of and the poor wretch be a head shorter in a the attendants, amongst whom, in spite of all my twinkling. This, he told me, had been the entreaties to the contrary, I saw the native officer fate of the fine-looking Parsee interpreter, of our honorary guard. No one would satisfy whom I had seen at my last visit, who, having my curiosity. I therefore changed the subject, built a house, and amassed some wealth, was and speaking to my old friend the butler, beheaded, and his property seized for the state; asked him how he came to be so sickly since I and this, he also assured me, was the fate of last saw him, and what had become of four fat every man who entered the country, if he ever Bengalees, who amused me with their civilities attempted to quit it again: and the rajah, adwhen I was last there? A part of their duty mitting his troops to a share in the plunder, being to run after us, if we only went into the bound them to his interests by chains of adagarden for a moment; one carrying a chair, mant. He entreated me to take him with me another a juglet of water, a third a bottle and out of the country, which, he said, could be "Some writers have stated the number of tumbler; as if an European could not exist a easily accomplished, because he must accom- islands in Strangford Lough to be upwards of minute without such accompaniments. He pany me to the barrier; but I could not listen two hundred, but it has been ascertained that turned pale, and trembled; told me he had had to such a proposal, and at once told him so. there are not more than fifty-four. Some are a fever, but was now better, and that the other To connive at the escape of one of the rajah's inhabited; on others cattle of various kinds men were gone away. I rallied him on his servants, while I was his guest, would have are kept by the proprietors of the grounds on grave appearance, and inquired if he was not been a direct breach of hospitality, which I the opposite shore. Upon one of them there is happy. He immediately replied, Happy! he could not consent to practise. But learning, a very extensive rabbit-warren. must be happy in such a service; that every on some further conversation, that the native vidual who resides on this island had for many one, under the Máhá Swámee, enjoyed hap- officer, under the appearance of an honorary years derived a considerable income from the piness.' I immediately launched forth in his guard, was placed there as a spy over every sale of the rabbit-skins, and although he had praise, and I observed this gave Mahomed word and action of every gentleman who lived erected a very good house, he never once pleasure: little did I dream, that every word in that palace; I proposed to enter into such dreamed of paying any thing in the shape of he or I uttered, would be instantly repeated to conversation with him, in Hindoostanee, as excise or taxes. At length, however, a taxthe rajah; yet, fortunately, every thing I being reported, might induce the rajah to gatherer, who had paid a visit to the houses on then had to say was favourable. On retiring grant him leave.” the neighbouring shore, beheld with anxious to rest, and sitting down to bring up my We need not give the details, how this was gaze the goodly edifice which presented itself journal, the occurrences of the day passing in managed; but conclude with the finale. upon the island, and determined upon visiting review, I began to ruminate particularly on "With all his kindness, I could not help it in the name of his majesty. The proprietor the workmen I had seen, and all the repairs Iremarking, that his highness had lost some of of the place, having been in the habit of rehad witnessed in the fort and barriers. It his affability, so easily are we led by circum-ceiving visits from persons who came to purimmediately struck me that the rajah, mis-stances, or by previous opinion, to fancy what, chase his skins, and supposing the taxman to taking a late prohibition of Europeans passing perhaps, has no existence. His conduct to us be one of them, sent off a boat to fetch him to through his country, issued in consequence of throughout had been kind and condescending, the island. On reaching the place, the man of the gross misconduct of two officers, both since beyond that of any native prince I ever knew, taxes began to make various inquiries as to the dismissed from the King's and Company's and was never equalled, in after times, but by time the house had been erected, the number service, had imagined the British were going the Rajah of Népaunee. He was particularly of windows, hearths, &c. it contained; and, to declare war against him, and was conse- fond of the flower of the Calderah, called in having gained the desired information, he quently fortifying his country; and I supposed Hindoostanee Kewrah, the odour of which is immediately demanded, on behalf of his mathe work-people were employed on some strong generally too strong for English organs, but jesty, a considerable sum, as the amount of place in the neighbourhood. Having obtained sweet beyond any flower in the East. No man taxes and arrears due upon the place. In vain special permission for myself and companions, in his dominious dare use it, all being the the poor man protested against the proceeding, I therefore determined that I would imme- property of the Máhá Swámee; as the finest as an imposition-in vain he contended, that diately undeceive him, as an act of kindness to flowers of their gardens are appropriated solely both parties. Rising very early on the 25th, to the decoration of their temples, by all the we took a quiet walk in the garden, and other natives of India. The sequel may as The indi the demand never having been made before, he had no right to pay it then. The stranger was inexorable, and nothing would satisfy him but the payment of the money down, or, in default quence of its increased trade, been transferred totypes and examples of a numerous and existing thereof, he threatened to return direct, with a to Belfast!!! Of the accuracy of the fore- body. ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. going, the reader will be able to form a correct And again, speaking of a monument of the Chichester family at Carrickfergus, near the base of which an old author (M'Skimin) mentions" tablets of black marble, with a very long inscription in English." Mr. Hardy remarks: Brighton; a Comic Sketch. and we leave our readers to form their own judgment as to its authenticity. It appeared in a work which was immediately suppressed in France; and since that period no trace of it has been discoverable; so that this MS., copied from it at the time, has very nearly the value of an original. It purports to be part of a letter written by Buonaparte at the period of the exccution of Louis XVI., and must be perused with peculiar feelings at this eventful moment.] party of the army, and lead, drive, and carry away all that he could find upon the island. At length, fearing such a catastrophe, and finding every effort to soften the hard heart of the exciseman completely fruitless, the poor man paid down the amount demanded, and got a regular acknowledgment for the same; and the officer, having put the money in his pocket, haughtily desired that he might be put ashore. No, no,' said the old man; although his majesty may compel me to pay taxes, he cannot compel me to keep a boat to row you, and the "I LEARNT the next day that the advocate likes of you, back and forward.' After many Target had refused his professional aid to his threats and entreaties, the islander at last sovereign. This was, in the strongest acceptaconsented, as he had brought his visitor over, tion of the term, to erase his name from the to give him a bit of a row' back again; and records of immortality! What were the arguboth getting into the boat, along with a young ments of his cowardly prudence? I shall not lad, son to the proprietor, they pulled for some save his life, whilst I may risk my own.' time in the direction of the shore. When "The inscriptions on these tablets must have Malesherbes, Tronchet, Desèze, faithful and about midway, however, the islander, quietly certainly undergone some very extraordinary devoted subjects (whom I could not imitate, laying down his oar, informed the officer, that metamorphose since the period at which they but whom, if I were a monarch, I would place although he had promised to give him a bit of they were viewed by Mr. Wright, in the year at my right hand), united to defend by their a row, he had never any intention of taking 1823, as he informs us they were at that time zealous exertions the descendant of St. Louis. him the entire way, and that he must now do in Latin-they are at present all in En-Should they survive this courageous act of fidethe best he could, as he was himself obliged toglish!!" lity, I will never pass them without bareing my return to the island, or that they would land head. Detained by business at Versailles, I him on Phaddy Lhug, (a large rock, which Seven Wood En-only returned to Paris on the 16th of January; was visible at low water, but was many feet gravings by R. Cruikshank. Pp. 36. Kidd. I had consequently lost three or four scenes of beneath the surface at full tide)—from which, A HUMOROUS little poem, with a number of attended the National Convention. Ah! my this ambitious tragedy, but on the 18th I if he shouted loud enough, perhaps some of his friends on the shore might hear him, and send commendable puns, after the manner, but not friend! whatever these revolutionary maniacs a boat to convey him the remainder of the up to the merit, of Hood's Hunts, &c. The may say, a monarch is not merely a man: his distance. On the other protesting against such cuts do not strike us as being peculiarly appli- head will fall, it is true, with that of the shepconduct, and insisting that they should concable to Brighton: though clever enough, they herd, but he who commands the murder will tinue their labour, and take him ashore-the might as well apply to London or York; and shudder at his own temerity; and were he not old man, pulling his oar into the boat, and of one of them, the drunken party, we cannot compelled by the force of his secret motives, desiring his son to do the same, very drily express our approbation. the sentence would expire on his lips ere its observed, that if the gentleman did not wish utterance. I gazed eagerly on the intrepid to quit the boat, they would not insist upon mortals who were about to dare pronounce on his doing so, as they could swim like twa the fate of their virtuous sovereign. I studied water-dogs,' and thus easily regain the island; their looks— scrutinised their very hearts. It but that if he chose to pay him for it, they was by the excess, the importance of their treswould willingly land him at any place he pass, they were supported, whilst inwardly wished. Finding himself outwitted by the Two amusing little volumes, from which the awed by the rank of their victim: could they islanders, the officer deemed it the more ad- previous popularity of many of their component have ventured to retract, the prince had been visable way to accede to the terms proposed parts, alone prevents our quoting. Without saved! But unfortunately they had said, if when, to his astonishment, he found that the calling for any thing like strict criticism, they his head does not fall to-day, ours must soon demand was nothing less than the entire will pass away half an hour, or more, pleasantly submit to the stroke of the executioner. This amount he had received for the taxes, together enough, as the reader chances to be of slow or was the predominant idea that dictated their with a receipt for those of the following year, rapid habits of perusal. We cannot characte-votes. No pen could with justice describe the and a special engagement, that he would never rise them better than by quoting the motto in situation of the people in the galleries. Silent, again return to that island to demand taxes or the title-page. "It is a good thing to laugh, gloomy, breathless, their looks were alternately excise. Hard as the terms were, he was at at any rate; and if a straw can tickle a man, it directed towards the accused, his advocates, and length compelled to accede to them, rather is an instrument of happiness." There is not, his judge. Circumstance as strange as horthan take the alternative of being left to drift however, much of that broad wit or humour rible, D'Orleans' vote was-Death! The shock out to sea in an open boat, on a tide which, at that excites laughter, in these volumes; which of electricity would have been less visibly felt: the time, was running at the rate of nine miles are rather agreeable and pleasing. the assembly rose with one spontaneous start an hour, with scarcely a hope of relief from any of horror, and the hall reverberated the murquarter. It is scarcely necessary to observe, The Midsummer Medley for 1830. A Series Co. Norrington; or, the Memoirs of a Peer.mur of similar and responsive feeling: one man that having paid back the money, and given the required receipt, the crest-fallen tax-man 2 vols. London, 1830. Hurst, Chance, and alone, immovable as a rock, kept his seat -it was I! I ventured to inquire of myself the was put safely ashore, and never again visited APPARENTLY a reprint of some novel of tion-only such a sentiment could reconcile the cause of this indifference; I found it in ambithe island, or trusted himself in company with sixty years' since," being on a par with the conduct of the Duke of Orleans; to me, thereso tricky a customer as the old dealer in rabbit-humblest of a now exploded school. skins." Protestant Truths, and Roman Catholic Er- fore, it was natural: he sought a throne to which he had no title, and such acquisitions are not to be made without forfeiting the right to virtuous and general estimation. Mr. Hardy, in some of his notes, is pleasantly enough severe upon the blunders of former writers: take for example the observation which he makes, after noticing the "I shall now, my friend, become concise: I village of Crumlin. do not like the unfolding of funereal crape. "The following extraordinary description of AN interesting and prettily told story, but The king was condemned to death! and if the this small place appears in the Topographical very unfair in its premises, and illiberal in its 21st of January did not for ever affix an odium Dictionary of the United Kingdom, published conclusions. An author, it is true, is like an on the French character, at least it added a in London, in the year 1826! Antrim, absolute monarch, and does what he pleases glorious name to the list of martyrs! What a eighty-four miles from Dublin, is the capital of with his subjects. It is, however, neither very town was Paris on this awful day! The popu the county of the same name. There is a good good reasoning, nor very strict justice, to make lace appeared in a state of stupefaction: it road and pier here; but the custom-house, certain imaginary individuals commit certain seemed that the people assembled only to exwhich was formerly established, has, in conse. imaginary acts, and then hold them as pro-change gloomy looks, and to fly from each |